An analytical study of Ibn Wāṣil’s Mufarrij al-Kurūb fī Akhbār Banī Ayyūb (The Dissipater of Anxieties in the Report of the Ayyubids) The Political Historiography of Women in the late Ayyubid Dynasty: 589-648/1193-1250

Women’s history, especially in the political arena, requires fuller treatment by research in historiography. Recent studies have largely demonstrated the extent of the discrepancy in historical narratives about the political role of women. It is a common but oversimplified explanation to state that the under-reporting of women as actors on the political stage has been due to the fact that the majority of historians and historiographers were men. Close reading of the historical text can reveal, not only insights about political activities of women, but evidence that certain male historians were paying attention to the political actions of women. Studies that analyse historical text using primary sources are crucial because they make the contents of these texts accessible to a wider audience and thus add value to the existing literature. This study is an analysis of Ibn Wāṣil’s Mufarrij al-kurūb fī akhbār Banī Ayyūb, in particular, of his views regarding the political roles of Ayyubid women in the late Ayyubid dynasty. Chapter One explores the general features of Islamic historiography during the Ayyubid dynasty. Chapter Two deals with Ibn Wāṣil himself: in order to uncover the factors that had impact on him when he reported his text, it explores his life, personality, and the environment in which he lived and worked. Chapter Three examines this historian’s attitude toward the jawārī and to the queenship system represented by Shajar al-Durr. Chapter Four examines his assessment of the regency system represented by the Ayyubid princesses, Ḍayfa Khātūn and Ghāzīyya Khātūn. The concluding chapter discusses the research results

STUDY OF NUCLEOSIDE DEGRADING ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN BEAN, ORGANIC BEAN, OKRA, ORGANIC OKRA, SQUASH AND ORGANIC SQUASH

Pyrimidine and purine nucleotide metabolism are essential for development and growth of all organisms. Nucleoside degradation reactions have been found in virtually all organisms. Many enzymes are involved in the degradation and salvage of nucleotides, nucleobases and nucleosides. Deaminases contribute in interconversion of one nucleoside into another by removing amino groups from the base. Nucleoside hydrolase is a glycosidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond in nucleosides to facilitate recycling of nucleobases.The nucleoside degrading enzyme activity was tested by adding a crude protein extract from 5-9 day old bean, organic bean, okra, organic okra, squash and organic squash seedlings to reaction mixtures containing either inosine, uridine, cytidine, adenosine, or 2'-deoxyadenosine. The activities of the enzyme were determined on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 High Performance Liquid chromatography system (HPLC). Nucleosidases were found to be active in all six plants and specific activities are reported.There are variations in the level of activities observed between bean, organic bean, okra, organic okra, squash and organic squash. Based on the specific activities the highest activity was recorded for uridine, cytidine and adenosine in different types of seeds while inosine and 2'deoxyadenosine had the lowest activity. Bean was the lowest in activity with all five nucleosidases compared to nucleosidase metabolizing activities in organic bean, okra, organic okra, squash and organic squash.M.S

Propylene Polymerization Using 4th Generation Ziegler-Natta Catalysts: Polymerization Kinetics and Polymer Microstructural Investigation

A systematic study of propylene polymerization using a 4th generation Ziegler-Natta catalyst is presented in this thesis. The apparent kinetic rate constants for propylene polymerization were estimated in the presence and absence of hydrogen and/or donor. The estimated activation energies for activation, propagation, and deactivation were found to be close to values previously reported in the literature for similar catalysts. The polypropylene samples were characterized using high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and crystallization elution fractionation (CEF). The effect of hydrogen and external electron donor on polypropylene microstructure was investigated at two polymerization temperatures. In addition to the expected electron donor positive effect on tacticity, hydrogen was also found to increase polypropylene tacticity. The effect of changing these polymerization conditions on molecular weight and polydispersity was also investigated. Finally, CEF profiles show how the distribution of polypropylene crystallizability changes by adding hydrogen and electron donor to the reactor. The concentrations of hydrogen and external donor were also varied to study their effect of polymerization kinetics and polymer microstructure. The estimated activation energies were close to those found in the first part of this investigation in the presence and/or absence of donor and hydrogen. A polypropylene microstructural study showed a positive effect of hydrogen concentration on mmmm pentad at low donor concentration, likely due to an increase in stereoselectivity of the aspecific sites by hydrogen. However, increasing donor concentration over a given threshold seems to transform the aspecific sitess into stereospecific sites that are no longer significantly affected by hydrogen. These experimental results were compared to a previously developed Monte Carlo model and found to agree with the trends predicted by simulation. Finally, the effect of diisopropyldimethoxysilane (P), n-propyltrimethoxysilane (N), paraethoxyethylbenzoate (PEEB), and dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane (D) external donors on catalyst activity and stereoselectivity was investigated. P and D donors were more stereoselective than N and PEEB donors; however, D donor had the best activity among all donors investigated. Therefore, D donor was mixed with PEEB to combine its high activity with the self-extinguishing properties of PEEB. The D/PEEB 90/10 (mol/mol) mixture generated a catalyst with good stereoselectivity but poor activity. When the ratio was increased to 95/5 and 98/2, the resulting catalyst had high activity and good stereoselectivity. Interestingly, the D/PEEB combination with just a small fraction of PEEB has a positive effect on the catalysts activation term which may decrease polymerization costs with this system

