Thermodynamic Model of Capital Extraction in Economic Systems

In this paper the properties of the wealth function of an economic system are studied. An economic analog of the Gibbs-Duhem equation is derived. Equilibrium states and limiting profit extraction regimes in non-equilibrium economic systems are obtained for the Cobb-Douglas wealth function

Study of Biodiesel Production through Esterification Catalysed by Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel which is industrially produced from vegetable oils and animal fats, by transesterification reactions. Thus, currently most commercial biodiesel is produced from oils, using alkaline catalysts. On the other hand, conventional mineral acid catalysts like sulfuric acid, are commonly used for catalyzing esterification reactions of fatty acids which also produce biodiesel. However, Ionic Liquids (ILs) offer an alternative solution to classical homogeneous catalysts, because it can be recycled and reused in subsequent runs after recovery steps. An IL is a molten salt consisting of a cation and an anion, with low melting temperature. In this study, a Brønsted acidic IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM][HSO4]) was used as a catalyst in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol into biodiesel. The effect of different operation parameters such as oleic acid to methanol molar ratio, amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time were tested. The optimal conditions for esterification of oleic acid were experimentally determined at 1/10 for oleic acid/methanol molar ratio, 2.5 %wt for the amount of catalyst, a reaction time of 4 h and reaction temperature of 90oC. The Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) content was analyzed using Gas Chromatography.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Karst hazard assessment in the design of the main gas pipeline (South Yakutia)

The paper represents the description of the zonal and regional geological factors of geoengineering conditions which characterize the territory in South Yakutia crossed by the designed main gas pipeline. Cryogenic processes and karst are considered to be the most dangerous hazards for gas pipeline maintenance. Karst hazard assessment of the gas pipeline section made in the course of the research has involved a complex of geological methods: geoengineering, geophysical, hydrogeological, and mapping. Sections prone to karst development have been identified. The authors have suggested the measures to protect potentially hazardous sections and to ensure timely informing on sinkhole collapses

Targeting the absence: Homozygous DNA deletions as immutable signposts for cancer therapy

Many cancers harbor homozygous DNA deletions (HDs). In contrast to other attributes of cancer cells, their HDs are immutable features that cannot change during tumor progression or therapy. I describe an approach, termed deletion-specific targeting (DST), that employs HDs (not their effects on RNA/protein circuits, but deletions themselves) as the targets of cancer therapy. The DST strategy brings together both existing and new methodologies, including the ubiquitin fusion technique, the split-ubiquitin assay, zinc-finger DNA-recognizing proteins and split restriction nucleases. The DST strategy also employs a feedback mechanism that receives input from a circuit operating as a Boolean OR gate and involves the activation of split nucleases, which destroy DST vector in normal (nontarget) cells. The logic of DST makes possible an incremental and essentially unlimited increase in the selectivity of therapy. If DST strategy can be implemented in a clinical setting, it may prove to be curative and substantially free of side effects

Reforms in the Field of Preschool Education and Modern Pedagogical Methods of Teaching

The article encourages the expansion of the state and non-state network of pre-school education today, the use of modern methods in teaching, the expression of the creativity of educators through the informatization of education, and the search for new, non-traditional forms and methods of interaction with children. It is thought that it consists of encouraging, as well as helping to increase children's interest in learning, activating their cognitive activity and developing the child in all aspects

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION IN ENSURING THE INNOVATIVE STABILITY OF THE ECONOMY

This article provides information on the special features of the organization of employment of the population in the process of sustainable economic changes, indicators of temporary employment in the case of member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development