Marmara Köşkü: Atatürk İçin Modern Çiftlik Evi

Established in 1925, the Gazi Pap Farm has shown a planned development during the 1930s with its complementary functions of agriculture, industry, accommodation, entertainment, and leisure. The Marmara Chalet built as resident for Ataturk is one of the primary structures of the Farm premises, which defines the qualification of the 'modernity project' at its own scale. This early-dated structure realized by the Swiss architect Ernst Arnold Egli between the years 1928-1929, one year after he came to Turkey, reveals how the era perceived 'the modern' as much as tendencies of the architecture of Egli, and how it reflected these modes of presence to design/construction processes, and decision mechanisms. On the other hand, it is the messenger of the effective position of Egli at the Gazi Forest Farm that persisted during the 1930s with respect to planning and construction. Marmara Chalet is a part of the public park where the Marmara Pool, one of the primary entertainment/leisure places of the farm, is located. The structure designed as a modern farmhouse is an important example of the Early Republican period residences, its location characteristics complying with contemporary lifestyle, and its components satisfying functions such as meeting, gathering in balls, along with residing; showing modern design understanding, use of new materials and techniques, and many other minor details. Besides the appearance of the Farm developed as a manufacturing center with the Beer Factory and auxiliary buildings that would later be built by Egli, the park with the pool and the chalet is one of the focuses which contributed and still contributes to divergence of the premises from the image of a traditional manufacturing site of manufacture to that of a cultural space. This design performed by Egli immediately after he arrived Turkey, is the product of the environment he has newly came to as a Western architect, and his quests in regard to creation of architecture complying with the expectations of the employer. The arched porch pattern on the structure that is not seen in other designs by Egli, suggests the dilemmas of the transformation process in the culture of architecture experienced in late 1920s in Turkey. While the structure carries characteristics of modern residences with its steep sloped roof specific to the geography where Egli came from, wooden shutter windows, symmetrical and plain facades, its porched ground floor, and the interior pattern complying with the new life aspiration of the era, it does not completely represent the cubic definition that answers the architectural form and language of the time. The manufacturing and trade spaces which became distinct in the Gazi Forest Farm experience, and the life circles and details offered therewith provide detailed and substantial information as to ideational and formal base of modernization. It is evident that the transforming function of the Gazi Forest Farm with its specific qualities, such as the concept of occupant/designer in modern housing as a fairly new experience, the Western design understanding perceiving the interior and exterior of the building as a whole, cannot be ignored. It is a must to understand, evaluate and preserve the Marmara Chalet as part of early Republican period architecture heritage, like several structures with different functions on the Ataturk Forest Farm. Thus it will contribute to understand the Farm as a multilayered information package with its environment and its buildings The study aims to evaluate Marmara Chalet in the light of the original visual and written documentation accessed primarily at the Ataturk Archive of the Presidential Residence, the Archive of the Ataturk Forest Farm, and sources of other relevant institutions, and personal archives.Publisher's Versio

Synthesen und strukturelle Studien neuartiger terpenbasierter C2-symmetrische Diole und Aminoalkohole für die enantioselektive Katalyse

Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit werden die Synthesewege und katalytischen Anwendungen neuer, auf (-)-Fenchon basierender chiraler Pyrrolidinreagenzien beschrieben. Ergänzend zu den praktischen Arbeiten, wurden zur Aufklärung der Stereoselektivitäten bei der Bildung von (2S)-N-Pyrrolidylfenchylcarbamat quantenmechanische Berechnungen durchgeführt, die das experimentelle Ergebnis unterstützten. In der enantioselektiven Diethylzink-Addition an das Benzaldeyhd zeigte das (2S)-N-Pyrrolidylfenchylcarbamat einen Enantiomerenüberschuss von bis zu 50%. Somit wurde ein Carbamat zum ersten Mal erfolgreich in einer enantioselektiven Katalyse eingesetzt. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit werden die Synthesen und Anwendungen neuartiger, terpenbasierter C2-symmetrische Diole beschrieben, deren Diastereoselektivität untersucht und ebenfalls durch quantenchemische Berechnungen bestätigt. Die synthetisierten Verbindungen wurden durch röntgenkristallographische Analysen charakterisiert

National sovereignty and space : Grand National Assembly of Türkiye

Kitap da ikinci dil olarak İngilizce kullanılmıştır

The Effects of Trade Wars on World Welfare

In this study, the effect of trade wars on global welfare is investigated. It is known that the USA and China mutually increased the data rates applied to some imported products. If many commodity groups are included in the trade wars, it is a matter of curiosity how the welfare level will be affected. In this study, the effects of restrictions or tax increases applied by countries on imported goods on welfare are examined. For this reason, we aimed to look at the trade wars between the world's largest economies, the USA and China, over some goods from a broad perspective. We also expanded our research and included the European Union, which is an important economic power, together with the USA and China. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of a possible trade war between the world's largest economies on both the welfare of the countries and the global welfare. According to the results we have obtained, trade wars negatively affect both the welfare level of countries and the global economy

Characterization of Hellenistic Period Megarian Bowls From Dorylaion

WOS: 000293717000007The excavation works being carried out since 1989 at Dorylaion (Eskisehir/Turkey) results in many findings belonging to different civilizations spanning from the First Bronze age to Ottoman period. One of the important groups of these findings is the moldmade bowls, familiarly known as the Megarian bowls from the Hellenistic period (330-30 B. C.). In a frame of an archaeometry project work, these artifacts were characterized with different analytical techniques. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study chemical and mineralogical composition of the bodies. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) were performed to make the estimation of firing temperature of the sherds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) were performed for the microstructural and microchemical characterization of body and slip layers of the selected potsherds. Based on the analyses results, the bowls should have been prepared from carbonated and siliceous clays and fired at the temperatures from 600 to 1000 degrees C. They have also iron-rich slip layers with different colors indicating probable adjustment of the redox conditions during firing. In addition, the effect of maximum firing temperature on microstructural characteristics was evaluated.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [106M463]This study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with the project number of 106M463

