Hochqualitative und nährstoffreiche Lebensmittel durch aus Gemüseabfällen gewonnene Biostimulanzien und Biopestiziden

Eine weit verbreitete Anwendung von persistierenden, synthetischen Pestiziden in der Landwirtschaft stellt ein erhebliches Risiko für die Biodiversität und die Umwelt dar. Darüber hinaus werden Pestizide von der Allgemeinheit als problematisch angesehen und die Öffentlichkeit setzt sich vermehrt für Produkte ein, die frei von persistierenden Pestiziden sind. Landwirt*innen stehen vor der Aufgabe, sich mit diesen Sorgen auseinanderzusetzen und ein nachhaltiges Gleichgewicht zwischen „umweltfreundlicher“ und „profitabler“ Pflanzenproduktion zu finden. Um die Bedenken der Landwirt*innen und Verbraucher*innen zu berücksichtigen, ist es notwendig, neue Wege zu finden, um die Ernteerträge zu sichern, Nahrungs- und Ernteabfälle zu minimieren und Gemüse und Obst mit gesundheitsfördernden Eigenschaften zu produzieren. Im Rahmen des Bio4Food-Projekts wurden diese drei Gesichtspunkte behandelt und es wurde eine Strategie zur Wiederverwertung von Ernterückständen verfolgt. Vom ILU wurden daher Ernterückstände von Tomaten, Fenchel, Artischocke, Basilikum und Petersilie verwendet, um biostimulierende und biopestizid wirkende Extrakte herzustellen. Besonders die Extrakte aus Basilikumrückständen waren reich an phenolischen Verbindungen und wiesen eine hohe antioxidative Kapazität auf – im Vergleich zu den Extrakten der anderen Reststoffe . Von Projektpartnern aus Belgien und Italien wurden die Extrakte im Labor, sowie in Feldversuchen getestet. Petersilienextrakte zeigten vor allem gegen pflanzenpathogene Pilze eine hemmende Wirkung in Laborversuchen. Beim Anbau von Fenchelpflanzen konnte ein Petersilienextrakt den Ertrag und den Mineralstoffgehalt der geernteten Knollen, im Vergleich zu unbehandelten Fenchelpflanzen, steigern

Developing a job related social skills curriculum for the adult retarded

The purpose of this project was to develop a curriculum for teaching social/personal skills necessary for work placement and adjustment to a group of adult working retarded. Twelve adult retarded, participating in a Comprehensive Employment Training Act (CETA) program at the Golden Oak Adult School, Newhall, Ca., attended classes for 6 weeks, 6 hours a week, in which the sole emphasis was on the reinforcement and strengthening of skills necessary for successful work adjustment. The curriculum emphasized concrete and abstract concepts incorporated into learning situations based on realistic, individually related work experiences. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the learning experience was to be accomplished by comparing the results of a pre and posttest and by subjective evaluation at the end of the 6 week course and at the end of a six month successful placement in a work situation. The results of the pre and post tests and the subjective evaluation at the end of the course showed that at least one third of the group needed no further training in the skills, but did need some continued reinforcement in this area. Another third greatly improved in benefit from additional social/personal skills but most likely would further training. The lowest third needed time and training in this area before they would retain the skills at an acceptable level for successful work adjustment. It was concluded that the curriculum could be improved by heavier emphasis on use of multi-media materials. The project suggested that because of the complexity of the needs of the students and the many variables beyond a teacher's control, it is extremely difficult to design a fully adequate curriculum for the adult working retarded.Includes bibliographical references (pages 60-67)California State University, Northridge. Department of Education

An Abundance of Boys: Addressing the Factors that Cause Gender Disproportionality in Special Education

The gender distribution in special education is skewed heavily toward boys, who outnumber girls at an overall rate of 2 to 1. The decision to place a student in special education programming has severe implications, whether it be positive or negative. In order to better understand why this ratio exists, it is necessary to determine the reasons behind the disproportion. Some of the main causative factors for gender disproportion in special education fall under the umbrella of genetics, physiology, and school structure. It appears that boys are overrepresented in special education, conversely it appears that girls are underrepresented, both of which are excruciatingly difficult to measure. Though the reasons for it are complex, both boys and girls stand to benefit from reducing gender disproportion. Boys may benefit most from reducing overrepresentation, while girls may benefit most from reducing underrepresentation. Because there are multiple reasons that factor into the disproportion, the solutions to address the issue are multiple as well. Through concerted effort in applying multiple solutions to address genetics, physiological differences, and school structure, it is possible for gender disproportion in special education to be reduced, thus benefiting all students

Design Tradeoffs in the Development of the Advanced Multispectral Simulation Test Acceptance Resource (AMSTAR) HWIL Facilities

ABSTRACT The Army's Advanced Multispectral Simulation Test Acceptance Resource (AMSTAR) is a suite of missile HardwareIn-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation / test capabilities designed to support testing from concept through production. This paper presents the design tradeoffs that were conducted in the development of the AMSTAR sensor stimulators and the flight motion simulators. The AMSTAR facility design includes systems to stimulate each of the Millimeter Wave (MMW), Infrared (IR), and Semi-Active Laser (SAL) sensors. The flight motion simulator (FMS) performance was key to the success of the simulation but required many concessions to accommodate the design considerations for the trimode stimulation systems

Identifying Pathways and Processes Affecting Nitrate and Orthophosphate Inputs to Streams in Agricultural Watersheds

Understanding nutrient pathways to streams will improve nutrient management strategies and estimates of the time lag between when changes in land use practices occur and when water quality eff ects that result from these changes are observed. Nitrate and orthophosphate (OP) concentrations in several environmental compartments were examined in watersheds having a range of base fl ow index (BFI) values across the continental United States to determine the dominant pathways for water and nutrient inputs to streams. Estimates of the proportion of stream nitrate that was derived from groundwater increased as BFI increased. Nitrate concentration gradients between groundwater and surface water further supported the groundwater source of nitrate in these high BFI streams. However, nitrate concentrations in stream-bed pore water in all settings were typically lower than stream or upland groundwater concentrations, suggesting that nitrate discharge to streams was not uniform through the bed. Rather, preferential pathways (e.g., springs, seeps) may allow high nitrate groundwater to bypass sites of high biogeochemical transformation. Rapid pathway compartments (e.g., overland fl ow, tile drains) had OP concentrations that were typically higher than in streams and were important OP conveyers in most of these watersheds. In contrast to nitrate, the proportion of stream OP that is derived from ground water did not systematically increase as BFI increased. While typically not the dominant source of OP, groundwater discharge was an important pathway of OP transport to streams when BFI values were very high and when geochemical conditions favored OP mobility in groundwater