Developing purposeful questions and analyzing student reasoning: Two tools

We introduce two tools to help teachers develop purposeful questions and collaboratively analyze student reasoning

Using Observation Protocol Scores to Make Inferences About Change in Teacher Practices

Research on teacher learning and teacher change indicates that it is not unreasonable to expect teachers at all stages of their careers to change in their practices. However, measures of such change traditionally take the form of self-reflection and observation following teacher preparation programs (Grossman, Valencia, Evans, Thompson, Martin, & Place, 2000) or survey responses following professional development activities (Garet, Porter, Desimone, Birman, & Yoon, 2001). Even though observation protocols historically serve as the method for measuring teacher practices generally, they have yet to be used to understand change in teacher practices over time due to data limitations. Recent changes in teacher evaluation systems initiated more frequent and consistent teacher observations (Doherty & Stevens, 2015), so change in teacher practices as measured by observation protocols might soon be of greater interest to researchers and school leaders alike. Fortunately, the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project provides sufficient data for beginning to understand longitudinal changes in teacher practices. The two key contributions of this project are first, an application of hierarchical linear models to estimate growth over time in teacher observation scores and second, a careful investigation of the conditions that maximize the reliability of those growth estimates. The findings of this study suggest that teacher observation scores may change by about half of a standard deviation during a two-year time span for a few teachers, but most will show much more modest rates of growth. Further, the reliability of the growth parameter estimates can reach as high as 0.5, but the number and spacing of observation occasions as well as number of raters required to reach such levels of reliability may be too high for practical use in some districts. The HLM estimates in this study make an initial contribution to the research literature regarding the modeling of growth in observation scores over time. The reliability investigation provides practical information about observation system designs with the potential to yield maximally reliable estimates of growth. The former analysis gives context for future work regarding growth in observation scores while the latter informs decision-makers regarding the best choices in designing observation systems if longitudinal growth estimates are a target measure of interest

“MODEL REKRUTMEN KADER DAN SELEKSI BAKAL CALON ANGGOTA LEGISLATIF PARTAI GOLONGAN KARYA (GOLKAR) DALAM PEMILU TAHUN 2024 DI KABUPATEN PEMALANG”

Abduur Rosid Alzen, 2118500007, Model Rekrutmen Kader Partai Golongan Karya (Golkar) dalam Penetapan Calon Legislatif di Kabupaten Pemalang pada Pemilu Tahun 2024, Skripsi, Fakultas Ilmu Social Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pancasakti Kota Tegal, 2023, Pembimbing I Bapak Unggul Sugiharto, S.IP, M.Si. , Pembimbing II Akhmad Habibullah, S.IP, M.IP. . Pemilihan Umum atau pemilu merupakan prosess demokratis dimana warga negara suatu negara memilih wakil-wakil mereka dalam pemerintahan atau badan legislatif. Pemilu merupakan salah satu mekannisme utama dalam sistem demokrasi yang memungkinkan rakyat untuk berpartisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan politik. Dalam kesimpulannya, Partai politik menggunakan partisipasi dalam pemilihan umum sebagai cara untuk memperoleh dan mempertahankan kekuasaan dalam sistem demokrasi. Dengan bersaing dalam pemilihan umum, mereka berusaha memperoleh dukungan suara dari masyarakat dan mendapatkan kursi di parlemen. Ini memungkinkan mereka untuk memperoleh eksistensi dalam sistem politik dan berperan aktif dalam pengambilan keputusan politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis Reduksi data, Penyajian data, Penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi untuk mendapatkan hasil analisis yang sistematis. Analisis Reduksi data ditujukan oleh peneliti guna mendapatkan inti atau makna dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang relevan dari hasil wawancara dengan informan. Penyajian data ini ditujukan agar data yang diperoleh dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kategori yang telah ditentukan untuk menjadikannya lebih teratur agar memudahkan pemahaman tentang apa yang terjadi dan merencanakan Langkah selanjutnya berdasarkan pemahamn tersebut. Penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi dituju oleh peneliti guna untuk mengkonfirmasi, memperjelas, atau bahkan merevisi kesimpulan yang telah dibuat untuk mencapai akhir dalam bentuk proposisi ilmiah mengenai fenomena atau realitas yang diteliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Model Rekruitmen Partai Golkar di Kabupaten Pemalang adalah model rekruitmen terbuka, Keterbukaan proses rekruitmen Partai yang menjadikan poin-poin penting dalam membentuk citra Partai yang baik bagi masyarakat, Partai Golkar juga melakukan pengumuman secara langsung terkaitt rekruitmen kader Partai, dalam proses rekruitmen kader Partai Golkar memiliki 2 cara pendaftaran yakni secara manual atau melalui aplikasi Golkar eKTA. Kemudian Proses Penetapan bakal Calon Legislatif DPD Partai Golkar diutamakan para pengurus Partai Golkar itu sendiri baik pengurus Dewan Pimpinan Daerah (DPD) Kabupaten maupun pimpinan kecamatan, serta pengurus organisasi yang mendirikan dan didirikan Partai. Tahapan seleksi yang perlu diikuti oleh para calon ialah pendaftaran, seleksi administrasi, tes Kesehatan dan psychotest, pendaftaran dapat melalui aplikasi resmi Partai Golkar, panitia seleksi juga menilai apa yang disebut PD2LT (Prestasi, Dedikasi, Disiplin, Loyalitas danTidak Tercela) Partai perlu mempertahankan model rekruitmen terbuka untuk menarik minat masyarakat luas dan meningkatkan partisipasi dalam partai. Kata kunci : , Model Rekrutmen Kader Partai, Kader Partai Golkar, Penetapan Calon Legislatif pada Pemilu

