Tunneling in Polymer Quantization and the Quantum Zeno Effect

As an application of the polymer quantization scheme, in this work we investigate the one dimensional quantum mechanical tunneling phenomenon from the perspective of polymer representation of a non-relativistic point particle and derive the transmission and reflection coefficients. Since any tunneling phenomenon inevitably evokes a tunneling time we attempt an analytical calculation of tunneling times by defining an operator well suited in discrete spatial geometry. The results that we come up with hint at appearance of the Quantum Zeno Effect in polymer framework.Comment: 21pp,3 figures, to be published in Phys. Lett.

Relativistic MOND from Modified Energetics

We begin to investigate the question of what modifications in energy-momentum tensor can yield correct MOND regime. As a starting study, we refrain from insisting on an action principle and focus exclusively on the equations of motion. The present work, despite the absence of an explicit action functional, can be regarded to extend Milgrom's modified inertia approach to relativistic domain. Our results show that a proper MOND limit arises if energy-momentum tensor is modified to involve determinant of the metric tensor in reference to the flat metric, where the latter is dynamically generated as in gravitational Higgs mechanism. This modified energy-momentum tensor is conserved in both Newtonian and MONDian regimes.Comment: 7p

Eine rechtssoziologische Analyse des islamischen waqf-Systems

Je abstrakter eine Rechtsnorm gefasst ist, desto besser kann sie den durch die funktionale Differenzierung der Gesellschaft entstandenen Kontingenzen gerecht werden. Umgekehrt hemmt ein Rechtssystem die System- und Sozialintegration einer Gesellschaft, wenn es hauptsächlich mit Analogien arbeitet, materielle Ziele verfolgt und damit den notwendigen Formwandel verhindert. Ein gutes Beispiel dafür ist das islamische waqf-System. Im Frühislam war Solidarität durch freiwillige Wohltätigkeit im zakāt-System erwünscht. In der Expansionsphase der islamischen Herrschaft wurde die Freiwilligkeit in eine theologisch legitimierte Norm verwandelt und im waqf-System institutionalisiert. Während dieser Transformationsphase dienten awqāf als ein System von Kompromissen. Dabei wurden die Bedingungen für waqf-Gründungen vom Zentrum bestimmt und ihre Verwaltung der Peripherie überlassen. Diese Arbeitsteilung wurde im Osmanischen Reich durch das duale Rechtssystem von sakralem und sultanischem Ursprung zusammengehalten. Zugleich wurde während dieser Phase die Lebenswelt einer rationalen Reflexion und das Recht einer Positivierung unterzogen. Die Stadien dieser Evolution werden im Folgenden nachgezeichnet und kritisch bewertet

Time-Frequency Warped Waveforms

The forthcoming communication systems are advancing towards improved flexibility in various aspects. Improved flexibility is crucial to cater diverse service requirements. This letter proposes a novel waveform design scheme that exploits axis warping to enable peaceful coexistence of different pulse shapes. A warping transform manipulates the lattice samples non-uniformly and provides flexibility to handle the time-frequency occupancy of a signal. The proposed approach enables the utilization of flexible pulse shapes in a quasi-orthogonal manner and increases the spectral efficiency. In addition, the rectangular resource block structure, which assists an efficient resource allocation, is preserved with the warped waveform design as well.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures; accepted version (The URL for the final version: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8540914&isnumber=8605392

Anatomical landmark based registration of contrast enhanced T1-weighted MR images

In many problems involving multiple image analysis, an im- age registration step is required. One such problem appears in brain tumor imaging, where baseline and follow-up image volumes from a tu- mor patient are often to-be compared. Nature of the registration for a change detection problem in brain tumor growth analysis is usually rigid or affine. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted MR images are widely used in clinical practice for monitoring brain tumors. Over this modality, con- tours of the active tumor cells and whole tumor borders and margins are visually enhanced. In this study, a new technique to register serial contrast enhanced T1 weighted MR images is presented. The proposed fully-automated method is based on five anatomical landmarks: eye balls, nose, confluence of sagittal sinus, and apex of superior sagittal sinus. Af- ter extraction of anatomical landmarks from fixed and moving volumes, an affine transformation is estimated by minimizing the sum of squared distances between the landmark coordinates. Final result is refined with a surface registration, which is based on head masks confined to the sur- face of the scalp, as well as to a plane constructed from three of the extracted features. The overall registration is not intensity based, and it depends only on the invariant structures. Validation studies using both synthetically transformed MRI data, and real MRI scans, which included several markers over the head of the patient were performed. In addition, comparison studies against manual landmarks marked by a radiologist, as well as against the results obtained from a typical mutual information based method were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Waveform Design for 5G and Beyond

5G is envisioned to improve major key performance indicators (KPIs), such as peak data rate, spectral efficiency, power consumption, complexity, connection density, latency, and mobility. This chapter aims to provide a complete picture of the ongoing 5G waveform discussions and overviews the major candidates. It provides a brief description of the waveform and reveals the 5G use cases and waveform design requirements. The chapter presents the main features of cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) that is deployed in 4G LTE systems. CP-OFDM is the baseline of the 5G waveform discussions since the performance of a new waveform is usually compared with it. The chapter examines the essential characteristics of the major waveform candidates along with the related advantages and disadvantages. It summarizes and compares the key features of different waveforms.Comment: 22 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables; accepted version (The URL for the final version: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119333142.ch2

Remote cutting of Li-ion battery electrodes with infrared and green ns-pulsed fibre lasers

"Thin sheet anode and cathode materials made in composite structures constitute some of the most important components of a Li-ion battery. These materials are currently cut by punching technology, which shows degrading behaviour as the tool wears out. A viable option for Li-ion battery electrode manufacturing is the use of remote laser cutting. However, the operation requires fulfilling both productivity and quality aspects to substitute the conventional production method. One of the most critical aspects in quality is the clearance width, which is defined as the extent of the exposed middle layer of the sandwich at the laser cut kerf. This work investigates the quality aspects of laser cutting of Li-ion electrodes when a green fibre laser source (λ=532 nm, τ= 1 ns) is used rather than the more traditional infrared (IR) fibre laser source (λ=1,064 nm, τ=250 ns). The processing conditions were investigated to reveal the technological feasibility zones. Clearance width was studied within the technological feasibility zones for all the material-laser combinations. Results showed that high productivity criterion is met by the IR system, since cutting speed could reach 30 m/min with 54Waverage laser power on both anode and cathode. On the other hand, the green laser provided clearance width below 20 μm. In the best case, the clearance on anode could be eliminated with the green laser system. Although the maximum cutting speed was 4.5 m/min, upscaling of green laser power can provide required productivity.

Earthquake Safety Analysis of an Historical Masonry Building

In this study, how to study the earthquake safety of an Historical Masonry Residence that has wall damages because of soil sitting is shown. Restitution and restoration projects of the building are used in the analysis in addition to the site observation and research. The building has a basement, a ground floor, a normal floor and a half roof floor. The all walls of the basement and the outer walls of the other floors are made of stones. Inner walls are wood members. Stresses at the structural members are calculated by SAP2000 v.15 program. Planar stress analysis is made by SAP2000 v.15 program for ultimate loads. Structural members of building are modeled as shell member after the material properties are determined. Sittings of the building are considered as support settlement in the analysis. It is seen that most of the calculated stresses are lower than the limit stresses given in Turkish Seismic Code and only the basement walls have high stresses. These walls is strengthened by using FRP. Seismic behavior of residence is enhanced to demanded level by TSC-2007 with proposed strengthening metho