El aprendizaje-servicio como propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza práctica de la geografía. Una experiencia de puesta en valor del patrimonio natural

Producción CientíficaSe analizan los resultados de la experiencia de aprendizaje-servicio desarrollada como soporte didáctico de la asignatura Geomorfología Práctica y Aplicada -cuarto curso del Grado de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio de la Universidad de Valladolid-. La actividad ha consistido en la elaboración del “Inventario del patrimonio geomorfológico, valoración de la geodiversidad y propuesta de rutas turísticas por la Reserva de la Biosfera de los Ancares Leoneses”, contando para su realización con un convenio de colaboración entre la RBALE y la Universidad de Valladolid. Se explican los detalles organizativos de la experiencia, haciéndose especial énfasis en el balance participativo y en la implicación de los agentes locales

Service-learning, educational innovation and geography: an experience in assessing territorial heritage in the Biosphere Reserve of the area known as the Ancares Leoneses (Cantabrian mountain range, Spain)

Producción CientíficaThe article weighs up the didactic proposal carried out by the authors in the Biosphere Reserve of the Ancares Leoneses (RBALE) with students enrolled in the Practical and Applied Geomorphology class of the fourth year of the Undergraduate Degree in Geography and Land-use Planning of the University of Valladolid. Its development has served, firstly, as a basis and a tool for geographical work in a mountain site of heritage value, a key objective of the matter. At the same time, it has allowed students to take part in a real service-learning experience, interacting with local parties and management entities of the RBALE. This experience was awarded the “Prize for Educational Innovation by the Social Council of the University of Valladolid -2013-”.CSO2012-39564-C07-0

Gestão Centrada No Ser Humano: O Caso de dois Coordenadores de Cursos de IES de Foz do Iguaçu

No artigo analisa-se a mudança de paradigma que ocorreu no gerenciamento a partir do desenvolvimento da teoria dos sistemas abertos. Caracteriza-se e analisa-se, também, de maneira comparativa o estilo tradicional de gerenciamento baseado no modelo Estratégia- Estrutura-Sistemas, orientado para tarefas com o estilo gerencial baseado no modelo Objetivos-Processos-Pessoas, orientado para pessoas. Descreve-se e analisa-se a evolução do conceito de organização na era industrial. Enfatiza-se a importância da compreensão de que se vive numa sociedade de organizações. Descreve-se a importância das organizações como mecanismo de crescimento econômico e de controle social. Finaliza-se o texto enfatizando a importância do ser humano para se atingir resultados organizacionais na chamada sociedade do conhecimento

Aprendizagem Gerencial Construtivista: O Caso de Supervisão em Estágios Acadêmicos

Neste texto, procura-se especular teoricamente a possibilidade de criação de uma pedagogia gerencial ancorada nos fundamentos da pedagogia freireana. O norteamento do texto se dá no pressuposto de que a aprendizagem gerencial deve levar em conta toda a multidimensionalidade do ser humano. O gerente humanista deve ser capaz de complementar a sua aprendizagem formal no seu ambiente de prática por meio da ação e da reflexão. Acredita-se que a aprendizagem é um processo inacabado e infinito. Finaliza-se o ensaio com a convicção de que aprender é o ponto de partida e o ponto de chegada no processo de tornarse um ser humano mais humano e mais flexível

Patient involvement in clinical research: Why, when, and how

The development of a patient-centered approach to medicine is gradually allowing more patients to be involved in their own medical decisions. However, this change is not happening at the same rate in clinical research, where research generally continues to be carried out on patients, but not with patients. This work describes the why, when, and how of more active patient participation in the research process. Specific measures are proposed to improve patient involvement in 1) setting priorities, 2) study leadership and design, 3) improved access to clinical trials, 4) preparation and oversight of the information provided to participants, 5) post-study evaluation of the patient experience, and 6) the dissemination and application of results. In order to achieve these aims, the relative emphases on the ethical principles underlying research need to be changed. The current model based on the principle of beneficence must be left behind, and one that upholds the ethical principles of autonomy and non maleficence should be embraced. There is a need to improve the level of information that patients and society as a whole have on research objectives and processes; the goal is to promote the gradual emergence of the expert patient

Dexamethasone Rescues Neurovascular Unit Integrity from Cell Damage Caused by Systemic Administration of Shiga Toxin 2 and Lipopolysaccharide in Mice Motor Cortex

Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that can lead to fatal encephalopathies. Neurological abnormalities may occur before or after the onset of systemic pathological symptoms and motor disorders are frequently observed in affected patients and in studies with animal models. As Stx2 succeeds in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and invading the brain parenchyma, it is highly probable that the observed neurological alterations are based on the possibility that the toxin may trigger the impairment of the neurovascular unit and/or cell damage in the parenchyma. Also, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced and secreted by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) may aggravate the deleterious effects of Stx2 in the brain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine (i) whether Stx2 affects the neurovascular unit and parenchymal cells, (ii) whether the contribution of LPS aggravates these effects, and (iii) whether an inflammatory event underlies the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the observed injury. The administration of a sublethal dose of Stx2 was employed to study in detail the motor cortex obtained from a translational murine model of encephalopathy. In the present paper we report that Stx2 damaged microvasculature, caused astrocyte reaction and neuronal degeneration, and that this was aggravated by LPS. Dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory, reversed the pathologic effects and proved to be an important drug in the treatment of acute encephalopathies.Fil: Pinto, Alipio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Jacobsen, Mariana Elena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Geoghegan, Patricia. Diección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Cangelosi, Adriana. Diección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Cejudo, Maria Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tironi-Farinati, Carla. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Goldstein Raij, Jorge. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