Using Observation Protocol Scores to Make Inferences About Change in Teacher Practices

Research on teacher learning and teacher change indicates that it is not unreasonable to expect teachers at all stages of their careers to change in their practices. However, measures of such change traditionally take the form of self-reflection and observation following teacher preparation programs (Grossman, Valencia, Evans, Thompson, Martin, & Place, 2000) or survey responses following professional development activities (Garet, Porter, Desimone, Birman, & Yoon, 2001). Even though observation protocols historically serve as the method for measuring teacher practices generally, they have yet to be used to understand change in teacher practices over time due to data limitations. Recent changes in teacher evaluation systems initiated more frequent and consistent teacher observations (Doherty & Stevens, 2015), so change in teacher practices as measured by observation protocols might soon be of greater interest to researchers and school leaders alike. Fortunately, the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project provides sufficient data for beginning to understand longitudinal changes in teacher practices. The two key contributions of this project are first, an application of hierarchical linear models to estimate growth over time in teacher observation scores and second, a careful investigation of the conditions that maximize the reliability of those growth estimates. The findings of this study suggest that teacher observation scores may change by about half of a standard deviation during a two-year time span for a few teachers, but most will show much more modest rates of growth. Further, the reliability of the growth parameter estimates can reach as high as 0.5, but the number and spacing of observation occasions as well as number of raters required to reach such levels of reliability may be too high for practical use in some districts. The HLM estimates in this study make an initial contribution to the research literature regarding the modeling of growth in observation scores over time. The reliability investigation provides practical information about observation system designs with the potential to yield maximally reliable estimates of growth. The former analysis gives context for future work regarding growth in observation scores while the latter informs decision-makers regarding the best choices in designing observation systems if longitudinal growth estimates are a target measure of interest