Active Site Identification and Mathematical Modeling of Polypropylene Made with Ziegler Natta Catalyst

Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts are responsible for most of the industrial production of polyethylene and polypropylene. A unique feature of these catalysts is the presence of more than one active site type, leading to the production of polyolefins with broad distributions of molecular weight (MWD), chemical composition (CCD) and stereoregularity. These distributions influence strongly the mechanical and rheological properties of polyolefins and are ultimately responsible for their performance and final applications. The inherent complexity of multiple-site-type heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts, where mass and heat transfer limitations are combined with a rather complex chemistry of site activation in the presence of internal and external donors, plus other phenomena such as comonomer rate enhancement, hydrogen effects, and poisoning, makes the fundamental study of these systems a very challenging proposition. In this research project, new mathematical models for the steady-state and dynamic simulation of propylene polymerization with Ziegler-Natta heterogeneous catalysts have been developed. Two different modeling techniques were compared (population balances/method of moments and Monte Carlo simulation) and a new mechanistic step (site transformation by electron donors) were simulated for the first time. Finally, polypropylene tacticity sequence length distributions were also simulated. The model techniques showed a good agreement in terms of polymer properties such as molecular weights and tacticity distribution. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo simulation technique allowed us to have the full molecular weight and tacticity distributions. As a result, the 13C NMR analytical technique was simulated and predicted

Shockwaves and the Rolling Stones: An Overview of Pediatric Stone Disease

Urinary stone disease is a common problem in adults, with an estimated 10% to 20% lifetime risk of developing a stone and an annual incidence of almost 1%. In contrast, in children, even though the incidence appears to be increasing, urinary tract stones are a rare problem, with an estimated incidence of approximately 5 to 36 per 100,000 children. Consequently, typical complications of rare diseases, such as delayed diagnosis, lack of awareness, and specialist knowledge, as well as difficulties accessing specific treatments also affect children with stone disease. Indeed, because stone disease is such a common problem in adults, frequently, it is adult practitioners who will first be asked to manage affected children. Yet, there are unique aspects to pediatric urolithiasis such that treatment practices common in adults cannot necessarily be transferred to children. Here, we review the epidemiology, etiology, presentation, investigation, and management of pediatric stone disease; we highlight those aspects that separate its management from that in adults and make a case for a specialized, multidisciplinary approach to pediatric stone disease

Svarbiausi parlamento nario teisinio statuso elementai Lietuvos Respublikoje ir kitose pasaulio valstybėse

Parlamento nario teisinis statusas yra kompleksinė sąvoka, sudaryta iš keleto esminių elementų, kurių kiekvienas yra svarbus. Pradedant priesaikos konstituciniu reglamentavimu, parlamento nario pareigomis ir teisėmis, pareigų nesuderinamumu, imuniteto, indemniteto bei laisvojo mandato apimtimi ir baigiant įgaliojimų pasibaigimo pagrindais – visus šiuos aspektus dera aptarti išsamiai bei nuosekliai tam, kad būtų atskleistas šio instituto sudėtingumas ir įvairiapusiškumas. Analizę praturtina užsienio valstybių patirtis ir konkrečių pavyzdžių aptarimas.</jats:p

Svarbiausi parlamento nario teisinio statuso elementai Lietuvos Respublikoje ir kitose pasaulio valstybėse

