Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Root Influences Rhizosphere Hydraulic Properties through Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Activity

Processes of water retention and movement and the hydraulic conductivity are altered in the rhizosphere. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical-hydric properties of soil aggregates in the rhizosphere of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cropped in a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox, taking into account aspects related to soil aggregate stability. Soil aggregates from rhizosphere soil (RZS) and soil between plant rows (SBP) were used to determine soil water retention curves (SWRCs) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). In addition, properties related to soil aggregate stability, such as water-dispersible clay, soil organic carbon (SOC), and microbial activity, were also assessed. The higher microbial activity observed in the RZS was facilitated by increased SOC and microbial activity, resulting in improved soil aggregation (less water-dispersible clay). For nearly all measured matric potentials, RZS had a higher water content than SBP. This was attributed to the stability of aggregates, increase in SOC content, and the root exudates, which improved soil water retention. The increase in total porosity in RZS was associated with improved soil aggregation, which prevents deterioration of the soil pore space and results in higher Ksat and hydraulic conductivity as a function of the effective relative saturation in RZS compared to SBP

Replication Data for: Predicting decline of professionals during recruitment process using data science

Replication Data for: Predicting decline of professionals during recruitment process using data science Features Description: Declined: Variable to be predict, where value 0 means that the candi- date continued in the recruit- ment process until the hiring, and value 1 implies the candi- date’s declination from recruit- ment process. ValueClient: The total amount the customer plan to pay by the hired candidate. The value 0 means that client yet did not define a value to pay the candidate. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. ExtraCost: Extra cost the customer has to pay to hire the candidate. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. ValueResources: Requested value by the candidate to work. The value 0 means that the candidate did not request a salary amount yet an this value will be negotiate later. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. Net: The difference between the “ValueClient”, yearly taxes and “ValueResources”. Negative values mean that the amount the client plans to pay the candidate has not yet been defined and is still open for negotiation. DaysOnContact: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Contact” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnInterview: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Interview” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnSendCV: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Send CV” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnReturn: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Return” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnCSchedule: Number of days that the candidate is in the “C. Schedule” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnCRealized: Number of days that the candidate is in the “C. Realized” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. ProcessDuration: Duration of entire recruitment process in days. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. </dl

Replication Data for: Predicting decline of professionals during recruitment process using data science

Replication Data for: Predicting decline of professionals during recruitment process using data science Features Description: Declined: Variable to be predict, where value 0 means that the candi- date continued in the recruit- ment process until the hiring, and value 1 implies the candi- date’s declination from recruit- ment process. ValueClient: The total amount the customer plan to pay by the hired candidate. The value 0 means that client yet did not define a value to pay the candidate. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. ExtraCost: Extra cost the customer has to pay to hire the candidate. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. ValueResources: Requested value by the candidate to work. The value 0 means that the candidate did not request a salary amount yet an this value will be negotiate later. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. Net: The difference between the “ValueClient”, yearly taxes and “ValueResources”. Negative values mean that the amount the client plans to pay the candidate has not yet been defined and is still open for negotiation. DaysOnContact: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Contact” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnInterview: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Interview” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnSendCV: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Send CV” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnReturn: Number of days that the candidate is in the “Return” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnCSchedule: Number of days that the candidate is in the “C. Schedule” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. DaysOnCRealized: Number of days that the candidate is in the “C. Realized” step of the recruitment process. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. ProcessDuration: Duration of entire recruitment process in days. Values must be greater than or equal to 0. </dl

Biochar: From Laboratory to Industry Scale&mdash;An Overview of Scientific and Industrial Advances, Opportunities in the Brazilian Context, and Contributions to Sustainable Development

Waste treatment and valorization have become crucial for sustainable development towards a circular economy. As an alternative, biochar production is a promising process to convert wastes into a valuable product that presents several potential applications to cope with environmental problems. Biochar in recent years has been the subject of many studies, which have leveraged the number of patents and the industrial interest in this process. Against this background, this overview aimed: (i) to identify the advances in biochar research; (ii) to assess the number of patents on biochar over the years; (iii) to look at the industrial production of biochar worldwide; (iv) to detect the potential for biochar production in Brazil regarding waste biomass availability; and (v) to discuss the potential of biochar in contributing to reach some Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The holistic analysis presented here suggests that progress has been made in research, patent development, and industrial implementation of biochar, and that its potential role in achieving certain SDGs is noteworthy. Therefore, this overview can be useful in guiding future research about biochar to improve the knowledge of the different branches in this field

A legislação sobre o Aborto nos Países da América Latina

Introdução. Historicamente observam-se diversos movimentos em prol da saúde sexual e reprodutiva feminina. Os mesmos vem problematizando a legalização do aborto, sendo este definido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como a interrupção da gravidez no máximo até a idade gestacional de 20-22 semanas e peso fetal de 500 gramas. Objetivo. O presente estudo buscou identificar como o aborto é discutido legalmente na América Latina, explorando a diversidade do tema. Método. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, utilizando-se as palavras-chave "aborto e (lei ou bioética)" lançadas nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO e PUBMED, no período de 2011 a 2016. Resultados e Discussão. Foram encontrados artigos científicos abordando 18 dos 20 países que atualmente compõem a América Latina, com exceção do Paraguai e Venezuela. Os resultados mostraram que alguns países e/ou estados têm leis menos restritivas, tais como Cuba, Uruguai e o Distrito Federal do México. Em contrapartida, outros consideram o aborto como prática ilegal sob qualquer hipótese, como Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras e Nicarágua. Os demais países encontrados despenalizam o aborto em situações específicas como estupro, malformações fetais incompatíveis com a vida e risco de vida ou à saúde da gestante. Conclusão. O tema da legalização do aborto ainda gera muitas ambivalências na América Latina. Contrapõem-se, por um lado, visões religiosas, o direito à vida fetal e o receio de banalização da prática, e, por outro, iniciativas de preservação da vida e dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres, buscando diminuir os índices de aborto inseguro e mortalidade materna.</jats:p