Turbocharger Structural Integrity

Since the introduction of Euro VI in January 2014, all new diesel powered commercial vehicles have been equipped with turbocharged engines. It is virtually impossible to meet these emission regulations without using a turbocharger. Similarly, in the passenger car sector both on diesel and petrol (gasoline) powered vehicles, legislative pressure to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide are seeing the introduction of turbochargers across almost all new power units. Future legislation will continue this trend with engine manufacturers becoming increasingly reliant on turbocharging. As well as increasing the requirement for turbochargers, these external factors are also demanding that turbochargers become more responsive with reduced rotor inertia and lower thermal inertias. This in turn makes the task of ensuring that turbocharger components remain fit for purpose for the life of the turbocharger that much more difficult. In this paper some of the recent developments in turbocharger technology will be identified and the demands that these place on the structural components will be explored. The limitations of current methods of structural integrity assessment for some of these components will be discussed. Future developments of these methods will then be proposed

Evidence that indirect inhibition of saccade initiation improves saccade accuracy

Saccadic eye-movements to a visual target are less accurate if there are distracters close to its location (local distracters). The addition of more distracters, remote from the target location (remote distracters), invokes an involuntary increase in the response latency of the saccade and attenuates the effect of local distracters on accuracy. This may be due to the target and distracters directly competing (direct route) or to the remote distracters acting to impair the ability to disengage from fixation (indirect route). To distinguish between these we examined the development of saccade competition by recording saccade latency and accuracy responses made to a target and local distracter compared with those made with an addition of a remote distracter. The direct route would predict that the remote distracter impacts on the developing competition between target and local distracter, while the indirect route would predict no change as the accuracy benefit here derives from accessing the same competitive process but at a later stage. We found that the presence of the remote distracter did not change the pattern of accuracy improvement. This suggests that the remote distracter was acting along an indirect route that inhibits disengagement from fixation, slows saccade initiation, and enables more accurate saccades to be made

Irregularity in the growth of the salmon

In the proceedings of the Zool. Soc. of London for 1870, Part 1, which reached our library only a few weeks back, I find a paper by Dr. James Murie, F.L.S. , Prosector of the Society, entitled "Additional Memoranda as to Irregularity in the Growth of Salmon," so completely bearing out my often expressed conviction that the difficulty of determining the various species of the salmonidse from immature specimens amounts almost to an impossibility, that an extract may prove interesting

Net-fishing in the Derwent

During the months of November, December, and January, when the freshets caused by the winter's rains having subsided, and the tidal waters get low and brackish, shoals of fish commence running up from Storm Bay and the open coast into the estuary of the River Derwent, for the purpose of depositing spawn in the shallow landlocked bays, which abound from Rosny and Macquarie Point upwards. Of such fish, the most valuable are Flounders and Soles; the other being Bream, Mullet, Mackerel, Native Salmon, Kingfish, and a few species of comparatively minor importance. No exact season can be fixed for the spawning of any of these fish, the time of the deposition of the ova varying in different years from causes of which naturalists are at present ignorant ; and even in the same summer, many weeks often elapse between the deposition of the first and last spawn of each particular species. The parent fish having deposited the spawn, remain in the river, safe from the attack of their more formidable marine enemies, till their strength is recruited, and return to the sea with the first floods of winter

The salmon trout

Much doubt having been expressed by scientific men in England as to whether young fish have really been reared in this colony from one species of migratory salmon, viz., the salmon trout (Salmo trutta), without allowing the parent fish first to make the usual journey to sea, it was thought advisable to send one of such parent fish (which had twice deposited ova) to England, for the examination of all persons interested in that which will probably prove the most useful discovery in pisciculture yet made

Report of the late successful experiment for the introduction of Salmon ova and Sea Trout ova to Tasmania

On the 8th day of February last the ship Lincolnshire left Plymouth bound for Melbourne, having on board about 103,000 salmon and 15,000 sea trout ova stowed in an icehouse of rather larger capacity, but of much the same construction as that built in the ship Norfolk for the same purpose two years ago. The whole of the arrangements for shipping were superintended by Mr. James A. Youl, who again exhibited the determined zeal upon which so much depended in the former experiment. The method of packing the ova in the boxes, and the boxes in the ice-house, has been so thoroughly explained to the Fellows of this Society in the account given of the former experiment that I need not again give the details. After a rather long passage of 79 days, the Lincolnshire arrived in Hobson's Bay, on the 30th of April last, the ova and ice were at once transhipped to the steamship Victoria, again most liberally placed at the disposal of the Tasmanian Salmon Commissioners by the Victorian Government, and arrived in the Derwent on the 4th May, and by 8 p.m. on the following day the last of the ova were placed in the hatching boxes at the Plenty, the water, by the help of the remaining ice, being reduced to 4.5 Fahr

The Platypus

The majority of our indigenous mammals are gradually but surely becoming extinct, and, therefore, observations on their habits of life, though possibly of but trivial interest now, will in a few generations, be eagerly sought for and be as valuable then as a few authentic notes on the manners and customs of the Dodo or the Moa would now be to us

Further notes on the salmon experiment

Since our last meeting, namely, on 19th October last, the handsome fish, now exhibited, was taken by a seine net in lower Sandy Bay. This specimen, though rather larger, is in every minute particular identical with that sent to Dr. Giinther early in 1870, and by him pronounced to present all the characters by which the true salmon (Salmo salar) is distinguishable from its nearest allies. Of course all the arguments used to prove that the fish of 1870 was bred in the colony, and could not have been the produce of an English egg, apply with much more force to the present specimen

Some further notes on the introduction of the salmon into Tasmanian waters

On the 4th of December last there was captured in a tidepool at Bridgewater, a fish which the Salmon Commissioners have decided to be a true salmon (Salmo salar) in the grilse stage, that is on its first return from sea, and acting on such decision the Government have paid to the captor, Mr. Joseph Cronley, the promised reward of 30 pounds

Account of the recent successful introduction of the salmon ova to Tasmania

At the request of Mr, William Ramsbottom, I have now the pleasure of giving to the Fellows of the Royal Society, a detailed account of the recent successful introduction of salmon ova to our waters, but before doing so, I wish to call attention to the fact that the Council and Fellows of this Society were the first to recognise the vast importance of this undertaking to the best interests of Tasmania, and to take practical measures to ensure its success