Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Upland Rice Cultivars with Different Plant Architecture

ABSTRACT Modern high-yielding rice cultivars possibly take up and remove greater quantities of macronutrients than traditional and intermediate cultivars. This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the extraction and removal of macronutrients by upland rice cultivars. These information are of utmost importance for the correct fertilizer management. The treatments consisted of three upland rice cultivars (Caiapó, a traditional type; BRS Primavera, an intermediate type; and Maravilha, a modern type). Macronutrient accumulation by rice cultivars up to the end of tillering (46 DAE) accounted for only 25 % of the total N and P, and between 35-45 % of the total K, Ca, Mg, and S; after that time, accumulation was intensified. In all of the cultivars, the period of greatest nutrient uptake occurred from 45 to 60 DAE for K, Ca, Mg, and S, and after 65 DAE for N. Phosphorus was taken up at greater rates at 70 DAE by the cultivar BRS Primavera and after 90 DAE by the cultivars Caiapó and Maravilha. The cultivars of the traditional (Caiapó) and intermediate (BRS Primavera) groups took up greater amounts of Ca (143 kg ha-1), Mg (46-53 kg ha-1), and S (45-52 kg ha-1), but amounts of N (147-156 kg ha-1) and P (18-19 kg ha-1) were similar to those of the cultivar of the modern group (Maravilha). Caiapó cultivar took up more K (245 kg ha-1) than other cultivars (204-207 kg ha-1). The cultivars Caiapó and Maravilha showed similar grain yield (4,157 and 4,094 kg ha-1); however, this was lower than the grain yield of cultivar BRS Primavera (6,010 kg ha-1). Cultivars with greater yield levels did not necessarily exhibit a greater uptake and removal of nutrients per area, even if they had greater capacity for conversion of the nutrients taken up into the biomass

Exposição a níveis de pressão sonora em sala de aula, imitanciometria e teste SSW em escolares de 3º e 4º ano do ensino fundamental

OBJETIVO: investigar os efeitos dos níveis de pressão sonora elevados em sala de aula e das alterações imitanciométricas sobre as habilidades auditivas de crianças em fase inicial de letramento. MÉTODOS: estudo quantitativo e exploratório. Medições acústicas por meio de dosímetro; inspeção visual do conduto auditivo externo; audiometria tonal e vocal; imitanciometria. Os resultados das mensurações acústicas realizadas por meio de dosímetro em quatro escolas de Santa Maria - RS, dividiu a amostra de 87 crianças do 3º e 4º ano do ensino fundamental, na faixa etária de oito a dez anos em dois grupos - Grupo 1 / não expostos e Grupo 2 / expostos a níveis maiores que 80dB(A). A amostra também foi separada em 38 crianças sem alterações imitanciométricas e 49 com alterações, avaliadas em suas habilidades auditivas pelo teste dicótico de Dissílabos Alternados - SSW. RESULTADOS: o G1 apresentou melhores resultados na DC e EC em ambas às condições imitanciométricas, sem evidenciar diferença estatística. Foi constatada maior quantidade de acertos para a OE; a média do total de acertos evidenciou desempenhos semelhantes entre os grupos; o G1 apresentou melhores resultados na decodificação fonêmica, porém piores resultados nos subperfis codificação e organização. CONCLUSÕES: o presente estudo demonstrou que níveis de pressão sonora elevados em sala de aula não interferem nas habilidades auditivas testadas por meio do SSW, de crianças em processo de aprendizagem

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence.

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS’s measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative, but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation.The work of Jorge Gaete was supported by Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo-Millennium Science Initiative Program, GrantNCS2021_081. The work of Adrian Stanciu was supported by GESIS-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. The work of Shanu Shukla, Martina Klicperova-Baker, and Iva Polackova Solcova was supported by Narodni plan obnovy (NPO) "Systemic Risk Institute," Grant LX22NPO5101, funded by the European Union-Next Generation European Union (Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports, NPO: EXCELES). The work of Hrant M. Avanesyan was supported by the financial support of the RA Science Committee, Project 21T-5A203. The work of Breeda McGrath was supported by American Psychological Association Division 48, Small Grants Program. The work of Judyta Borchet was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science, Scholarship START 006.2022. The work of Rubia Carla Formighieri Giordani was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico/CNPq), Project 401749/2022-3