Tamanho de amostra para avaliação de caracteres de cenoura em sistemas de cultivo agroecológico.

O correto dimensionamento de experimentos deve ser utilizado para que se possa reduzir o erro experimental e com isso, maximizar a precisão das informações obtidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o número mínimo de famílias e de plantas por parcela para avaliação de caracteres de raiz em uma população de cenoura cultivada em sistema agroecológico. Os ensaios foram conduzidos no verão de 2006/2007 em duas propriedades com cultivo agroecológico em Brasília: Associação Mokiti Okada, que segue modelo de Agricultura Natural em Brazlândia-DF e Núcleo Rural Taguatinga, seguindo modelo de Agricultura Orgânica em Taguatinga-DF. Foram avaliadas 100 famílias de meio-irmãos de cenoura dispostas em delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetições e parcelas de 1 m2. Foram colhidas 20 plantas competitivas por parcela e avaliadas individualmente para os caracteres comprimento de raiz, diâmetro da raiz, massa da raiz, diâmetro do xilema da raiz, relação diâmetro do xilema/diâmetro da raiz, tipo de ponta da raiz, tipo de ombro da raiz, parâmetro a* para os tecidos xilema e floema. Foi realizada análise de variância conjunta e para cada sistema, com informação entre e dentro de parcelas. Foram realizadas ainda análises de representatividade do número mínimo de famílias e de plantas para representar uma população de cenoura. Foi verificado que uma amostra de 18 plantas competitivas/parcela coletadas em ensaios com 2 repetições, bem como de 74 famílias, são suficientes para garantir uma adequada avaliação de famílias meio-irmãos de cenoura para os caracteres estudados

Behavioral effects of a neurotoxic compound isolated from Clibadium surinamense L (Asteraceae)

Clibadium surinamense L, popularly known as cunambi, is a native plant from the Northern region of Brazil illegally used for predatory fishing. Previous results from our laboratory have demonstrated that the oral treatment of mice with the ethanolic extract (EE) of the leaves of the plant induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures followed by death within 30 min. the aims of the present paper were to characterize the convulsant effect of the hexanic extract (HE) of the stems and leaves of C surinamense and, by bioguided purification, to identify the active principle and its mechanism of action. the leaves and stems were extracted with hexane (100 g/L) in Soxhlet for 36h (yield of 2.4%), the solvent was evaporated and the powder dissolved in 1.5% saline/Tween 80. Male mice (30-35g) treated with HE (22.5-360 mg/kg, p.o.) showed behavioral alterations consistent with CNS stimulation. the intensity and duration of the effect were proportional to the administered doses. the behavioral alterations, measured with a graded score of seizure severity, revealed that pretreatment with carbamazepine (30 mg/kg, i.p., 60 min) or phenytoin (50 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min) did not alter the HE convulsive effect. in contrast, phenobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p., 60 min) or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min) reduced the HE effect, increasing the ED50 for clonic seizures from 64.4 to 89.8 mg/kg and 168.9 mg/kg, respectively. Purification of the HE in a silica gel column eluted with a hexane/ethyl acetate gradient yielded a single fraction with convulsant effect in which cunaniol acetate was identified by H-1 NMR as the main active compound. These results indicated that inhibition of GABAergic transmission by cunaniol acetate might be responsible for the convulsant effects of C. surinamense L in mice, but do not exclude a direct cunaniol action labilizing neuronal excitability. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.UNIFESP, EPM, Nat Prod Sect, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUFSC, Dept Farmacol, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUFG, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, Inst Ciencias Biol, Goiania, Go, BrazilCtr Univ Barra Mansa, Barra Mansa, RJ, BrazilUNIFESP, EPM, Nat Prod Sect, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Eucalyptus ESTs related to genes for oxidative stress

Oxidative stress generating active oxygen species has been proved to be one of the underlying agents causing tissue injury after the exposure of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) plants to a wide variety of stress conditions. The objective of this study was to perform data mining to identify favorable genes and alleles associated with the enzyme systems superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidases, and glutathione S-transferase that are related to tolerance for environmental stresses and damage caused by pests, diseases, herbicides, and by weeds themselves. This was undertaken by using the eucalyptus expressed-sequence database (https//forests.esalq.usp.br). The alignment results between amino acid and nucleotide sequences indicated that the studied enzymes were adequately represented in the ESTs database of the FORESTs project

Enfermagem e Sindicalismo em Goiás: análise do período 1982-2004 Enfermería y Sindicalismo en Goiás: análisis del período 1982-2004 Nursing and Unionism in Goiás: analysis of the period from 1982 to 2004

Estudos sobre Sindicalismo e Enfermagem são bastante escassos no Brasil. Em Goiás, só encontramos uma monografia acerca do tema, o que nos levou a examinar a questão. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o sindicalismo na área de enfermagem em Goiás, buscando reconstituir sua trajetória e evidenciar a ocorrência de articulações com outros sindicatos. A metodologia empregada (qualitativa) embasa-se na História Nova, com o emprego de fontes primárias (entrevistas e documentos originais) e secundárias. As respostas obtidas demonstraram que alguns sindicatos são mais atuantes que outros e que as diferentes possibilidades de afiliação contribuem para enfraquecer o Sindicato dos Enfermeiros de Goiás.<br>Estúdios con respecto al Sindicalismo y Enfermería son bastante raros en el Brasil. En Goiás, sólo encontramos una monografia acerca del tema, lo que nos llevou a examinar esta cuestión. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el sindicalismo en la área de la enfermería en Goiás, procurando reconstruir su trayectoria y evidenciar la ocurrencia de las articulaciones con otros sindicatos. La metodología utilzada basease en la Historia Nueva, con lo empleo de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Las respuestas obtenidas demonstráron que algunos sindicatos son más actuantes que otros y que las diferentes posibilidades de filiación contribuyen para debilitar el Sindicato de los Enfermeros de Goiás.<br>Studies about Unionism and Nursing are rare in Brazil. In Goiás, we just find out a monograph about the subject, which made us to analyze the question. The objective of this work is to analyze the Unionism of Nursing in Goiás, in search of rebuilt their trajectory and evidence the articulation with others syndicates. The methodology used called "qualitative" based on New History, using primary sources (interview and originals documents) and secondary. The answers we have got showed that some syndicates are much skilled than others and the different possibilities of membership helps to weaken the Union of Nurses in Goiás

The Brazilian database on pregnancy in multiple sclerosis

Objectives: To report the results from the Brazilian database on multiple sclerosis (MS) and pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective data from MS patients who became pregnant at any time of their disease were sent to a Brazilian database, using a specific file for this purpose. Results: Data on 128 women (142 pregnancies) from 30 neurologists working in 21 cities in Brazil were collected. Patients' average age at pregnancy was 29.8 years (range 16-42). EDSS at start of pregnancy was 1.5 +/- 1.4; and the relapse rate in the year preceding pregnancy was 1.2 +/- 1.5. Exposure to medication at any time during pregnancy was high (69.7%): 48.6% to interferon beta; 14.1% to glatiramer acetate; and 7% to other immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs. There was a significant decrease in relapse rate during pregnancy. The prevalence of complications was relatively low, with 4.9% of obstetric and 1.4% neonatal unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: Our patients had low degrees of disability, short histories of disease, high drug exposure, and relatively high relapse rate in the year previous to pregnancy. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were successful in over 90% of our patients. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.113427728