Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Object from Two-Dimensional Images by Utilizing Distance Regularized Level Algorithm and Mesh Object Generation

           ان عملية بناء نموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد من الصور هي طريقة مفيدة للغاية لتشكيل المجسمات باستخدام طريقة الصور الواقعية خاصة والتي يمكن ان تستخدم في العديد من المجالات مثل المجالات الصناعية والمجالات الطبية وغيرها. في المجال الطبي، ان تطبيق الماسح ثلاثي الأبعاد مثل الماسح الضوئي ثلاثي الأبعاد المستخدم لإعادة بناء الأنف الداخلي للجراحة التجميلية أو الماسح الضوئي ثلاثي الأبعاد المستخدم لإعادة بناء قناة الأذن لغرض تصنيع جهاز مساعد السمع، والتي تحتاج إلى دقة عالية في التفاصيل والقياس والذي يمثل مشكلة رئيسية يجب وضعها في الاعتبار عند تصميم أجهزة النمذجة ثلاثية الابعاد، كما ان الكلفة وإمكانية التنقل وسهولة الاستخدام هي القضية الثانية التي يجب أن تأخذها بعين الاعتبار. تم في هذا العمل اعداد نهج نظري وتجريبي لتصميم ماسح ثلاثي الابعاد للمجسمات ذو كلفة منخفضة. اقترحنا نظام إعادة بناء القناة ثلاثية الأبعاد (الأذن أو الأنف) استنادًا إلى الصور ثنائية الأبعاد المستخدمة لإعادة إنشاء كائن ثلاثي الأبعاد. تم استخدام منظار داخلي منخفض التكلفة مع برنامج مقترح يستند إلى خوارزمية تقسيم مجموعة المستوى المقياس المعياري من أجل إعادة بناء قناة الأذن أو الأنف من الصورة التي التقطتها المنظار الداخلي في الزمن الحقيقي. أظهرت النتائج دقة جيدة لتفاصيل القناة وقياساتها والتي تعود الى استخدام نجاح خوارزمية إعادة البناء وبرامج إعادة البناء المقترحة والتي انتجت مجسم شبكي ثلاثية الأبعاد جيدة للقناة.Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from images is a most beneficial method of object regeneration by using a photo-realistic way that can be used in many fields. For industrial fields, it can be used to visualize the cracks within alloys or walls. In medical fields, it has been used as 3D scanner to reconstruct some human organs such as internal nose for plastic surgery or to reconstruct ear canal for fabricating a hearing aid device, and others. These applications need high accuracy details and measurement that represent the main issue which should be taken in consideration, also the other issues are cost, movability, and ease of use which should be taken into consideration. This work has presented an approach for design and constructed a low-cost three-dimensional object scanner. We have proposed a 3D canal reconstruction system (ear or nose) based on using 2D images for reconstruction 3D object. A low-cost EndoScope with a proposed program based upon utilized the segmentation algorithm type “Distance Regularized Level” to segment active edges from images then generate mesh object in order to generate 3D structure for small canals or cracks. The results show good accuracy of the reconstructed object in both details and their measurements which are related to the success in the reconstruction of algorithm that yields good three-dimensional meshes object. &nbsp

Future regenerative medicine developments and their therapeutic applications

: Although the currently available pharmacological assays can cure most pathological disorders, they have limited therapeutic value in relieving certain disorders like myocardial infarct, peripheral vascular disease, amputated limbs, or organ failure (e.g. renal failure). Pilot studies to overcome such problems using regenerative medicine (RM) delivered promising data. Comprehensive investigations of RM in zebrafish or reptilians are necessary for better understanding. However, the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood despite the tremendous amount of data obtained using the zebrafish model investigating the exact mechanisms behind their regenerative capability. Indeed, understanding such mechanisms and their application to humans can save millions of lives from dying due to potentially life-threatening events. Recent studies have launched a revolution in replacing damaged human organs via different approaches in the last few decades. The newly established branch of medicine (known as Regenerative Medicine aims to enhance natural repair mechanisms. This can be done through the application of several advanced broad-spectrum technologies such as organ transplantation, tissue engineering, and application of Scaffolds technology (support vascularization using an extracellular matrix), stem cell therapy, miRNA treatment, development of 3D mini-organs (organoids), and the construction of artificial tissues using nanomedicine and 3D bio-printers. Moreover, in the next few decades, revolutionary approaches in regenerative medicine will be applied based on artificial intelligence and wireless data exchange, soft intelligence biomaterials, nanorobotics, and even living robotics capable of self-repair. The present work presents a comprehensive overview that summarizes the new and future advances in the field of RM

