Impact of Glycemic Control on Shoulder Proprioception in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mediating the Connection - Insights from a Cross-Sectional Analysis

Mastour Saeed Alshahrani,1,&ast; Ravi Shankar Reddy,1,&ast; Adel Alshahrani,2,&ast; Saud F Alsubaie3,&ast; 1Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences-Physiotherapy Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ravi Shankar Reddy, Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 503587903, Email [email protected]: Shoulder proprioception is vital and this cross-sectional study investigated the association between glycemic control and shoulder joint proprioception in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A total of 120 participants, including 60 with T2DM and 60 healthy individuals, were assessed for shoulder joint position sense (JPS) using a digital inclinometer. The T2DM group exhibited significantly greater mean shoulder joint position errors in flexion (4.32° vs 2.15°), abduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation compared to the healthy group (p < 0.001).Results: The study found significantly greater shoulder joint position errors in the T2DM group compared to the healthy group, highlighting notable proprioceptive deficits in individuals with T2DM. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c levels and shoulder joint position errors in the T2DM group, suggesting a link between long-term glycemic control and proprioceptive accuracy.Discussion: The significant positive correlation between HbA1c levels and shoulder joint position errors suggests that poor glycemic control is associated with impaired proprioception in T2DM patients. This underscores the need for comprehensive management strategies to mitigate proprioceptive deficits and improve the quality of life in individuals with T2DM.Keywords: joint position sense, diabetes complications, sensory feedback, neuromuscular function, HbA1c Level

Internet addiction, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms are associated with the risk of eating disorders among university students in Bangladesh

The risk of developing an eating disorder among university students is higher than the general population in Bangladesh Since psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety and addictive behaviors e g internet addiction predominantly exist among university students in the country these may increase their vulnerability to developing an eating disorder The association of internet addiction depression and anxiety with the risk of eating disorders among Bangladeshi university students is relatively unknown therefore this study investigates the association This study was a cross sectional design Students N 700 from two public universities in Bangladesh completed the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ 9 scale the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD 7 tool and Orman s Internet Addiction Survey OIAS to measure exposure variables Eating Attitudes Test 26 EAT 26 assessed the outcome variable Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that internet addiction adjusted odds ratio aOR for moderate addiction 2 15 and severe addiction 3 95 depressive aOR 3 04 and anxiety aOR 2 06 symptoms were associated with an increased risk of eating disorder among study participants Future longitudinal studies on university students are recommended to gain a better understanding about the causal factors of eating disorder to support intervention initiatives and strategies by public health practitioners and policy expert

SPARC 2018 Internationalisation and collaboration : Salford postgraduate annual research conference book of abstracts

Welcome to the Book of Abstracts for the 2018 SPARC conference. This year we not only celebrate the work of our PGRs but also the launch of our Doctoral School, which makes this year’s conference extra special. Once again we have received a tremendous contribution from our postgraduate research community; with over 100 presenters, the conference truly showcases a vibrant PGR community at Salford. These abstracts provide a taster of the research strengths of their works, and provide delegates with a reference point for networking and initiating critical debate. With such wide-ranging topics being showcased, we encourage you to take up this great opportunity to engage with researchers working in different subject areas from your own. To meet global challenges, high impact research inevitably requires interdisciplinary collaboration. This is recognised by all major research funders. Therefore engaging with the work of others and forging collaborations across subject areas is an essential skill for the next generation of researchers

Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ghada Mohamed Rashad Koura,1 Ahmed Mohamed Fathi Elshiwi,2 Mastour Saeed Alshahrani,1 Doaa Ayoub Elimy,3 Razan Abdurahman Nasser Alshahrani,2 Fareed F Alfaya,4 Shaker Hassan S Alshehri,4 Amal A Hadi,2 Mohammed Abdullah Alshehri,5 Hani Hassan Alnakhli,1 Fuzail Ahmad,6 Irshad Ahmad1 1Program of Physical Therapy, Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; 2Consultant and Head of Physical Therapy Department, Saudi German Hospital, Aseer, Saudi Arabia; 3Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Physiotherapy, Abha, International Private Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia; 6Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Dirirya, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Irshad Ahmad, Email [email protected]: Between half and three quarters of the working-age population in today’s industrialized globe suffers from lower back pain. The presence of a myofascial trigger point—a hyperirritable painful area comprised of a small number of muscle fibers—identifies mechanical back pain sufferers as suffering from myofascial pain syndrome, a chronic pain disorder. This research objectives to determine whether mechanical back pain patients’ pain severity and functional disabilities are influenced by electromagnetic field therapy.Methods and Subjects: Two groups of thirty patients were randomly assigned. The 15 participants in group A underwent conventional physical therapy (including ultrasound, stretches, and strength training for the back muscles), while the 15 participants in group B received a combination of conventional physical therapy and electromagnetic field therapy. Pre- and post-treatment assessments of pain intensity, functional impairment, and lumbar range of motion (including extension, flexion, and right and left side bending) were examined. The variables of interest that were examined at various testing groups and measuring periods were compared using a 2× 2 mixed design MANOVA.Results: After treatment, there was a significant difference in all dependent variables between the two groups in terms of between-subject effects (p < 0.05). Group B benefited from a significant decrease in pain, right and left side bending, and function disability, as well as an increase in flexion and extension.Conclusion: Patients suffering from mechanical back pain can find relief from their discomfort and functional impairment through the use of electromagnetic field therapy, according to the current study’s conclusions.Keywords: myofascial trigger point, mechanical back pain, conventional physical therapy, electromagnetic fiel

