Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn and Soybean Competition and Control

The continuous use of glyphosate-resistant crops has resulted in volunteer crops with the same herbicide resistance as the cash crop and an increasing weed problem. Volunteer corn reduces soybean yields however; little research has examined corn yield loss due to volunteer corn or volunteer soybean competition. These studies investigated yield loss and control of volunteer soybean in corn, and volunteer corn in soybean and corn. Using several densities of competitive plants, the yield loss was fit to a hyperbolic equation that indicated incremental yield loss (I value) to be 29.9 for volunteer corn in soybeans, 5.6 for volunteer corn in corn, and 3.2 for volunteer soybeans in corn. These data indicate that yield loss due to volunteer corn in soybean was six times greater than yield loss due to volunteer corn in corn and about ten times greater than yield loss due to volunteer soybean in corn. Reduced rates of clethodim resulted in partial control of volunteer corn in soybeans. Soybean yield loss was observed with 12.7 or 25.5 g a.i. ha-1 clethodim however, 51 g a.i. ha-1 clethodim showed minimal soybean yield loss. Glufosinate with a reduced rate of graminicide proved to be an option for excellent (\u3e90%) to good (\u3e80

Best Practices for Public Health and Behavioral Health Collaboration Following Disasters to Enhance Community Resiliency

Disasters have the potential to create massive public health devastation and overwhelming psychosocial impact within communities in which they occur. Since the events of September 11, 2001, behavioral health has become more integrated with public health preparations and response to disasters. Yet there can be challenges between public health\u27s population-wide focus of protecting and restoring community wellness and behavioral health\u27s focus on treating mental health symptoms of individuals. Evidence suggests that integrated, multidisciplinary approaches including the community itself are best to address the needs of those most at risk and restore a community\u27s resiliency, yet best practices for doing so are lacking. A model of public health interventions was utilized to demonstrate avenues for enhanced and collective action between public and behavioral health sectors in order to speed community resiliency and cohesion following disasters

Calibration of Photomultiplier Tubes for the Fluorescence Detector of Telescope Array Experiment using a Rayleigh Scattered Laser Beam

We performed photometric calibration of the PhotoMultiplier Tube (PMT) and readout electronics used for the new fluorescence detectors of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment using Rayleigh scattered photons from a pulsed nitrogen laser beam. The experimental setup, measurement procedure, and results of calibration are described. The total systematic uncertainty of the calibration is estimated to be 7.2%. An additional uncertainty of 3.7% is introduced by the transport of the calibrated PMTs from the laboratory to the TA experimental site.Comment: 43 pages, 15 figure

Does Online Cross-border Shopping Affect State Use Tax Liabilities?

How does online cross-border shopping affect state use tax liabilities? We collect our own data on actual online cross-border shopping transactions from eBay.com, focusing upon a “representative” commodity classification and a “typical” day. These data allow us to examine the extent of actual online crossborder shopping by buyers, and the subsequent potential impact on state use tax liabilities of buyers. Our results indicate that online cross-border shopping is highly prevalent on eBay, with out-of-state purchases accounting for on average 94 percent of the volume of a state’s online purchase transactions. Even so, given the limited volume of eBay-based transactions relative to total sales transactions, the likely impact of cross-border transactions on state use tax revenue streams is negligible, even if we assume full buyer compliance with state use taxes

Perspectives on an ALKS Model in SUMO

The UNECE regulation R157 [1] describes the requirements for a successful implementation of an approvable ALKS (Automated Lane-Keeping System) in great detail. This paper reviews some of the content of this document and describes the first steps that would be needed on how to implement such an ALKS as another driver model into the open source microscopic traffic flow simulator SUMO

Arbeiteraristokratie und Lumpenproletariat in Georg Weerths Skizzen aus dem sozialen und politischen Leben der Briten

Georg Weerth gehört zu den eher unbekannten Autoren im Vormärz. Dabei gilt der Dichter, Journalist, international tätige Kaufmann und Sozialist als Freund von Marx und Engels. Die Untersuchung widmet sich der im Forschungsfeld der literarischen Ökonomik und auch in der aktuellen Weerth- und Vormärzforschung artikulierten Frage nach der begrifflichen und sozialen Konstitution eines Kollektivs namens „Arbeiterschaft“ im Mutterland der Industrialisierung. Dass diese Klasse in sich differenziert war, darauf weisen schon Marx und Engels im Kommunistischen Manifest mit ihrer Rede vom „Lumpenproletariat“, der nicht arbeitenden Unterschicht, und Marx 1867 im Kapital mit dem Begriff der „Arbeiteraristokratie“ hin. Weerth findet in den Skizzen (1843–1848) ein plastisches Bild für die dynamischen Binnendifferenzierungen der Arbeiterschaft: In der Allegorie vom Baum der englischen Glückseligkeit stellt er den sozialen Stoffwechsel in der kapitalistisch geprägten Moderne nach dem Modell eines botanischen Organismus dar. Den sozialen Fragen begegnet er literarisch in einer modern anmutenden Collagetechnik und schildert vor dem Problemhorizont der durch „Hungerlöhne“ verursachten Armut die Arbeiterschaft emphatisch nicht nur nach materiellen, sondern auch nach kulturellen und ethnischen Distinktionsmerkmalen

A multi-model approach to evaluate the role of environmental variability and fishing pressure in sardine fisheries

Understanding the fluctuations in population abundance is a central question in fisheries. Sardine fisheries is of great importance to Portugal and is data-rich and of primary concern to fisheries managers. In Portugal, sub-stocks of Sardina pilchardus (sardine) are found in different regions: the Northwest (IXaCN), Southwest (IXaCS) and the South coast (IXaS-Algarve). Each of these sardine sub-stocks is affected differently by a unique set of climate and ocean conditions, mainly during larval development and recruitment, which will consequently affect sardine fisheries in the short term. Taking this hypothesis into consideration we examined the effects of hydrographic (river discharge), sea surface temperature, wind driven phenomena, upwelling, climatic (North Atlantic Oscillation) and fisheries variables (fishing effort) on S. pilchardus catch rates (landings per unit effort, LPUE, as a proxy for sardine biomass). A 20-year time series (1989-2009) was used, for the different subdivisions of the Portuguese coast (sardine sub-stocks). For the purpose of this analysis a multi-model approach was used, applying different time series models for data fitting (Dynamic Factor Analysis, Generalised Least Squares), forecasting (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), as well as Surplus Production stock assessment models. The different models were evaluated, compared and the most important variables explaining changes in LPUE were identified. The type of relationship between catch rates of sardine and environmental variables varied across regional scales due to region-specific recruitment responses. Seasonality plays an important role in sardine variability within the three study regions. In IXaCN autumn (season with minimum spawning activity, larvae and egg concentrations) SST, northerly wind and wind magnitude were negatively related with LPUE. In IXaCS none of the explanatory variables tested was clearly related with LPUE. In IXaS-Algarve (South Portugal) both spring (period when large abundances of larvae are found) northerly wind and wind magnitude were negatively related with LPUE, revealing that environmental effects match with the regional peak in spawning time. Overall, results suggest that management of small, short-lived pelagic species, such as sardine quotas/sustainable yields, should be adapted to a regional scale because of regional environmental variability