Pionic Degrees of Freedom in Atomic Nuclei and Quasielastic Knockout of Pions by High-Energy Electrons

The nonlinear model of pionic condensate in nuclei by G. Preparata can be efficiently verified by investigation of the quasielastic knockout process of pions out of nuclei by high energy electrons. First, a momentum distribution (MD) of the collective pions has a bright maximum at q=0.3 Gev.Second the excitation spectrum of a recoil nucleus is concentrated at low energies E lesser than 1MeV. The results for the pion knockout from mesonic clouds of individual nucleons are absolutely different. The latter results are presented both for pion and rho-meson clouds localized on nucleons.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

The Effect of Extensive Reading on Developing the Grammatical Accuracy of the EFL Freshmen at Al Al-Bayt University

The study aimed at determining the degree of the effect of extensive reading on developing the grammatical  accuracy  of the EFL freshmen at Al-al-Bayt University (a public university in Mafraq city in Northern Jordan).  The study sample consisted of 60 male and female students distributed in two groups: the experimental group and the control group; each group consisted of 30 students. The two groups were randomly selected as representatives of the whole population which includes (158) freshmen students. The subjects in the two groups were given a writing test in which a short paragraph was required to be written. Then the researchers  started to assign several extensive reading tasks of various topics. These readings were read and summarized in written forms by the subjects in the experimental group. After a period of 6 weeks, (20/3 – 1/5) in the second semester of the academic year 2011/2012, the subjects in both groups were given the same test in which they write a short paragraph about: "The difficulties they face in their university life". The two tests (pre and post) were corrected and the researchers compared their results in order to measure the effect of the treatment, which is extensive reading, on the students'  writing  grammatical  accuracy . The scores' mean value and standard deviation in each group were calculated. The study yielded the finding that extensive reading had a positive impact on enhancing the  grammatical accuracy of the EFL freshmen at Al al-Bayt university. Key Words: Extensive Reading, Grammatical Accuracy

Different Learning Styles of L2 Learners

Learners differ in their learning styles. In general, types of information are learned and processed in numerous and various ways. Language, as one type of this wide range of information, is specifically a particular case since it relates to the most important human communication means. In this paper, the researcher intends to shed light on learners' different styles in learning language in general, and their styles in learning L2, whether it is a second or a foreign language, in particular. The paper stresses the importance of distinguishing learners' different styles in learning languages. The researcher would also concentrate on the necessity of matching the various learners' styles and the educators' teaching strategies in order to develop the students' potentials in learning L2. the paper also presents some implications that may contribute to helping educators and curricula designers identify students' diverse learning styles; and consequently assist their students to understand and modify their own learning styles and achieve a better and higher level of proficiency in L2 learning

A QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE COMPUTERIZED ACTIVITIES IN THE 10TH GRADE ''COMMUNICATION SKILLS'' ARABIC LANGUAGE TEXTBOOK IN JORDAN

The present content analysis is aimed at exploring the computerized activities included in the 10th grade “Communication Skills” Arabic Language Textbook in Jordan. It attempts to find out whether each unit includes such activities or not. It also attempts to explore the nature of these activities and their relation to the topics presented in the units that have undergone analysis. The content analysis includes the eight units of the second part of the 10th grade “Communication Skills” Arabic Language Textbook in Jordan. The findings showed that all the units included computerized activities. It also showed that each unit has at least one task that requires students to surf the internet and do the required activities. Furthermore, all the tasks in the computerized activities are directly related to the topics presented in the eight units. The researcher presents some pedagogical implications at the end of the analysis

The Effects Of Using Portfolio In Writing Activities Aimed At Developing The Arabic Language Discourse Competence Of 1st Secondary Grade Students In Housha Secondary School For Girls In Jordan

The focus of the present study is the investigation of the effects of using portfolio in writing activities aimed at developing the Arabic language discourse competence of 1st secondary grade students in Housha secondary school for girls in Jordan. The study sample was chosen purposefully. It consists of two sections for the first secondary grade, namely: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group consisted of twenty (20) females, while the control group consisted of twenty (20) females as well. The treatment represented in using portfolio was conducted through an academic semester that lasted for three months. At the end of the semester, both groups were tested in using discourse competence components. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group in using elements of discourse competence due to the treatment. In light of the results, the researcher presented some recommendations at the end of the study

