Defining spatial housing submarkets: Exploring the case for expert delineated boundaries

Although there are numerous reasons for real estate analysts to construct spatial housing submarkets, there is little clarity about how this might best be done in practice. The existing literature offers a variety of techniques including those based on principal components analysis, cluster analysis and a range of other statistical procedures. This paper asks whether, given their market expertise and their role in disseminating information, shaping search patterns and informing bid formation, real estate agents might offer an effective but less data intensive method of submarket construction. The empirical research is based on an experiment that compares the predictive of different sets of submarket boundaries constructed by using either standard statistical methods or through consultation with real estate agents and other market analysts. The analysis draws on housing transactions data from Istanbul, Turkey. While the results do not demonstrate the outright superiority of any single method, they do suggest that expert-defined boundaries tend to perform at least as well as alternative construction techniques. Importantly, the results suggest that agent-based methods for delineating submarket boundaries might be used with a degree of confidence by real estate analysts and planners in market contexts where rich micro-datasets are not readily available. This has been one of the constraints internationally on wider adoption of submarket boundaries as an analytical tool

Investigation of probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from sourdoughs from different regions of Turkey

Abstract In this study, 14 yeast cultures from 62 isolates from traditional sourdoughs collected from 6 different regions of Turkey were selected by FT-IR identification and characterised to reveal their probiotic properties. Four yeast strains were genotypically identified and compared with FT-IR identification. In all analyses, it was observed that mostly Saccaromyces cerevisiae strain exhibited high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation feature, and all yeast isolates in this study showed tolerance to 0.3%, even salt concentration. In addition, all yeast strains were susceptible to anti-yeasts agents, although they were resistant to all antibiotics used in the study. All selected yeast isolates exhibited high antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, this study investigated the potential probiotic properties of yeast strains isolated from sourdough.</jats:p

Potential, thresholds and threats of tourism development in Bodrum Peninsula (Turkey)

Although Turkey has a variety of tourism attractions such as natural, historical and architectural heritage, "sea, sun, sand" factors have been the main components of tourism revenues. Especially after the realization of the problems of mass tourism towards coastal areas in the Mediterranean destination countries, Turkey has also evaluated the tourism development process with its spatial, environmental and socio-economic implications

Investigation of probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from sourdoughs from different regions of Turkey

In this study, 14 yeast cultures from 62 isolates from traditional sourdoughs collected from 6 different regions of Turkey were selected by FT-IR identification and characterised to reveal their probiotic properties. Four yeast strains were genotypically identified and compared with FT-IR identification. In all analyses, it was observed that mostly Saccaromyces cerevisiae strain exhibited high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation feature, and all yeast isolates in this study showed tolerance to 0.3%, even salt concentration. In addition, all yeast strains were susceptible to anti-yeasts agents, although they were resistant to all antibiotics used in the study. All selected yeast isolates exhibited high antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, this study investigated the potential probiotic properties of yeast strains isolated from sourdough

Synthesis and structural characterisation of various organosilane-organogermane and organosilane-organostannane statistical copolymers by the Wurtz reductive coupling polymerisation: Sn-119 NMR and EXAFS characterisation of the stannane copolymers

A number of polysilane-based copolymers with organogermanes and organostannanes have been prepared by the Wurtz-type reductive coupling of the corresponding dichlorodiorgano group 14 precursors. The copolymers synthesised were poly(di-n-butylgermane-c-o-methylphenylsilane), poly(di-n-butylgermane-co-n-hexylmethylsilane), poly(di-nbutylstannane-co-methylphenylsilane) and poly(methylphenylsilane-co-diphenylgermane). Poly(di-n-butylsilane) and poly(di-n-butylgermane) were also synthesised by the room temperature polymerisation of the dichloro-precursors in THF at room temperature and obtained in the highest reported yields to date from a Wurtz-type polymerisation. The polymers and copolymers were characterised by H-1, C-13, Si-29 and Sn-119 NMR spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The Si-29 and Sn-119 NMR spectroscopic data provided unambiguous evidence for the incorporation of germane and stannane units into the predominantly polysilane backbones. The Sn-119 analysis is the first reported for such copolymers. UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated that increasing the molar ratios of stannane:silane in the final copolymer led to a red-shift in the observed broad absorption peak. One of the organosilane-organostannane copolymers (PMPS-co-BuSn 2) was analysed by extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscope (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). Bond lengths were obtained for Sn-Sn (2.82 angstrom), Sn-Si (2.58 angstrom) and Sn-C (2.15 angstrom) and they correspond to those expected for Sri based compounds

Solution DFWM chi((3)) non-linear optical properties of poly[(arylene)silylene]s and poly[(arylene)(ethynylene)silylene]s containing tetra- or hypercoordinate silicon

The third-order optical nonlinearities of a series of conjugated poly[(arylene)(ethynylene)silylene]s, and also of a complementary series of poly[(arylene)silylene] statistical copolymers without acetylene groups, have been studied in chloroform solution by using the degenerate four-wave mixing technique with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser-oscillator at 1064 nm and a pulse duration of ca. 6 ns. The polymers contain a variety of arylene groups including carbazole and anthracene. The electronic and nuclear contributions of the chi((3)) susceptibility and the thermal nonlinearity of the solutions were separated. The chi((3)) susceptibilities of some poly[(arylene)(ethynylene)silylene]s were found to be as high as \Re chi((3))\=0.95x10(-10) esu for solutions of concentration 50 g l(-1). The results show that the presence of a single 8-(dimethylamino)naphthyl ligand at silicon affording pentacoordination has a beneficial effect on the chi((3)) properties. Comparison of the results for the poly[(arylene)silylene]s with those for the poly[(arylene)(ethynylene)silylene]s suggests that the absence of acetylene groups in the former case has in general a deleterious effect on the chi((3)) properties. Confirmation of the order of magnitude of the non-linear response has been confirmed by Z-scan measurements with picosecond laser pulses on hybrid sol-gel silica films of two of the poly[(arylene)(ethynylene)silylene]s containing arylene amide groups