The impact of leadership traits on human resource practices, gender and transformational leadership

The purpose lined with this study is to examine the links among the human resource practices along with transformational leadership, gender and leadership traits. The data were collected from the financial institutions of Iraq and analyzed by using the SEM. The results show that positive association among the human resource practices along with transformational leadership, gender and leadership traits. These findings are suitable for the employees of financial institutions along with the policymakers that they should develop the policies related to the practices of human resource that enhance firm performance

Spirulina platensis ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 in rats

: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely distributed mycotoxin, causing hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. One of the most famous unicellular cyanobacteria is Spirulina platensis (SP) which is well known for its antioxidant characteristics against many toxicants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential and hepatoprotective ability of SP against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats intraperitoneally injected with AFB1. Rats were separated into five groups as follows: negative control administered with saline; SP (1000 mg/kg BW) for two weeks; AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg BW) twice on days 12 and 14; AFB1 (twice) + 500 mg SP/kg BW (for two weeks) and AFB1 (twice) + 1000 mg SP/kg BW (for two weeks). Liver and blood samples were assembled for histological and biochemical analyses. AFB1 intoxicated rats showed a marked elevation in serum biochemical parameters (ALP, ALT, and AST), hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA and NO), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) indicating DNA damage. Moreover, AFB1 caused suppression of antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, GHS, GSH-Px, and CAT). However, the elevated serum levels of biochemical parameters and PCNA expression were reduced by SP. Moreover, SP lowered oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation markers in a dose-dependent manner. To sum up, SP supplementation is capable of decreasing AFB1 toxicity through its powerful antioxidant activity

Theoretical design for covering Engeletin with functionalized nanostructure-lipid carriers as neuroprotective agents against Huntington’s disease via the nasal-brain route

Objective: To propose a theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers for improved delivery and increased bioavailability in treating Huntington’s disease (HD).Methods: We conducted a literature review of the pathophysiology of HD and the limitations of currently available medications. We also reviewed the potential therapeutic benefits of engeletin, a flavanol glycoside, in treating HD through the Keap1/nrf2 pathway. We then proposed a theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers for improved delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increased bioavailability.Results: HD is an autosomal dominant neurological illness caused by a repetition of the cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide, producing a mutant protein called Huntingtin, which degenerates the brain’s motor and cognitive functions. Excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, elevated concentration of ROS and RNS, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation significantly impact HD development. Current therapeutic medications can postpone HD symptoms but have long-term adverse effects when used regularly. Herbal medications such as engeletin have drawn attention due to their minimal side effects. Engeletin has been shown to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and suppress inflammation through the Keap1/NRF2 pathway. However, its limited solubility and permeability hinder it from reaching the target site. A theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers may allow for free transit over the BBB due to offering a similar composition to the natural lipids present in the body a lipid solubility and increase bioavailability, potentially leading to a cure or prevention of HD.Conclusion: The theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers has the potential to improve delivery and increase the bioavailability of engeletin in the treatment of HD, which may lead to a cure or prevention of this fatal illness.</jats:p

Gastric Bypass and Absorption of Antihypertensive Medications

Little is known about the effects of gastric bypass on the absorption of prescription medications in the post-operative state. This poses a considerable clinical dilemma especially that the prevalence of morbid obesity continues to escalate in the United States of America, and as a result the number of gastric bypass procedures performed each year has similarly increased dramatically. The author presented a case of a 45-year-old male with refractory hypertension, secondary to mechanical complications after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure due to anatomical alteration contributing to pill retention and change in medications' pharmacokinetics. Investigations for secondary causes of hypertension were made, patient’s blood pressure had become exceedingly difficult to control after his Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure and had only been controlled with IV medications. Further investigations confirmed the diagnosis of a mechanical gastrointestinal complication.&#x0D;  </jats:p

Premna odorata: Seasonal Metabolic Variation in the Essential Oil Composition of Its Leaf and Verification of Its Anti-Ageing Potential via In Vitro Assays and Molecular Modelling

