What Determines State Capture in Poland?

In this paper we examine the determinants of ex-ante state capture analyzing all the legal acts that have been passed in the period 1990-2011 in Poland. We find that during this the majority of legal acts were passed with the aim to satisfy the interest of particular groups. Furthermore, the regression analysis shows that the likelihood of state capture increases during the period of economic growth and local elections. The likelihood of state capture, however, declines during presidential elections. The results we attribute to different interests of political parties in the period of local and presidential election. Finally, we find that the state capture increased over the years in Poland. Additionally, we show that the EU accession did not prevent state capture in Poland. In contrast, the financial crisis of 2007 resulted in a wake-up effect and the likelihood of state capture declined in Poland

SDG 4 and SDG 8 in the knowledge economy: A meta-analysis in the context of post-COVID-19 recovery

Almost all human activity spheres, from the health care system to the education system, were unprepared for the pandemic. This, in turn, has slowed down the progress in achieving sustainable development goals. The Sustainable Development Goals 4 “Quality Education” and 8 “Decent Work and Economic Growth” were particularly vulnerable. In addition, the widespread concern was caused in the context of the transition to a “knowledge-based economy”. This paper analyzes the readiness of the scientific community to provide preconditions for the acceleration of these SDGs achievements. To do this, a meta-analysis of the academic literature on SDG 4, SDG 8, and the knowledge-based economy during 2015–2021 was conducted. Several special methods and instruments were used, including Scopus, WoS, VosViewer, Publish or Perish, Google Trends, and Google Books Ngram Viewer. The results show the inability of the modern academic community to provide a theoretical and empirical framework for a successful transition to a knowledge-based economy, taking into account the need to achieve sustainability. This is partly due to the relative subject novelty and the lack of academic attention. The challenges posed by the pandemic (lockdowns, unemployment, closing of educational institutions, financial flows reorientation, etc.) together with potential threats (new pandemic, climate change, population displacement, armed conflicts, etc.) necessitate a radical intensification of academic activity in economics to achieve SDGs

Zaburzenia syntaktyczne wewnątrz fraz nominalnych w komputerowej konwersji tekstu z języka angielskiego na polski i rosyjski. Spojrzenie generatywne

СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ ВНУТРИ НОМИНАЛЬНЫХ ФРАЗ В КОМПЬЮТЕРНОМ ПЕРЕВОДЕ С АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА НА ПОЛЬСКИЙ И РУССКИЙ. ГЕНЕРАТИВНАЯ ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯР езюме Настоящая работа является очередной в ряду статьей, предвиденных в рамках подготовки большего исследовательского проекта. Главная цель настоящего анализа - попытка создать механизмы по улучшению качества компьютерного перевода, производимого интернет-поисковиками. Автор работы старается также ответить на вопрос, почему синтаксические нарушения внутри номинальных фраз появляются в процессе автоматического перевода поисковика Google с английского языка на польский. С целью расширения области сравнения анализируются также результаты перевода на русский, производимого поисковиками Google, Yahoo и Bing. В работе, для этой области исследований, представлена генеративная точка зрения (теория x-bar syntax) как предложение одного из потенциальных способов избегнуть такого рода нарушений синтаксиса в компьютерном переводе. SYNTACTIC DISORDERS IN NOMINAL PHRASES IN AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH TO POLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES.THE GENERATIVE POINT OF VIEV Summary Presented article is the next one of several planned presentations of a larger research project. The overall goal of the presented analysis is to contribute toward improvement of the fully automatic machine translation integrated within search engines. The author tries to answer the question why language syntactic disorders occur in the process of automatic translations of phrases by the Google search mechanism. For comparison selected version of translation - Google, Yahoo and Bing has been analyzed. In the presented article a generative view (the theory of x-bar syntax) on this method theme is proposed as a possible way to avoid such kind of disorders in computer translations

