Prospek Pemberdayaan Perempuan Di Desa Tumiyang Kabupaten Banyumas (Studi Evaluasi Implementasi Program P2mpd) Prospect of Women Empowerment in Tumiyang Village of Banyumas Regency (Evaluation Study of the Implementation P2mpd Program)

Perempuan telah berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam setiap tahapan kegiatan program P2MPD. Partisipasi perempuan tersebut tidak berawal dari kesadaran, tetapi lebih karena memenuhi ketentuan program dan pelaksana. Pada tahapan selanjutnya partisipasi perempuan telah dilandasi keinginan untuk belajar dan memenuhi kepercayaan pemilih. Faktor-faktor penghambat proses pemberdayaan perempuan adalah belum ada kesepakatan di antara para pelaksana program; mekanisme yang “memaksa” perempuan berpartisipasi sebagai anggota Tim Sembilan; masih besar peran aparatur desa dan pelaksana program; Program lebih berorientasi pada aspek fisik; masih besarnya orientasi pemerintah desa pada elit desa dan elit organisasi desa; kurangnya dukungan keluarga terhadap keterlibatan perempuan dalam kegiatan Tim Sembilan dan program P2MPD. Sedangkan faktor-faktor pendukungnya adalah ketegasan prinsip pemberdayaan perempuan pada program mampu mendorong partisipasi perempuan dalam Tim Sembilan dan pelaksanaan program P2MPD; anggota perempuan Tim Sembilan mempunyai kemauan untuk belajar

The Effects of Changing Membrane Compositions and Internal Electrolytes on the Respon of Potassium Ion Sensor

A study on the changing of membrane compositions and internal solution towards the response potassium ion sensor was carried out. Potassium ion sensor based on photocured cross linking poly(n-butyl acrylate) membranes with varying composition of valinomycin (val), sodium tetrakis [3.5-bis(trifluoro-methyl) phenyl] borat (NaTFPB), types ion of internal solution were investigated. Effects of varying composition of val, NaTFPB, types and concentration of internal solution were observed on potassium ion sensor. The effect of higher val composition was lower LOD, wider linear range, lower sensitivity but increase selectivity. Higher NaTFPB compositions lead to lower LOD, higher sensitivity and selectivity. The effect of changing internal electrolyte lead to lower LOD, wider linear response range and higher selectivity according to internal electrolyte consisting Na+, Ca2+ and K+, and sensitivity increase following internal electrolyte with Ca2+, K+ and Na+

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Peternakan (Studi Kasus Tentang Gerbang Anak Desa di Desa Sumingkir dan Desa Limbangan Kabupaten Dati II Purbalingga)

The research dealing with the implementation of animal husbandry development policy is initiated from "the success" of livestock improvement pattern established by the people of Sumingkir Village, which is then developed and decided the Local Government Purbalingga as Gerbang Anak Desa policy, i.e the policy of animal husbandry development and the effort to improve breeders' prosperity in Purbalingga Regency. Before Gerbang Anak Desa policy was implemented in Purbalingga Regency entirely, it was implemented in two pilot villages. Such policy works and "survives" up to now in one ofthe pilot villages, while in another pilot village, it only worked for a year. Although the implementation of Gerbang Anak Desa in on of the pilot villages failed, it does not reduce the enthusiasm of the Local Government to insist on implementing the policy in all Purbalingga Regencies. With regards to "the success" and the failure of the policy implementation, it must be interesting to study : why is a livestock improvement pattern performed by the people of a village able to develop ? how does the process of livestock improvement pattern performed by such people become Gerbang Anak Desa policy ? why is the implementation of Gerbang Anak Desa in a certain village able to work, meanwhile in another village, it did not work anymore (failed) ? how is the prospect of Gerbang Anak Desa if it is implemented in other villages of the entire regencies ? and whether Gerbang Anak Desa may be used as alternative model of poverty alleviation. While the purpose of this research is to describe and to provide the answers to the research questions above. This research applied qualitative approach in the form of case study. The data collection was conducted with intensive interview technique, observation, and documentation. The location of research is Sumingkir and Limbangan Villages Purbalingga Regency. The data analysis was conducted by applying the analysis developed by Strauss and Corbin, namely by open coding, axial coding, and selective coding procedures. To determine the validity of the data, the examination technique was applied based on the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. The result of the study indicated that the livestock improvement established by the people stated above may grow because of the support of individual motivation and people's openness to obtain external new ideas. The success in distributing domestic chicken improvement pattern to other areas is influenced by the success of such improvement pattern among pioneer people. The formulation process of Gerbang Anak Desa policy is not a respond of the problems existing among society, however it tends to be the interest of the local government, and its formulation process is dominated by local government. The implementation of Gerbang Anak Desa which runs well resulted from the fact that the program came from and supported by the motivation of the people themselves. The failure in implementing Gerbang Anak Desa in another area was caused by the fact that the program came from and "being forced" by the governmental agency, as well as the lack of motivation from the people themselves. The prospect of the success in implementing Gerbang Anak Desa and at the same time the passibility to make it as alternative model of poverty alleviation will be difficult to be realized, since it is not supported by: finacial resources, the readiness of human resources, the certainty of the location, the ability of the human resources, the security of the location ; as well as the tendency of the implementation which is more authority approach, top-down style, and does not create group autonomy

Studi Tentang Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Petani Miskin Di Desa Gerduren Kecamatan Purwojati Kabupaten Banyumas Study of Empowerment on Poor Farmers Community in the Village of Gerduren, Purwojati Subdistrict, Banyumas District

Pemberdayaan masyarakat tani miskin adalah suatu aktifitas yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kehidupan mereka. Dalam kegiatan pemberdayaan ini dilakukan oleh aparat desa, Perhutani maupun Lembaga Sawadaya Masyarakat (LSM). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemberdayaan para petani miskin di desa Gerduren. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang didukung dengan pendekatan metode interaksi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, maka ditemukan hal-hal sebagai berikut: Pertama, bahwa persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemberdayaan petani miskin tidak mempunyai keseragaman. Sebab, salah satu pihak menyatakan bahwa suatu kegiatan disebut sebagai suatu pemberdayaan, sedangkan di pihak yang lain menyatakan bahwa kegiatan tersebut bukan sebagai pemberdayaan. Kedua, pemberdayaan masyarakat tani miskin dilaksanakan dengan metode yang tidak terprogram sebelumnya, sehingga pelaksanaan bantuan kurang menyentuh esensi pemberdayaan yang sebenarnya, yaitu melepaskan diri dari kemiskinan dan keterbelakangan. Ketiga, Pemberdayaan pada umumnya tidak dilakukan secara sistemik, sehingga dalam pemberian bantuan stimulan, seperti pemberian benih maupun penjualan beras murah, tidak memberikan motivasi untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki para petani. Hal ini karena tidak ada kegiatan pemberdayaan yang dijalankan secara kontinyu, baik oleh aparatur desa, Perhutani maupun LSM