ANALISIS EFISIENSI HUNIAN RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PASAMAN BARAT TAHUN 2016 DAN 2017

Tujuan Penelitian RSUD Pasaman Barat telah membuat Grafik Barber Johnson secara manual, pada tahun 2016 dan 2017 mengalami peningkatan untuk nilai indikator Barber Johnson tetapi belum memasuki daerah efisiensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi hunian rawat inap berdasarkan grafik Barber Johnson di RSUD Pasaman Barat. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mix method dengan sequental explanatory desain, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni - Agustus 2019. Data kuantitatif bersumber dari data sekunder SHRI dan analisis data kuantitatif secara deskriptif digunakan untuk melihat nilai indikator RS berada di garis efisien sedangkan data kualitatif dilakukan kepada 16 orang informan terdiri dari kepala/ wakil ruangan, administrasi ruangan dan petugas rekam medis, dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Teknik pemilihan informan dengan purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara triagulasi metode dan triagulasi sumber. Hasil Hasil penelitian berdasarkan Grafik Barber Johnson menunjukkan tidak terdapat titik temu ke empat indikator pada masing-masing kelas rawatan di RSUD Pasaman Barat pada tahun 2016 maupun 2017. Efisiensi hunian rawat inap pada tahun 2017 rumah sakit mengalami peningkatan dibuktikan dengan jumlah kunjungan 2017 meningkat disebabkan oleh kebijakan di era-JKN dan peraturan rumah sakit tetapi nilai indikator RS belum efisien menurut Baber Johnson. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tidak efisiennya hunian rawat inap ini adalah kekurangan sarana prasarana terutama gedung, keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan, lokasi rumah sakit. Kesimpulan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum terdapat kelas rawatan yang efisien dan terjadi peningkatan efisiensi hunian tempat tidur pada tahun 2017 yang disebabkan oleh kebijakan di era- JKN dan peraturan rumah sakit. Untuk mengatasi hal ini rumah sakit harus lebih memperhatikan kenyamanan pasien dan meningkatkan pelayanannya

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Usaha Keripik Pisang Di Desa Tanjung Baru Kecamatan Maje Kabupaten Kaur: banana chips business

Banana chips are usually still being created by home industries on a small scale.The home industry is popular in enhancing creation because of the minimal application of science and technology in the processing process and the lack of marketing methods. Base on this background, we carry aot dedication activities for the Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) with dedicated banana chips producers. Which is located in the Desa Wawoangi Kecamatan Sampolawa Kota Baubau Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Dedicated activities carried out are training in making banana chips, providing encouragement for equioment and materials to increase creation, training in entrepreneurial human resource management, technical tutorials on marketing strategies and cooperation, assistance in making packaging label designs, Assisting PIRT permits and halal certificates, increasing income. Partners so 2 times more then before. Fron this activity, it can be concluded that the problems experienced by partners before the dedication activities can be resolved after exploring community service activities..   Keywords:  Banana Chips, Entrepreneur (,)Kripik pisang biasanya masih diproduksi oleh industri rumahan dengan skala usaha yang relatif masih kecil. Industri rumahan sangat populer dalam masyarakat hal ini disebabkan oleh sedikitnya aplikasi IPTEK dalam proses pengolahan serta masih minimnya metode pemasaran. Bersumber pada latar balakang diatas maka kami melakukan aktivitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) dengan mitra melakukan produksi keripik pisang, yang terletak di desa Tanjung Baru Kecamatan Maje Kabupaten Kaur. Aktivitas Pengabdian yang dilakukan adalah pelatihan dan sosialisasi kepada para pengusaha pembuatan Kripik Pisang dengan bahan utamanya pisang Kapuk, pemberian dorongan perlengkapan serta bahan membuat tingkatkan penciptaan, sosialisasi kemampuan terhadap Sumber Daya Manusia dalam berwirausaha, strategi pemasaran usaha serta kerja sama, mendampingi dalam mendesain kemasan, membantu mengurus sertifikat izin edar serta sertifikat halal, kenaikan pemasukan mitra meningkat menjadi dua kali lipat dari tadinya. Aktivitasnya bisa dijelaskan kalau pemasalahan yang dialami oleh pengusaha saat dulu dan sekarang bisa dilihat sesudah mengadakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat atau dunia usaha khususnya pengusaha kripik Pisang

Further investigation of confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years: a systematic review.