Assessment of commercialized nylon membranes integrated with thin layer of MWCNTs for potential use in desalination process

In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) will be implemented as a coating material on commercial membranes (nylon) using Trix as a surfactant. Four masses of MWCNTs (5, 15, 30, and 60 mg) were used in the coating process. Many parameters were measured for both nylon and the four coated membranes. These parameters include their electrical properties, wettability, mechanical properties, surface and textural properties, permeability and rejection of salt. The findings indicated that Elongation within the range of 2.7-18%, tensile strength within the range of 2.5-3.4 MPa, and Young's moduli in the range of 63-154 MPa were found in the fabricated membranes arising from MWCNTs and surfactants dispersions. The performance of membrane rejection was examined using NaCl or MgSO4 single salts. The fabricated membrane containing 60 mg of MWCNTs, on the other hand, can reject electrolytes with a very low rejection ratio of less than 14% for NaCl and 10% for MgSO4. This made as ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, and therefore they can be used as pre-treatment membranes in desalination processes. Future study is required to improve the rejection of these coated membranes by adding more additives such as polymers or biopolymers

Cross-border movement, economic development and malaria elimination in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Malaria at international borders presents particular challenges with regards to elimination. International borders share common malaria ecologies, yet neighboring countries are often at different stages of the control-to-elimination pathway. Herein, we present a case study on malaria, and its control, at the border between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Malaria program activity reports, case data, and ancillary information have been assembled from national health information systems, archives, and other related sources. Information was analyzed as a semi-quantitative time series, between 2000 and 2017, to provide a plausibility framework to understand the possible contributions of factors related to control activities, conflict, economic development, migration, and climate. The malaria recession in the Yemeni border regions of Saudi Arabia is a likely consequence of multiple, coincidental factors, including scaled elimination activities, cross-border vector control, periods of low rainfall, and economic development. The temporal alignment of many of these factors suggests that economic development may have changed the receptivity to the extent that it mitigated against surges in vulnerability posed by imported malaria from its endemic neighbor Yemen. In many border areas of the world, malaria is likely to be sustained through a complex congruence of factors, including poverty, conflict, and migration

Prevalence of Postpartum Anemia and Associated Risk Factors in Najran Hospitals, Saudi Arabia; A Retrospective Observational Study

Majed Saeed Alshahrani,1 Ashjan Saeed Al Mansour,2 Suha Hussain Alkazaim,2 Sarah Ali Alshamrani,2 Najah Abdullah Alyami,3 Mariyyah Radhi Alessa,2 Norah Muidh Alwadai,2 Hajar Ahmed AL Mustanyir,2 Amani Khalid Alrefaei,4 Feryal Abdulfattah Al-shadadi5 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 3College of Surgery and Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 4College of surgery and Medicine, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5College of surgery and Medicine, International University Of Africa, Khartoum, SudanCorrespondence: Majed Saeed Alshahrani, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966555741514, Email [email protected]: Postpartum anemia (PPA) occurs when hemoglobin (Hb) levels drop below 11 g/dl within 42 days after childbirth. This growing public health issue is a leading cause of complications that can affect maternal health and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, evidence about its prevalence and associated risk factors is still unclear.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the incidence of PPA, potential risk factors associated with its occurrence, and severity in two major hospitals in Najran, Saudi Arabia.Patients and Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed among postpartum women admitted to the Maternity and Children Hospital and the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic at the Najran University Hospital. The data was collected from electronic medical records from November 2023 to March 2024, including the patient’s characteristics, like nationality, body mass index (BMI), education level, employment status, medical history, delivery details, laboratory results, and anemia diagnosis. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software, with significance defined as p-values below 0.05.Results: A total of 565 postpartum women were included. The prevalence of PPA was 52.7%. Anemic participants prior to labor were significantly 4.986 times more likely to experience postpartum anemia compared to non-anemic participants, with a 95% confidence interval of (1.842– 13.496) and a p-value of 0.002. The risk factors regarding the severity of anemia were significantly high among participants with childbirth complications (79.2%), one parity (67.2%), and prepartum anemia (72.6%).Conclusion: This study highlights a significant prevalence of postpartum anemia among women, strongly linked to anemia prior to labor. The severity of postpartum anemia is particularly greater in women with childbirth complications, those who have had one previous birth, or who were anemic before delivery. Comprehensive postpartum follow-up for changes to improve access to prenatal and postnatal care are essential strategies to reduce postpartum anemia and enhance maternal health outcomes.Keywords: postpartum anemia, antenatal anemia, maternal health, postpartum hemorrhag