L'ultrasonografia nella diagnostica dei tumori cerebrali

Gli autori presentano le loro esperienze sull'utilizzazione dell'ecografia intracranica (US) in una casistica di 52 pazienti affetti da tumore cerebrale. L'esame veniva effettuato attraverso una finestra ossea da craniotomia o da foro craniotomico allargato. Sono stati presi in considerazione due gruppi di malati.Nel primo l'ecografia è stata impiegata, nell'ambito del controllo post-operatorio dopo l'escissione del tumore cerebrate, alto scopo di un primo apprezzamento della sede operatoria o, più tardi, at fine di riconoscere l'eventuale recidiva del tumore.Il secondo gruppo era costituito da malati con tumori cerebrali non operabili, accertati con TC, nei quali è stato prelevato materiale per l'esame citologico con biopsia US-guidata. Sulla base dei risultati veniva scelta l'ulteriore terapia. L'ecografia ha costituito nel corso degli esami ii metodo fondamentale di apprezzamento delle condizioni intracraniche, con particolare riguardo all'individuazione del tessuto patotogico. Nei 17 malati del secondo gruppo l'US ha concesso un preciso e sicuro prelievo del materiale per l'esame citologico e una conseguente scelta dell'ulteriore trattamento medico.</jats:p

SDG 4 and SDG 8 in the knowledge economy: A meta-analysis in the context of post-COVID-19 recovery

Almost all human activity spheres, from the health care system to the education system, were unprepared for the pandemic. This, in turn, has slowed down the progress in achieving sustainable development goals. The Sustainable Development Goals 4 “Quality Education” and 8 “Decent Work and Economic Growth” were particularly vulnerable. In addition, the widespread concern was caused in the context of the transition to a “knowledge-based economy”. This paper analyzes the readiness of the scientific community to provide preconditions for the acceleration of these SDGs achievements. To do this, a meta-analysis of the academic literature on SDG 4, SDG 8, and the knowledge-based economy during 2015–2021 was conducted. Several special methods and instruments were used, including Scopus, WoS, VosViewer, Publish or Perish, Google Trends, and Google Books Ngram Viewer. The results show the inability of the modern academic community to provide a theoretical and empirical framework for a successful transition to a knowledge-based economy, taking into account the need to achieve sustainability. This is partly due to the relative subject novelty and the lack of academic attention. The challenges posed by the pandemic (lockdowns, unemployment, closing of educational institutions, financial flows reorientation, etc.) together with potential threats (new pandemic, climate change, population displacement, armed conflicts, etc.) necessitate a radical intensification of academic activity in economics to achieve SDGs.</jats:p

Analysis of world financial markets and their development trends

Сучасним етапом розвитку світової фінансової системи є характеризується свободою міжнародного руху капіталу і функціонування національних економік і є основною умовою розвитку в світова економіка. Основним фактором становлення і розвитку в фінансової системи відбувається глобалізація, найбільший прогрес якої спостерігається в фінансова сфера. Світові фінансові центри є серцем глобалізації та проведення всіх економічних операцій у світі.The current stage of development of the world financial system is characterized by the freedom of international movement of capital and the functioning of national economies and is a key condition for the development of the world economy. The main factor in the formation and development of the financial system is globalization, the greatest progress of which is observed in the financial sphere. World financial centers are the heart of globalization and the conduct of all economic operations in the world

Публичный интерес и групповые интересы в польском законодательстве

The paper presents the results of the research on the implementation of group interests in the legislative process in Poland, made on a sample of 1365 laws passed in 1990- 2011. Two mutually related questions are analyzed: the state of the Polish legislation and the impact of various interest groups on the shape of law. The results of the research do not give a direct insight in the process of the legislative lobbying; they only document the fact of the existence of certain privileges in the law, favouring some interest groups at the expense of the whole society. The results of the analysis indicate that the legislative process is significantly influenced by such factors as current economic situation in the country, the state of public finance, time distance to the next parliamentary election, and the political position of the person that performs the function of the minister of finance.В статье представлены результаты исследования вопроса реализации групповых интересов в процессе законотворчества в Польше на основе анализа 1365 законов, принятых в 1990-2011 гг. Авторы анализируют два взаимосвязанных аспекта: состояние польского законодательства и влияние групп интересов на содержание законов. Результаты исследования не дают прямого ответа на вопрос о способах лоббирования законов, но доказывают факт наличия привилегий в законах для некоторых групп за счёт всего общества. Полученные результаты указывают, что существенное влияние на создание законов оказывает актуальная экономическая ситуация страны, состояние публичных финансов, близость или отдаленность во времени ближайших парламентских выборов, а также политическая позиция лица, которое в данный момент занимает должность министра финансов