PERENCANAAN JARINGAN TELKOM PLEKSI MENGGUNAKAN CDMA 2000IX STUDI KASUS DAERAH KOTAMADYA MALANG

ABSTRAKSI: Kata Kunci : ABSTRACT: Keyword

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of resistance to macrolides and Lincosamides in Corynebacterium striatum clinical strains isolated from Tunisia

Objectives: In this study we investigated the susceptibility profiles against macrolides and lincosamides of 85 C. striatum strains isolated at a clinical centre in Sousse (Tunisia). Methods: The strains were identified by the routine biochemical assays and then confirmed by Vitek-Maldi-Tof-MS. MIC?s of erythromycin and clindamycin were determined using the microdilution method. The detection of erm(X), erm(B), msr(A), mph(A) and mef(A-E) resistance genes was performed by PCR. The strains were typed by PFGE using XbaI. Results: Sixty-nine (81.17%) strains were resistant to erythromycin, 58 (67.44%) strains were resistant to clindamycin. There was a high correlation between the resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin and the presence of erm(X) gene in 85.50% and 89.65% respectively. The erm(B) gene was detected in 21(24.70%) strains whereas, no others genes were detected in our strains collection. By PFGE, the 85 strains belonged to 18 different clones. Conclusion: erm(X) is implicated in macrolide resistance for almost all the Corynebacterium strains analyzed in our study. Other resistance genes like erm(B) must also be implicated in this resistance, although its presence seems to be unusual in previously reported studies

Safety profile of lamotrigine in overdose

Background: Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant as well as a mood stabilizer. Apart from its established use in the treatment of epilepsy, there has been an expansion of its use in the treatment of mental disorders. Patients with epilepsy as well as those with mental disorders are at increased risk of deliberate drug overdoses. An evidence base for the safety profile of lamotrigine in overdose is an essential tool for prescribers. The objective of this study was to carry out a narrative synthesis of the existing evidence for the safety profile of lamotrigine in overdose. Methods: A systematic search was conducted of EMBASE (1974 to December 2015), MEDLINE (1946 to December 2015), PsycINFO (1806 to December 2015) and CINAHL (1981 to December 2015) databases. Studies were included in which there was a deliberate or accidental single drug overdose of lamotrigine, with its toxic effects described. Studies that did not involve an overdose were excluded. A narrative synthesis of the described toxic effects was carried out. Results: Out of 562 articles identified, 26 studies were included, mainly in the form of case reports and series. The most commonly described toxic effects of lamotrigine were on the central nervous system, specifically seizures, movement disorders and reduced consciousness. Other toxic effects included QTc interval and QRS complex prolongations, hypersensitivity reactions, serotonin syndrome as well as rhabdomyolysis possibly due to seizures and/or agitation. Deaths were recorded in two studies, with cardiovascular and neurological toxic effects described. Conclusions: Even though lamotrigine has been reported to be well tolerated, there is a risk of toxic effects which can be life threatening in overdose. This needs to be borne in mind when prescribing to patients at an increased risk of deliberate drug overdose

Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan (Ib) Menggunakan Semen Beku Dengan Pengencer Yang Berbeda Pada Sapi Persilangan Ongole

Usaha untuk meningkatkan produksi sapi potong adalah dengan meningkatkan mutu genetik ternak melalui inseminasi buatan (IB). Semen beku merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan IB. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Pakis, Kabupaten Malang yang dimulai pada bulan September-Januari 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberhasilan IB menggunakan semen beku dengan penambahan pengencer CEP-2 + 10% Kuning telur + 0,6% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) pada Sapi Persilangan Ongole ditinjau dari parameter yang terdiri dari Non Return Rate (NRR) dan Conception Rate (CR) Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan aplikasi IB menggunakan semen beku sapi PO dengan level 0,6% BSA ke arah program lanjutan bagi peternakan rakyat maupun pemerintah UPSUS SIWAB. Materi penelitian yang digunakan adalah 38 Sapi betina yang siap kawin/keadaan birahi. Sapi yang digunakan dikategorikan menjadi 19 ekor di inseminasi single dosis menggunakan semen beku dengan pengencer skim milk (P0) dan 19 ekor di inseminasi doble dosis menggunakan semen beku dengan pengencer CEP-2 pada level 0,6% BSA (P1) yang di lakukan prosesing di Lab Lapang Sumber Sekar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode percobaan (experimental method) dan wawancara. Data yang digunakan yaitu data primer (jumlah sapi, reproduksi ternak, umur ternak) dan data sekunder (identitas peternak, tanggal IB dan riwayat kesehatan ternak).Variabel yang diukur adalah Non Return Rate (NRR) dan Conception Rate (CR). Pengamatan NRR dilakukan pada hari ke-21, 42, 63. Pengamatan CR dapat dilakukan pada bulan ke-3 setelah dilakukan inseminasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter keberhasilan IB dengan persentase NRR sebesar 94,73% pada hari ke-21, 94,73% pada hari ke-42 dan 89,47% pada hari ke-63 untuk P0. Sedangkan untuk P1 menunjukkan hasil 85% pada hari ke-21, 84,21% pada hari ke-42 dan 73,68% pada hari ke-63. Persentase CR pada P0 diketahui sebesar 84,21% dan P1 sebesar 68,42%. Keberhasilan IB menggunakan semen beku dengan pengencer CEP-2 + 10% kuning telur sudah memberikan hasil efisiensi reproduksi baik (persentase keberhasilan IB >60%). Nilai NRR43-63 pada perlakuan semen beku (P0) 89,40%, pada perlakuan semen beku Sapi PO 0,6% BSA (P1) 73,68%. Nilai CR pada perlakuan semen beku (P0) 84,21% dan semen beku 0,6% BSA (P1) 68,42%. Saran untuk penelitian ini, Semen beku dengan Pengencer CEP-2 belum bisa di aplikasikan dengan baik dan perlu dilakukannya penelitian lebih lanjut pada kualitas semen beku dan bangsa sapi yang sama