Cost-Savings Associated with Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach for Reducing Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Predictive Model

Abdulmajeed Alshowair,1 Saleh Altamimi,1 Faisal A Alruhaimi,1 Saad Alshahrani,2 Fatima Alsuwailem,3 Mona Alkhaldi,4 Haiam Abdalla,5 Fahad Hamad Alkhuraiji,6 Montaser Saad Alaqeel,6 Salman Sulaiman Almureef,7 Salman Alhawasy,8 Amro Abdel-Azeem3,9 1Community Health Excellence, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Academic and Training Affairs, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Population Health Management and Research, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Health Administration Office, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Model of Care, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Financial Affairs, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Cost Department, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 8Reporting Department, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptCorrespondence: Amro Abdel-Azeem, Population Health Management and Research, Riyadh First Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966547135224, Email [email protected]: This study aims to predict the expected cost savings associated with implementing a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to reduce macrovascular and microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This economic evaluation study was conducted in Riyadh First Health Cluster, Saudi Arabia as a predictive model conceptualized by the authors based on models used in previous studies, particularly the CORE Diabetes Model. Our model was designed based on 1) the level of glycemic control among 24,755 T2DM patients served by MDTs; 2) the expected incidence of diabetes-related complications without intervention; 3) the predicted risk reduction of developing diabetes-related complications with MDTs. Costs of complications and cost savings were then calculated and expressed as mean incremental annual cost savings adjusted for a 1% reduction in HbA1c, and a 10 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP).Results: Along with the expected reduction in all diabetes-related complications, the average incremental cost savings per diabetic patient is predicted to be (&dollar;38,878) with approximately (&dollar;11,108) in the year of complication onset and (&dollar;27,770) over the subsequent post-index 10-years. On adjustment of cost savings, the average incremental cost savings are predicted to be (&dollar;22,869) for each 1% reduction in HbA1c per diabetic patient and (&dollar;27,770) for every 10 mmHg reduction in SBP per diabetic patient.Conclusion: MDT as a model of care is effective in glycemic control among T2DM patients with a predicted significant reduction of all diabetes-related complications and in turn, a predicted significant cost savings.Keywords: cost-savings, multi-disciplinary team, complications, type 2 diabetes, predictive mode

Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Purpose: The first novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) case in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was reported in Qatif in March 2020 with continual increase in infection and mortality rates since then. In this study, we aim to determine risk factors which effect severity and mortality rates in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in KSA. Method: We reviewed medical records of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 positive results via reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) tests at Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh between May and August 2020. Data were obtained for patient’s demography, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. Additional data on patients that required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed with Python Pandas. Results: A total of 565 COVID-19 positive patients were inducted in the study out of which, 63 (11.1%) patients died while 101 (17.9%) patients required ICU admission. Disease incidences were significantly higher in males and non-Saudi nationals. Patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases displayed significantly higher association with ICU admissions (p&lt; 0.001) while mortality rates were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and neurological diseases. Univariate cox proportional hazards regression model showed that COVID-19 positive patients requiring ICU admission [Hazard’s ratio, HR=4.2 95% confidence interval, CI 2.5– 7.2); p&lt; 0.001] with preexisting cardiovascular [HR=4.1 (CI 2.5– 6.7); p&lt; 0.001] or respiratory [HR=4.0 (CI 2.0– 8.1); p=0.010] diseases were at significantly higher risk for mortality among the positive patients. There were no significant differences in mortality rates or ICU admissions among males and females, and across different age groups, BMIs and nationalities. Hospitalized patients with cardiovascular comorbidity had the highest risk of death (HR=2.9, CI 1.7– 5.0; p=0.020). Conclusion: Independent risk factors for critical outcomes among COVID-19 in KSA include cardiovascular, respiratory and renal comorbidities