The nature of the parliamentary legal status has always been the subject of lively debate. This study focuses on the nature, duration and exercise of the parliamentary legal status. Providing certain special rights to members of parliament does not mean that they are above the law. Rather, it is a recognition of the fact that, given the importance and magnitude of the mandate entrusted to them by the sovereign people, they require some minimum guarantees to be able to discharge this mandate in an independent and unhindered fashion. This article is delivering a comparative analysis of the practice of Lithuania and various countries in terms of parliamentary legal status. The beginning of the mandate differs, but in most countries it coincides with the swearing-in ceremony. Mostly a mandate is representational, which means that elected representatives enjoy absolute independence vis-a-vis their electorate; in the majority of countries the imperative mandate is prohibited. Incompatibility of office is rather strictly regulated and the primary purpose of such incompatibility has been to ensure that members public or private occupations do not influence their role as representatives of the nation. In every country salaries and allowances form an integral part of members of parliament status. Parliamentary non-accountability is undoubtedly one of the most effective means of ensuring the proper democratic functioning of parliamentary systems, since it provides members of parliament with protection against prosecution for words spoken or votes cast in parliament. Unlike parliamentary non-accountability, parliamentary immunity, which is defined as the protection of parliamentarians against civil and/or criminal proceedings for acts carried out in the performance of their duties, is a privilege. The duration of the parliamentary mandate is also related to the concept of representative democracy. Although most countries allow parliamentarians to terminate their mandates, there are also cases in which mandates may be lost involuntarily.Parlamento nario teisinis statusas yra kompleksinė sąvoka, sudaryta iš keleto esminių elementų, kurių kiekvienas yra svarbus. Pradedant priesaikos konstituciniu reglamentavimu, parlamento nario pareigomis ir teisėmis, pareigų nesuderinamumu, imuniteto, indemniteto bei laisvojo mandato apimtimi ir baigiant įgaliojimų pasibaigimo pagrindais – visus šiuos aspektus dera aptarti išsamiai bei nuosekliai tam, kad būtų atskleistas šio instituto sudėtingumas ir įvairiapusiškumas. Analizę praturtina užsienio valstybių patirtis ir konkrečių pavyzdžių aptarimas

Essential elements of the legal status of member of parliament in Lithuania and various countries

The nature of the parliamentary legal status has always been the subject of lively debate. This study focuses on the nature, duration and exercise of the parliamentary legal status. Providing certain special rights to members of parliament does not mean that they are above the law. Rather, it is a recognition of the fact that, given the importance and magnitude of the mandate entrusted to them by the sovereign people, they require some minimum guarantees to be able to discharge this mandate in an independent and unhindered fashion. This article is delivering a comparative analysis of the practice of Lithuania and various countries in terms of parliamentary legal status. The beginning of the mandate differs, but in most countries it coincides with the swearing-in ceremony. Mostly a mandate is representational, which means that elected representatives enjoy absolute independence vis-a-vis their electorate; in the majority of countries the imperative mandate is prohibited. Incompatibility of office is rather strictly regulated and the primary purpose of such incompatibility has been to ensure that members public or private occupations do not influence their role as representatives of the nation. In every country salaries and allowances form an integral part of members of parliament status.Parliamentary non-accountability is undoubtedly one of the most effective means of ensuring the proper democratic functioning of parliamentary systems, since it provides members of parliament with protection against prosecution for words spoken or votes cast in parliament. Unlike parliamentary non-accountability, parliamentary immunity, which is defined as the protection of parliamentarians against civil and/or criminal proceedings for acts carried out in the performance of their duties, is a privilege. The duration of the parliamentary mandate is also related to the concept of representative democracy. Although most countries allow parliamentarians to terminate their mandates, there are also cases in which mandates may be lost involuntarily

Effect of Heparin Derivatives Versus P-Selectin Inhibitor on the Cellular Adhesion: A Potential Approach in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease

Click on the Resource Link to find this item in the ACPHS Library catalogAbnormal cellular adhesion is one of the primary initiating factors in the development of sickle cell disease (SCD) complications, especially acute vaso-occlusive crisis. Both intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin play important roles in leukocytes and sickle red blood cells (RBCs) adhesion to endothelium and get increased in response to different stimuli including inflammation in SCD. The potential effects of novel treatments, including non-anticoagulant heparin (NACH) and P-selectin inhibitor (PSI), on the process of sickle erythrocyte-endothelium adhesion were assessed in this study. Using PKH67 labeled RBCs, Static adhesion assays were conducted on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and showed significant higher adhesion of sickle RBCs compared to normal RBCs. Pretreatment of both erythrocytes and endothelium with PSI or NACH showed a statistically significant inhibitory effect on sickle RBCs adhesion. Measurement of the adhesion biomarkers ICAM-1 and P-selectin showed significantly higher levels in the plasma of sickle mice compared to wild mice. Treatment studies of sickle mice with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or NACH showed a decrease in ICAM-1 and P-selectin levels over time of treatment, with higher inhibitory effect by NACH. PSI treatment of sickle mice showed a decrease in P-selectin levels over time of treatment with no effect on ICAM-1 levels. Our results demonstrate the potential benefits of LMWH, NACH, and PSI in inhibiting the abnormal adhesion in SCD and signal further research to examine the effects of these compounds on other aspects of SCD pathogenesis.MS in Biotechnologyhttps://acphs.on.worldcat.org/oclc/99003416