The metabolic variation in the essential oil composition of Premna odorata leaves obtained from different seasons was quantitatively and qualitatively determined employing GC/MS (Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry) and GC/FID (Gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector) techniques. It displayed the existence of 97 constituents accounting for 94.19%, 92.27%, 91.95% and 92.63% for POS (spring), POM (summer), POA (autumn) and POW (winter) whole essential oils. &beta;-Caryophyllene constituting the main metabolite in the oil in the different seasons. To better visualize the differences between them, GC data were exposed to chemometric analysis. A PCA (principal component analysis) score plot revealed the closeness of POS and POW. Molecular modelling on collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase enzymes active centres shows that different compounds existing in the essential oil of Premna odorata leaves shows binding to the active sites with variable degrees that suggested its anti-ageing potential. Palmitic acid displayed the highest fitting for both the collagenase and elastase active centres in both pH-based and rule-based ionization methods with ∆G equals &minus;78.27 and &minus;44.77 kcal/mol, respectively; meanwhile, heptacosane showed the highest fitting score in the hyaluronidase centre with ∆G = &minus;43.78 kcal/mol. In vitro assays consolidates the obtained modelling studies in which essential oil shows considerable anti-elastase and anti-hyaluronidase potential as evidenced by their IC50 values being 49.3 and 37.7 &mu;g/mL, respectively; meanwhile, the essential oil of Premna odorata leaves displayed mild anti-collagenase potential. Thus, it can be concluded that Premna odorata could serve as a promising anti-ageing naturally occurring drug that could be effectively incorporated by pharmaceutical industries in cosmetics combating ageing and skin wrinkling

Malva parviflora Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography

Malva parviflora L., Little mallow, has been traditionally used as an alternative food source. It acts as a medicinal herb containing a potential source of mucilage thus herein; we aimed to assess the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastro-protective actions of M. parviflora mucilage extracted from its leaves (MLM) and fruit (MFM). Toxicity studies were investigated by in vitro hemolytic assay whereas acute anti-inflammatory and antitussive activities were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema and sulphur dioxide induced cough model in rats, respectively. Gastro-protective effects were studied using ethanol induced acute and chronic gastric ulcer rat models. Their metabolic profiles were determined using gas chromatography. The results revealed that MLM and MFM were non-toxic towards human erythrocytes and their lethal doses were found to be greater than 5 g/kg. Pretreatment with MLM (500 mg/kg) and MFM (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced paw thickness (p &lt; 0.001). Maximum edema inhibition (%) was observed at 4 h in diclofenac sodium (39.31%) followed by MLM (27.35%) and MFM (15.68%). Animals pretreated with MLM (500 mg/kg) significantly lower the cough frequency in SO2 gas induced cough models in contrast to control. Moreover, MLM at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the ethanol induced gastric mucosal injuries in acute gastric ulcer models presenting ulcer inhibition of 23.04 and 38.74%, respectively. The chronic gastric ulcer model MFM (500 mg/kg) demonstrated a remarkable gastro-protective effect showing 63.52% ulcer inhibition and results were closely related to standard drug sucralfate. In both models, MLM and MFM decreased gastric juice volume and total acidity in addition to an increased gastric juice pH and gastric mucous content justifying an anti-secretary role of this mucilage that was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Meanwhile, GC analyses of the mucilage revealed their richness with natural as well as acidic monosaccharides. It is concluded that MLM and MFM can be used therapeutically for the management of inflammation, cough and gastric ulcer

Preparation of Liposomal Raloxifene-Graphene Nanosheet and Evaluation of Its <i>In Vitro</i> Anticancer Effects

Background In current years, researchers have shown their prime interest in developing multifunctional drug delivery systems, especially against cancers, for effective anticancer outcomes. Methodology Raloxifene (RLX) loaded liposomal-graphene nanosheet (GNS) was developed. The novelty of this work was to enhance the solubilization of RLX and improvement of its bioavailability in the disease area. So, the selection of optimized formula design of experiment was implemented which produced the desired formula with the particle size of 156.333 nm. Further, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and thermodynamic stability of optimized formulation were evaluated. The optimized formulation exhibited prolonged release of RLX for a longer period of 24 h, which can minimize the dose-related toxicity of the drug. Furthermore, optimized formulation demonstrated remarkable thermodynamic stability in terms of phase separation, creaming, and cracking. Results The cytotoxicity study on the A549 cell line exhibited significant ( P &lt; .05) results in favor of optimized formulation than the free drug. The apoptotic activity was carried out by Annexin V staining and Caspase 3 analysis, which demonstrated remarkable promising results for optimized liposomal formulation. Conclusion From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the novel optimized liposomal formulation could be pondered as a novel approach for the treatment of lung cancer. </jats:sec