Background: Further investigation of confirmed UTI in children aims to prevent renal scarring and future complications. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine the most effective approach to the further investigation of confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years of age. Results: 73 studies were included. Many studies had methodological limitations or were poorly reported. Effectiveness of further investigations: One study found that routine imaging did not lead to a reduction in recurrent UTIs or renal scarring. Diagnostic accuracy: The studies do not support the use of less invasive tests such as ultrasound as an alternative to renal scintigraphy, either to rule out infection of the upper urinary tract (LR- = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.68) and thus to exclude patients from further investigation or to detect renal scarring (LR+ = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.5, 4.8). None of the tests investigated can accurately predict the development of renal scarring. The available evidence supports the consideration of contrast-enhanced ultrasound techniques for detecting vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR), as an alternative to micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) (LR+ = 14.1, 95% CI: 9.5, 20.8; LR- = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.29); these techniques have the advantage of not requiring exposure to ionising radiation. Conclusion: There is no evidence to support the clinical effectiveness of routine investigation of children with confirmed UTI. Primary research on the effectiveness, in terms of improved patient outcome, of testing at all stages in the investigation of confirmed urinary tract infection is urgently required

Dose optimisation in paediatric radiography - using regression models to investigate the relative impact of acquisition factors on image quality and radiation dose

Objective: To investigate the optimum pelvis X-ray acquisition factors for a 10-year-old child. Secondly, to evaluate the impact of each acquisition factor on image quality (IQ) and radiation dose. Method: Images were acquired using a pelvis phantom and a range of acquisition parameters; e.g. tube potential, additional filtration and source-to-image distance (SID). Automatic exposure control (AEC) was used with two orientations (head towards/away from two outer chambers) and three different chamber selections. Visual IQ was evaluated using relative and absolute-VGA methods. Radiation doses were measured by placing a dosimeter on the anterior surface of the phantom. Regression analysis was used to determine optimum parameters. Results: The optimised technique (178.8 µGy), with diagnostic IQ, was with 89kVp, 130 cm SID and with 1 mm Al + 0.1 mm Cu filtration. This technique was with the head towards the two outer AEC chambers. Regression analysis showed that SID had the lowest impact on IQ (β = 0.002 95% CI −0.001 to 0.005) and dose (β = −0.96 95% CI −0.40 to −1.53). The impact of filtration on dose (β = −76.24 95% CI −86.76 to −85.72) was higher than tube potential (β = −13.44 95% CI −14.34 to −12.53). The following impact ratios were higher on IQ than radiation dose: filtration/kVp; 11.28 times, filtration/SID; 7.01 times and kVp/SID; 0.62 times. Conclusion: Optimised parameters were identified as 89 kVp, 130 cm SID and with 1 mm Al + 0.1 mm Cu additional filtration. Regression analysis demonstrated that filtration and tube potential had the greatest effect on radiation dose and IQ, respectively

Testing the London Atlas for age estimation in Thai population

Objectives: to test the London atlas for dental age estimation in Thai population.Materials and methods: The London atlas for age estimation was tested in 111 digital panoramic radiographs from the General Police Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The sample was composed of children (57♂ and 54 ♀) aged between 4.00 and 15.99 years. The intra- and inter-examiner variations of tooth stage reliability were tested in 10% sample using an Intraclass Correlation (ICC). The difference between chronological age (CA) and atlas for dental age (ADA) were investigated using a paired subjects t-test. The significance of the difference between CA and ADA was tested using the F-tests of the one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05 considered statistically significant). The analysis of variance considered the effects of sex, age group and the interaction between sex and age group. Other analyses included the difference of ADA by age group and the comparison between CA and ADA by sex. SPSS Statistics 24 was used for all analyses.Results: ADA correlated to CA with a discrepancy of 1.3 years maximum. There was no significant effect of sex (F (1, 87) = 0.278, p = .600), age group (F (11, 87) = 1.032, p = .426) and sex and age group (F (11, 87) = 1.238, p .275) between CA and ADA.Conclusions: The estimates of dental ages correlate and reasonably reflect the chronological ages of Thai children and adolescents for both males and females from age 4.00 to age 15.99