Time-Resolved Temperature Measurements in a Shock Tube Facility

This paper presents non-intrusive, time-resolved temperature measurements in the post-shock flow within a shock tube. We detail the technique, characterise its sensitivity to noise at various pressures, and present temperature measurements after the incident shock wave. Comparisons of experimental measurements with analytical correlations show good agreement with calculated post-shock temperatures at measurement rates of 1 kHz, but systematic errors occur at scan frequencies of 3 kHz, due to the limited bandwidth of our current detector system

Studies toward the carbanion-accelerated 6[Pi] electrocyclization : polyfunctional boronates

"July 2014."Dissertation Supervisor: Dr. Michael Harmata.Includes vita.Non-Latin script record.[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The 6π electrocyclization remains an important class of pericyclic reactions which provides access to substituted six-membered rings from uncyclized triene substrates. It was conceived that a rate acceleration of this ring closure could be accomplished via anion generation adjacent to the 6[Pi] system. In efforts to study the carbanion-accelerated 6[Pi] electrocyclization, triene substrates were prepared from cross-coupling reactions between a 2-boryl allylic sulfone and dienyl electrophiles. In addition to its application towards triene synthesis, the alkylation chemistry of the 2-boryl allylic sulfone was explored. The deprotonation of sulfones and subsequent alkylation is trivial, however, it was unclear how the reactivity of a sulfone would change as a function of a Lewis-acidic boronic ester. The development of an alkylation procedure would allow for alkylated products to undergo ring-closing metathesis, generating value added organoboron compounds that would ultimately be used to demonstrate the effectiveness polyfunctional boronates toward the synthesis of polycyclic systems.Includes bibliographical references (pages 345-350)

Evaluation of the Suitability of Different Methods for Determination of the Crosslink Density in Highly Filled EPDM Compounds

The crosslink density of elastomers is the essential property that determines many other but especially the mechanical product properties. Different raw materials, especially recycled and bio-based materials, influence the vulcanization and may change the crosslink density when they are used as a substitute to conventional raw materials. Aim of this study is to develop a procedure that allows the reliable determination of the crosslink density in highly filled EPDM compounds as basis for future investigations focussed on substitution with sustainable materials in this compound. Unfortunately, experiences with other rubber compounds like tire treads cannot be directly applied here because of the use of other filler types and amounts as well as the differences in the polymer with regard to active sites (available double bonds). Equilibrium swelling, Flory-stress-strain-measurements, freezing point depression and temperature-scanning-stress-relaxation are applied to a model EPDM compound with high filler and softener amount as typically used for sealings. For sensitivity investigation the amount of the crosslink agent sulfur was varied. Furthermore, the influence of different accelerators was investigated. All methods are able to determine the crosslink density but with different standard deviations due to measurement errors. Partially, they can be optimized for this use case. Based on the results a combination of Flory-stress-strain-measurements and freezing point depression was chosen to be used in the future

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Innovating for improved healthcare: Sociotechnical and innovation systems perspectives and lessons from the NHS

Healthcare systems with limited resources face rising demand pressures. Healthcare decision-makers increasingly recognise the potential of innovation to help respond to this challenge and to support high-quality care. However, comprehensive and actionable evidence on how to realise this potential is lacking. We adopt sociotechnical systems and innovation systems theoretical perspectives to examine conditions that can support and sustain innovating healthcare systems. We use primary data focussing on England (with 670 contributions over time) and triangulate findings against globally-relevant literature. We discuss the complexity of factors influencing an innovating healthcare system’s ability to support the development and uptake of innovations and share practical learning about changes in policy, culture, and behaviour that could support system improvement. Three themes are examined in detail: skills, capabilities, and leadership; motivations and accountabilities; and collaboration and coordination. We also contribute to advancing applications of sociotechnical systems thinking to major societal transformation challenges

