A Framework to Detect the Susceptibility of Employees to Social Engineering Attacks

Social engineering attacks (SE-attacks) in enterprises are hastily growing and are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Generally, SE-attacks involve the psychological manipulation of employees into revealing confidential and valuable company data to cybercriminals. The ramifications could bring devastating financial and irreparable reputation loss to the companies. Because SE-attacks involve a human element, preventing these attacks can be tricky and challenging and has become a topic of interest for many researchers and security experts. While methods exist for detecting SE-attacks, our literature review of existing methods identified many crucial factors such as the national cultural, organizational, and personality traits of employees that enable SE-attacks not considered by the other researchers. Thus, this thesis aims to address the gap by identifying and analyzing all the factors that make the SE-attack possible. We have developed a framework that operates in an enterprise environment and can detect the susceptibility of victims to SE-attacks. It relies on mapping Gragg’s psychological triggers of social engineering to three groups of factors, namely the national cultural factors, the organizational factors, and the personality traits of employees. Our analysis demonstrates that there is a correlation between the social engineering triggers and the three-layered factors that make employees susceptible to social engineering attacks. Thus, adding these factors in the proposed framework detects susceptibility of victims. Finally, we introduce a proposed framework that would detect and recognize weaknesses and susceptibility of employees in an organization which can be used for enhancing awareness and employee training to better recognize and prevent SE-attacks

Design and implementation of an English to Arabic machine translation (MEANA MT).

A new system for Arabic Machine Translation (called MEANA MT) has been built. This system is capable of the analysis of English language as a source and can convert the given sentences into Arabic. The designed system contains three sets of grammar rules governing the PARSING, TRANSFORMATION AND GENERATION PHASES. In the system, word sense ambiguity and some pragmatic patterns were resolved. A new two-way (Analysis/Generation) computational lexicon system dealing with the morphological analysis of the Arabic language has been created. The designed lexicon contains a set of rules governing the morphological inflection and derivation of Arabic nouns, verbs, verb "to be", verb "not to be" and pronouns. The lexicon generates Arabic word forms and their inflectional affixes such as plural and gender morphemes as well as attached pronouns, each according to its rules. It can not parse or generate unacceptable word inflections. This computational system is capable of dealing with vowelized Arabic words by parsing the vowel marks which are attached to the letters. Semantic value pairs were developed to show ~he word sense and other issues in morphology; e.g. genders, numbers and tenses. The system can parse and generate some pragmatic sentences and phrases like proper names, titles, acknowledgements, dates, telephone numbers and addresses. A Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) formalism is used to combine the syntactic, morphological and semantic features. The grammar rules of this system were implemented and compiled in COMMON. LISP based on Tomita's Generalised LR parsing algorithm, augmented by Pseudo and Full Unification packages. After parsing, sentence constituents of the English sentence are rep- _ resented as Feature Structures (F-Structures). These take part in the transfer and generation process which uses transformation' grammar rules to change the English F-Structure into Arabic F-Structure. These Arabic F-Structure features will be suitable for the Arabic generation grammar to build the required Arabic sentence. This system has been tested on three domains (sentences and phrases); the first is a selected children's story, the second semantic sentences and the third domain consists of pragmatic sentences. This research could be considered as a complete solution for a personal MT system for small messages and sublanguage domains

Pediatric Dermatology In Family Medicine: Common Conditions And Management Strategies

Among the most prevalent disorders are those related to the skin.  However, in medical education and training, this class of illnesses is frequently disregarded. The first line of defence for the treatment of common dermatological diseases is a family physician. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the particular identification, management, encountering, and referral practices related to dermatological illnesses in family care. We also looked into the challenges and opportunities that family doctors experience in family medicine and saw a few of the paediatric dermatological diseases that family doctors may encounter.  Finding areas of weakness in the clinical therapy of certain dermatological disorders, however, will be aided by assessing how family doctors treat particular ailments. Thus, this needs assessment might serve as a foundation for future research on the efficacy of family medicine in treating common paediatric dermatological problems as well as aid in the development of evidence-based training for family physicians in the area

Use of near-infrared systems for investigations of hemodynamics in human in vivo bone tissue: a systematic review

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.A range of technologies using near infrared (NIR) light have shown promise at providing real time measurements of hemodynamic markers in bone tissue in vivo, an exciting prospect given existing difficulties in measuring hemodynamics in bone tissue. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence for this potential use of NIR systems, establishing their potential as a research tool in this field. Major electronic databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using pre‐planned search strategies with broad scope for any in vivo use of NIR technologies in human bone tissue. Following identification of studies by title and abstract screening, full text inclusion was determined by double blind assessment using predefined criteria. Full text studies for inclusion were data extracted using a predesigned proforma and quality assessed. Narrative synthesis was appropriate given the wide heterogeneity of included studies. Eighty‐eight full text studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 57 addressing laser Doppler flowmetry (56 intra‐operatively), 21 near infrared spectroscopy, and 10 photoplethysmography. The heterogeneity of the methodologies included differing hemodynamic markers, measurement protocols, anatomical locations, and research applications, making meaningful direct comparisons impossible. Further, studies were often limited by small sample sizes with potential selection biases, detection biases, and wide variability in results between participants. Despite promising potential in the use of NIR light to interrogate bone circulation, the application of NIR systems in bone requires rigorous assessment of the reproducibility of potential hemodynamic markers and further validation of these markers against alternative physiologically relevant reference standards.This systematic review was supported by the College of Radiographers Industry Partnership Scheme (CORIPS) Doctoral Fellowship Grant (Applicant 003). The CORIPS are providing financial support but have no input into the design, performance or analysis of this systematic review. WDS, FC and CT would like to acknowledge the NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for the South West Peninsula. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health in England

Design and implementation of an English to Arabic machine translation (MEANA MT)

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN041925 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Development of nano-ceramic-TiO2+Al2O3 layers for increasing antibacterial effect on prosthetic implant

The infection of the titanium implants still remains a problem which is usually difficult to treat and may lead to eventual implant removal. As a result, preventive measures are necessary to mitigate implant-related infection; one important strategy is to render the implant surface antibacterial. The objective of the present study was to develop a biomedical material for preventing and reduction the effect of Escherichia coli bacteria type on the prosthetic implants; this was done by investigating the effect of the radioisotope with CO60 as the source of Gamma ray with thickness film of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) of (Alumina and titanium) coated on Ti6Al4V alloy by using RF magnetron sputtering for growth-inhibitory effect on Escherichia colibacteria. The TiO2 coated as mid layer between substrate Ti alloy and Al2O3to increase the adhesion between coated film and substrate, also to reduce thermal expansion mismatch between substrate and Al2O3layer. The nanoparticles size of Al2O3 was 380nm. The results refers that the increasing of the thickness (t) of coated exposure of Gamma ray lead to increase the absorption (A) of radiation and reflection (R). By increasing (R), the material of coated become as source for Gamma ray around environment to reduce the growth of bacteria. In this study, the Gamma ray and increasing thickness at very high concentrations Al2O3 layer with nanoparticle size380nm are contributed to reduce growth of Escherichia coli. The effect of inhibited bacteria increased with increasing thickness of thin film