Plant-Derivatives Small Molecules with Antibacterial Activity

The vegetal world constitutes the main factory of chemical products, in particular secondary metabolites like phenols, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of these compounds are small molecules with antibacterial activity, although very few are actually in the market as antibiotics for clinical practice or as food preservers. The path from the detection of antibacterial activity in a plant extract to the practical application of the active(s) compound(s) is long, and goes through their identification, purification, in vitro and in vivo analysis of their biological and pharmacological properties, and validation in clinical trials. This review presents an update of the main contributions published on the subject, focusing on the compounds that showed activity against multidrug-resistant relevant bacterial human pathogens, paying attention to their mechanisms of action and synergism with classical antibiotics

Percepción del programa vuelve a sonreír en pacientes edéntulos totales en la localidad Pachacútec Ventanilla según etapa educativa 2015

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es determinar la percepción del programa vuelve a sonreír en pacientes edéntulos totales en la localidad Pachacútec Ventanilla según etapa educativa. El tipo de investigación es básica de naturaleza descriptiva y correlacional. El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo no experimental: Corte transversal. La población para el periodo 2015 está conformado por: todos los pacientes edéntulos totales de Pachacútec Ventanilla, que asisten al Hospital de Ventanilla: 125 pacientes. Técnica: encuesta, instrumento: Cuestionario de percepción del programa vuelve a sonreír en pacientes edéntulos totales. Con la información recogida se obtuvo la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad del instrumento, utilizándose el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS), versión 23. Se adjunta tabla de confiabilidad y la validez de constructo del instrumento; Se utilizó el estadígrafo no paramétrico Chi 2, razón en que las variables en estudio son niveles. Nivel de significación de 0,05. Entre los principales resultados se determinó existe asociación directa y significativa entre programa vuelve a sonreír y etapa educativa en los pacientes edéntulos totales del Hospital de Ventanilla; Pachacútec - Ventanilla p= 0,00. P< 0,05. Así como, en todas las demás dimensiones

In vitro Antibacterial Effects of Salvia sclarea, Eucalyptus Globulus and Eugenia Caryophyllata Essential oils Against Multidrug Resistant Corynebacterium spp Clinical Isolates

Objectives: Multidrug resistant Corynebacterium species are increasingly reported as the ethiological agent of various clinical infections. Thus, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three essential oils Salvia sclarea, Eucalyptus globulus and Eugenia caryophyllata against Corynebacterium species. Methods: Twenty-four multidrug resistant strains including C. striatum, C. amycolatum, C. urealyticum, C. aurimucosum, C. imitans, and C. jeikeium were used in the study. Inhibition diameter zone, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericide concentration of these oils were determined using agar disc diffusion method and microdilution method. Tigecycline was used as positive control. Results: Our study showed that Eugenia caryophyllata had the best activity. Eucalyptus globulus extract exhibited a moderate activity and Salvia sclarea was inactive against all the species tested. We found that C. amycolatum was more resistant to the essential oils than other species. On the other hand, tigecycline was effective on the majority of the strains (37.5%), but his action was lower than Eugenia caryophyllata oil. Conclusion: These results support the use of clove oil as a natural alternative to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant corynebacteria

Development of Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Genomics Research in H3Africa

Background: Although pockets of bioinformatics excellence have developed in Africa, generally, large-scale genomic data analysis has been limited by the availability of expertise and infrastructure. H3ABioNet, a pan-African bioinformatics network, was established to build capacity specifically to enable H3Africa (Human Heredity and Health in Africa) researchers to analyze their data in Africa. Since the inception of the H3Africa initiative, H3ABioNet’s role has evolved in response to changing needs from the consortium and the African bioinformatics community. Objectives: H3ABioNet set out to develop core bioinformatics infrastructure and capacity for genomics research in various aspects of data collection, transfer, storage, and analysis. Methods and Results: Various resources have been developed to address genomic data management and analysis needs of H3Africa researchers and other scientific communities on the continent. NetMap was developed and used to build an accurate picture of network performance within Africa and between Africa and the rest of the world, and Globus Online has been rolled out to facilitate data transfer. A participant recruitment database was developed to monitor participant enrollment, and data is being harmonized through the use of ontologies and controlled vocabularies. The standardized metadata will be integrated to provide a search facility for H3Africa data and biospecimens. Because H3Africa projects are generating large-scale genomic data, facilities for analysis and interpretation are critical. H3ABioNet is implementing several data analysis platforms that provide a large range of bioinformatics tools or workflows, such as Galaxy, the Job Management System, and eBiokits. A set of reproducible, portable, and cloud-scalable pipelines to support the multiple H3Africa data types are also being developed and dockerized to enable execution on multiple computing infrastructures. In addition, new tools have been developed for analysis of the uniquely divergent African data and for downstream interpretation of prioritized variants. To provide support for these and other bioinformatics queries, an online bioinformatics helpdesk backed by broad consortium expertise has been established. Further support is provided by means of various modes of bioinformatics training. Conclusions: For the past 4 years, the development of infrastructure support and human capacity through H3ABioNet, have significantly contributed to the establishment of African scientific networks, data analysis facilities, and training programs. Here, we describe the infrastructure and how it has affected genomics and bioinformatics research in Africa