Trusted Network Access Control

Zielsetzung Das Network Access Control (NAC) stellt ein zusätzlicher Schutz für das Netzwerk dar. Die Clients werden, bevor sie Zugriff auf die Netzwerkinfrastruktur erhalten, nach definierten Regeln geprüft und erst bei bestehen dieser Kontrolle in das Netzwerk gelassen. Das Trusted Platform Module (TPM) ist ein im Computer festverbauter Chip, welcher dem Rechner zusätzliche Sicherheitsfunktionalitäten auf Hardwareebene zur Verfügung stellt. Im Rahmen dieser Semesterarbeit soll sich das Team in die neue Thematik NAC und TPM einarbeiten. Es soll mit einem Proof of Concept gezeigt werden, dass sich das NAC, anhand des Microsoft Network Access Protection (NAP), sinnvoll mit dem TPM kombinieren lässt. Ergebnis Als Resultat dieser Semesterarbeit hat sich das Team erfolgreich in die Themengebiete eingearbeitet. Anhand eines Prototypen ist nun bekannt, was alles benötigt wird, um erfolgreich eigene Zulassungs-Richtlinien in das NAP-System zu integrieren. Ebenfalls wurde eine Kommunikation mit dem TPM hergestellt. Aufgrund der algorithmischen Komplexität und der aufwendigen Kommunikation wurde das Handling mit dem TPM einwenig unterschätzt. Deshalb konnten nicht alle gewünschten Funktionalitäten umgesetzt und getestet werden. Ausblick Der jetzige Projektstand bietet eine umfassende Grundlage. Das Projekt soll deshalb als Bachelorarbeit weitergeführt werden. Es ist geplant, dass weitere Funktionalitäten des TPMs verfügbar gemacht werden. Zudem soll das TPM in die NAC-Technologie integriert werden, um das NAC manipulationssicherer zu gestalten

NADPH oxidases: key modulators in aging and age-related cardiovascular diseases?

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress have long been linked to aging and diseases prominent in the elderly such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and atrial fibrillation (AF). NADPH oxidases (Nox) are a major source of ROS in the vasculature and are key players in mediating redox signalling under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we focus on the Nox-mediated ROS signalling pathways involved in the regulation of 'longevity genes' and recapitulate their role in age-associated vascular changes and in the development of age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is predicated on burgeoning knowledge that Nox-derived ROS propagate tightly regulated yet varied signalling pathways, which, at the cellular level, may lead to diminished repair, the aging process and predisposition to CVDs. In addition, we briefly describe emerging Nox therapies and their potential in improving the health of the elderly population

Identification and Filtering of Uncharacteristic Noise in the CMS Hadron Calorimeter

VertaisarvioitupeerReviewe

A Walnut-Enriched Diet Reduces Lipids in Healthy Caucasian Subjects, Independent of Recommended Macronutrient Replacement and Time Point of Consumption: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Studies indicate a positive association between walnut intake and improvements in plasma lipids. We evaluated the effect of an isocaloric replacement of macronutrients with walnuts and the time point of consumption on plasma lipids. We included 194 healthy subjects (134 females, age 63 +/- 7 years, BMI 25.1 +/- 4.0 kg/m(2)) in a randomized, controlled, prospective, cross-over study. Following a nut-free run-in period, subjects were randomized to two diet phases (8 weeks each). Ninety-six subjects first followed a walnut-enriched diet (43 g walnuts/day) and then switched to a nut-free diet. Ninety-eight subjects followed the diets in reverse order. Subjects were also randomized to either reduce carbohydrates (n = 62), fat (n = 65), or both (n = 67) during the walnut diet, and instructed to consume walnuts either as a meal or as a snack. The walnut diet resulted in a significant reduction in fasting cholesterol (walnut vs. control: -8.5 +/- 37.2 vs. -1.1 +/- 35.4 mg/dL;p = 0.002), non-HDL cholesterol (-10.3 +/- 35.5 vs. -1.4 +/- 33.1 mg/dL;p 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (-7.4 +/- 32.4 vs. -1.7 +/- 29.7 mg/dL;p = 0.029), triglycerides (-5.0 +/- 47.5 vs. 3.7 +/- 48.5 mg/dL;p = 0.015) and apoB (-6.7 +/- 22.4 vs. -0.5 +/- 37.7 mg/dL;p 0.001), while HDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) did not change significantly. Neither macronutrient replacement nor time point of consumption significantly affected the effect of walnuts on lipids. Thus, 43 g walnuts/day improved the lipid profile independent of the recommended macronutrient replacement and the time point of consumption