A Translational Murine Model of Sub-Lethal Intoxication with Shiga Toxin 2 Reveals Novel Ultrastructural Findings in the Brain Striatum

Infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli causes hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), acute renal failure, and also central nervous system complications in around 30% of the children affected. Besides, neurological deficits are one of the most unrepairable and untreatable outcomes of HUS. Study of the striatum is relevant because basal ganglia are one of the brain areas most commonly affected in patients that have suffered from HUS and since the deleterious effects of a sub-lethal dose of Shiga toxin have never been studied in the striatum, the purpose of this study was to attempt to simulate an infection by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in a murine model. To this end, intravenous administration of a sub-lethal dose of Shiga toxin 2 (0.5 ηg per mouse) was used and the correlation between neurological manifestations and ultrastructural changes in striatal brain cells was studied in detail. Neurological manifestations included significant motor behavior abnormalities in spontaneous motor activity, gait, pelvic elevation and hind limb activity eight days after administration of the toxin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the toxin caused early perivascular edema two days after administration, as well as significant damage in astrocytes four days after administration and significant damage in neurons and oligodendrocytes eight days after administration. Interrupted synapses and mast cell extravasation were also found eight days after administration of the toxin. We thus conclude that the chronological order of events observed in the striatum could explain the neurological disorders found eight days after administration of the toxin.Fil: Tironi Farinati, Alicia Carla Flavia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Geoghegan, Patricia A.. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Cangelosi, Adriana. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Pinto, Alipio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Fisiología. Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología; ArgentinaFil: Loidl, Cesar Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias.;Fil: Goldstein, Jorge. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Fisiología. Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología; Argentin

Determinants of tuberculosis incidence in East Asia and Pacific: A panel regression analysis

Background and Methodology: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s deadliest communicable diseases. To circumvent surges of TB cases, several studies have been carried out analyzing the determinants of TB incidence and recommended policy measures based on the significant indicators. Although the determinants were suggested for strategic planning of TB, the implementation of new measures was either unsuccessful or difficult to realize because of logistical, administrative, and financial constraints. This ecological multinational-based study aims to unravel potential determinants of TB incidence across 23 countries in East Asia and Pacific for a five year-period (2010-2014). Carbon dioxide emission, PM2.5 air pollution exposure, unemployment (percent of total labor force), percent of people using at least basic sanitation services, percent of people practicing open defecation, health expenditure (percent of GDP), and out-of-pocket health expenditure are included as the determinants of TB incidence. The disentangling of possible association between variables was carried out using panel regression analysis. Findings: For every one unit increase in microgram per cubic meter of PM2.5 pollution, in the unemployment percentage of total labor force, and in the percentage of out-of-pocket health expenditure, the rate of TB cases per 100,000 population was predicted to be 4.617, 13.504, and 3.467 higher, respectively, holding other variables constant. On the other hand, for every one unit increase in the kiloton of CO2 emission and in the percent of people using at least basic sanitation services, the rate of TB cases per 100,000 population was predicted to be 0.00003828 and 4.457 lower, respectively. Percent of people practicing open defecation and health expenditure (percent of GDP) did not significantly influence TB incidence. Interpretation: The study suggests how an increase in unemployment consequently increases TB incidence across the countries. Proper implementation of programs that could promote proper hygiene is essential to increase adherence of people to basic sanitation practices. Based on the study, this is an important factor in mitigating higher incidence of TB. Therefore, strategies may be formulated to either maintain or improve this determinant in order to significantly reduce TB cases. Finally, concerted efforts may be developed to decrease emission of hazardous finer particles from residential, industrial, and agricultural burning, in order to control tuberculosis

A Structural Model of Organizational Commitment among Higher Education Economics Educators

This study was conducted to explore a structural model of organizational commitment among higher education Economics educators. Using a cross-sectional survey design, a sample of 871 higher education Economics educators were recruited to answer questionnaires. A structural model of organizational commitment among higher education Economics educators was developed with acceptable indices. Organizational commitment was highly correlated with leadership behavior and burnout. When predictive values were assessed, leadership behavior and burnout were found to positively influence the organizational commitment among higher education Economics educators in the Philippines. The findings significantly substantiate the body of knowledge pertaining to Economics education. Discussion of the pertinent findings and implications for future studies were laid in this paper

A Structural Model of Organizational Commitment among Higher Education Economics Educators

This study was conducted to explore a structural model of organizational commitment among higher education Economics educators. Using a cross-sectional survey design, a sample of 871 higher education Economics educators were recruited to answer questionnaires. A structural model of organizational commitment among higher education Economics educators was developed with acceptable indices. Organizational commitment was highly correlated with leadership behavior and burnout. When predictive values were assessed, leadership behavior and burnout were found to positively influence the organizational commitment among higher education Economics educators in the Philippines. The findings significantly substantiate the body of knowledge pertaining to Economics education. Discussion of the pertinent findings and implications for future studies were laid in this paper