Incorporating global dynamics to improve the accuracy of disease models: Example of a COVID-19 SIR model

Mathematical models of infectious diseases exhibit robust dynamics such as stable endemic or a disease-free equilibrium, or convergence of the solutions to periodic epidemic waves. The present work shows that the accuracy of such dynamics can be significantly improved by incorporating both local and global dynamics of the infection in disease models. To demonstrate improved accuracies, we extended a standard Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model by incorporating global dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. The extended SIR model assumes three possibilities for the susceptible individuals traveling outside of their community: They can return to the community without any exposure to the infection, they can be exposed and develop symptoms after returning to the community, or they can be tested positive during the trip and remain quarantined until fully recovered. To examine the predictive accuracies of the extended SIR model, we studied the prevalence of the COVID-19 infection in Kansas City, Missouri influenced by the COVID-19 global pandemic. Using a two-step model-fitting algorithm, the extended SIR model was parameterized using the Kansas City, Missouri COVID-19 data during March to October 2020. The extended SIR model significantly outperformed the standard SIR model and revealed oscillatory behaviors with an increasing trend of infected individuals. In conclusion, the analytics and predictive accuracies of disease models can be significantly improved by incorporating the global dynamics of the infection in the models.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF MESH-BASED ENHANCEMENT OF VAPOR BUBBLE CONDENSATION

The aim of this work is to study the vapor bubble condensation process and the enhancement technique via affecting bubbles dynamic using a mesh-based structure. The bubble dynamics and thermal behavior are studied by considering the heat and mass transfer through the bubble’s interface area between the vapor and liquid regions and the resulting condensation effects. The thermal characteristics of bubbles are observed considering the initial and final liquid temperatures. Additionally, the bubble dynamics are studied in terms of several parameters including the relative velocity of the bubble, bubble deformation, interfacial area, and the bubble diameters. The relation between the thermal and dynamic parameters of bubble condensation is analyzed under different operating conditions. A Semi-Empirical simulation is developed to analyze the heat transfer and condensation of a spherical rising bubble. The model includes bubble shrinkage during condensation, and can be used to analyze the total energy loss of the bubble, raising velocity and bubble condensation rate of a single bubble compared to multiple bubbles with the same total thermal energy. A MATLAB code is developed in order to calculate the instantaneous velocity, the radius, and the mass loss of the vapor bubble in each time step. Moreover, the fundamental behavior for a single bubble and multiple bubbles was investigated in various initial conditions under the same total thermal energy. The effects of the initial bubble radius and the temperature difference between the liquid and vapor phases were analyzed for both scenarios in order to examine the condensation rate. To overcome the complexity of the interface between the multi-phases in the flow field, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out and adapted using interface capturing methods (Volume of Fluid) with durable time-stepping schemes in ANSYS FLUENT. This study proposes to enhance the bubble condensation by designing a mesh-based structure to be placed in the flow direction so the bubbles will enter the domain through many small holes of the mesh structure, which will force bubble deformation and redirect the bubbles through the liquid domain. The mesh-based structure enhancement method is based on breaking the bubbles into several smaller bubbles realizing a very high surface contact area between the bubble and the liquid. This design arrangement showed an improvement in the condensation and heat transfer. Furthermore, the obtained results from the semi-empirical model of bubbles condensation are examined and compared with experimental data from previous investigations in the literature

Solving multiple linear regression problem using artificial neural network

Multiple linear regressions are an important tool used to find the relationship between a set of variables used in various scientific experiments. In this article we are going to introduce a simple method of solving a multiple rectilinear regressions (MLR) problem that uses an artificial neural network to find the accurate and expected output from MLR problem. Different artificial neural network (ANN) types with different architecture will be tested, the error between the target outputs and the calculated ANN outputs will be investigated. A recommendation of using a certain type of ANN based on the experimental results will be raised