Spark plasma sintering of Si3N4-B4C composites

2nd International Symposium on SiAIONs and Non-Oxides -- DEC 02-05, 2007 -- Mie, JAPANWOS: 000256853400013In this study the production Of Si3N4-B4C Composites using spark plasma sintering technique was studied. This technique was preferred in order to minimize the reactions between starting constituents. Fully dense Si3N4 ceramic was obtained by SPS. The bulk densities of all the produced composites was found to be significantly less than that Of Si3N4, and this was attributed to the formation of the relatively low-density reaction products. In the B4C-containing composites there was a trend for the bulk density to increase slightly with decreasing particle size of B4C powder. Composites containing both B4C and TiO2 had somewhat higher bulk densities when compared with those just containing B4C. This was related to the formation of relatively high-density reaction products in significant amounts. The fine B4C added to the Si3N4 base composition containing Al2O3 and Y2O3 as sintering additives, even when incorporated in significant amounts, was consumed readily during the fast sintering process. Using coarse B4C particles reduced the reaction kinetics to some extent. As a result of reactions between Si3N(4) and B4C particles SiC, h-BN and metallic Si were formed. When both B4C and TiO2 were added together additional phases of Ti (C, N) and TiB2 were formed. Possible reactions that explain the formation of the in-situ phases were proposed through thermodynamic considerationsJapan Soc Promot Sci, Yokohama Natl Univ, JSPS 124th Comm, Hosokawa Power Technol Fd

A GIS-Based Multicriteria Assessment for Identification of Positive Energy Districts Boundary in Cities

Discussions regarding the definition of Positive Energy Districts and the concept of a boundary are still being actively held. Even though there are certain initiatives working on the boundary limitations for PEDs, there is no methodology or tool developed for selecting peculiar spaces for future PED implementations. The paper focuses on a flexible GIS-based Multicriteria assessment method that identifies the most suitable areas to reach an annual positive non-renewable energy balance. For that purpose, a GIS-based tool is developed to indicate the boundary from an energy perspective harmonized with urban design and land-use planning. The method emphasizes evaluation through economic, social, political, legal, environmental, and technical criteria, and the results present the suitability of areas at macro and micro scales. The current study outlines macro scale analyses in six European cities that represent Follower Cities under the MAKING-CITY H2020 project. Further research will be conducted for micro-scale analyses and the outcomes will pursue a technology selection process.This research was funded by the EU H2020 Programme under grant agreement n◦82441

How to Achieve Positive Energy Districts for Sustainable Cities: A Proposed Calculation Methodology

In this paper, a methodology for calculating the energy balance at the district level and energy performance of those districts aspiring to become a Positive Energy District (PED) is proposed. PEDs are understood as districts that achieve a positive energy balance on an annual basis by means of exporting more energy than is consumed within their limits. The main issue to standardize the concept, besides which characteristics should be considered, is that current standards to calculate an energy balance are not applied at the district level. This paper reviews the current standards and adapts them to propose an energy balance calculation methodology. Calculation of an energy balance at the district level is complex since it includes several parameters, such as which loads (or elements) should be included, which renewable energy technologies should be considered on-site production, and which primary energy factors should be used. The proposed methodology is thought to help cities at the design stage of a district and to evaluate its annual energy balance. The methodology is performed in eight steps, and all the needed assumptions that affect the calculation of the annual energy balance are discussed in each stepThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824418 (MAKING-CITY)

Cytogenetic analysis on Turkonalassus quercanus Keskin, Nabozhenko et Alpagut-Keskin, 2017 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini)

Cytogenetic features of the endemic Western Anatolian tenebrionid species Turkonalassus quercanus Keskin, Nabozhenko et Alpagut-Keskin, 2017 were analyzed using conventional and differential staining. Chromosome preparations were obtained from the gonads of both males and females. The karyotype of T. quercanus was found to be 2n = 20 (9 + Xyp), which is considered the modal number for Tenebrionidae. The heteromorphic sex chromosomes of T. quercanus form a parachute like bivalent at metaphase I (MI) of male meiosis. Both conventional and differential staining have shown that predominantly metacentric chromosomes of T. quercanus exhibit a typical pericentromeric heterochromatin pattern. As per results of the silver staining, the existence of a prominent nucleolus at prophase I and a highly impregnated area associated with Xyp at MI are indicated the sex chromosomal location of NOR. In comparison with previously published cytogenetic data on other species of the tribe Helopini which are presenting the same karyotype formula, our results suggest that a series of chromosomal rearrangements may have been involved in their karyotype evolution

Inflammatory bone destruction due to abscess of the periodontium in Hadrianapolis community skeletons

The tower of Macedonia is located in the northwest of Turkey. The skeletal remains found during the archeological investigations at Hadrianopolis region by Edirne Museum during 2002-2003 were related to Eastern Roman-Byzanteum period. From a total of 139 human skeletal remains were examined and two of them showed signs of abscess . A periodontal abscess is a localized purulent infection of periodontal tissues and can be a common clinical finding among patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. They are associated with tooth loss and progressive bone loss in cases