Skilled Care at Birth among Rural Women in Nepal: Practice and Challenges

In Nepal, most births take place at home, and many, particularly in rural areas, are not attended by a skilled birth attendant. The main objectives of the study were to assess the use of skilled delivery care and barriers to access such care in a rural community and to assess health problems during delivery and seeking care. This cross-sectional study was carried out in two Village Development Committees in Nepal in 2006. In total, 150 women who had a live birth in the 24 months preceding the survey were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The sample population included married women aged 15-49 years. Forty-six (31%) women delivered their babies at hospital, and 104 (69%) delivered at home. The cost of delivery at hospital was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of a delivery at home. Results of univariate analysis showed that women from Brahmin-Chhetri ethnicity, women with higher education or who were more skilled, whose husbands had higher education and more skilled jobs, had first or second childbirth, and having adverse previous obstetric history were associated with institutional delivery while women with higher education and having an adverse history of pregnancy outcome predicted the uptake of skilled delivery care in Nepal. The main perceived problems to access skilled delivery care were: distance to hospital, lack of transportation, lack of awareness on delivery care, and cost. The main reasons for seeking intrapartum care were long labour, retained placenta, and excessive bleeding. Only a quarter of women sought care immediately after problems occurred. The main reasons seeking care late were: the woman or her family not perceiving that there was a serious problem, distance to health facility, and lack of transport. The use of skilled birth attendants at delivery among rural women in Nepal is very poor. Home delivery by unskilled birth attendants is still a common practice among them. Many associated factors relating to the use of skilled delivery care that were identified included age, education and occupation of women, and education and occupation of husbands. Therefore, the availability of skilled delivery care services at the community, initiation of a primary health centre with skilled staff for delivery, and increasing awareness among women to seek skilled delivery care are the best solution

有線無線混在ネットワークにおけるパケットロスの原因を識別することによるTCPの性能改善

電気通信大学200

Reproductive outcomes following induced abortion : a national register-based cohort study in Scotland

PMID: 22869092 [PubMed] Free full textPeer reviewedPreprin

Tuning phase-stability and short-range order through Al-doping in (CoCrFeMn)100-xAlx high entropy alloys

For (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$ high-entropy alloys, we investigate the phase evolution with increasing Al-content (0 $\le$ x $\le$ 20 at.%). From first-principles theory, the Al-doping drives the alloy structurally from FCC to BCC separated by a narrow two-phase region (FCC+BCC), which is well supported by our experiments. We highlight the effect of Al-doping on the formation enthalpy and electronic structure of (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$ alloys. As chemical short-range order (SRO) in multicomponent alloys indicates the nascent local order (and entropy changes), as well as expected low-temperature ordering behavior, we use thermodynamic linear-response within density-functional theory to predict SRO and ordering transformation and temperatures inherent in (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$. The predictions agree with our present experimental findings, and other reported ones.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl

Health and management of hobby pigs : a review

Miniature pigs, like the Vietnamese pot-bellied pig and the Kunekune, are the most popular hobby pig breeds. Despite their popularity, the knowledge of their health and management is still scarce. They have an exemplary sense of smell and hearing, possess good adaptability and are easy to handle. A well-ventilated shelter space with an area for recreation, and incorporation of straw for manipulation prevents boredom. Drinking water must be provided at all times. Restricted feeding ones or twice a day is preferred to prevent obesity. Unexpected aggressive behavior may occur and lead to abandonment of pet pigs. Overgrowth of claws, mange and sunburns are common skin problems. Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli is a common problem in piglets. Neutering is recommended to prevent aggressive behavior and pungent smell in males and to avoid the risk of neoplasms. It is preferably done at a young age to avoid surgical complications. Prophylaxis against erysipelas and parasites are recommended biannually. Other periodical health care practices include tusk and hoof trimming

Tsunami impacts on shallow groundwater and associated water supply on the East Coast of Sri Lanka: a post-tsunami well recovery support initiative and an assessment of groundwater salinity in three areas of Batticaloa and Ampara Districts

Groundwater, Aquifers, Salinity, Natural disasters, Water supply, Drinking water, Wells, Rehabilitation, Mosquitoes, Disease vectors, Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Hereditary pattern of cancer

Three thousand nine hundred and twelve patients with cancer in various sites reporting to the out patient department were questioned for history of cancer among blood relatives. A positive history of cancer was obtained in 154 of whom 89 were male and 65 female. Thirty nine patients gave history of cancer among siblings and five gave history of cancer among spouses related by consanguneous marriage. The other 110 gave history of cancer among second and third generation relatives. Sixty one percent maternal relatives of the female patients had cancer as compared to only 33 percent of paternal relatives. This difference was not seen among male patients where there were about 45 percent of maternal and 47 paternal relatives giving history of cancer. Further it was found that 6 of 20 patients with cancer of the breast, 7 of 22 with stomach cancer and 4 of 12 with cervix cancer had blood relatives with the same type of cancer

Association between Obesity and Hypertension in South Indian Patients

Two hundred and forty four newly diagnosed hypertensives (cases) of age 40 years and above, attending the hypertensive clinic of the Government General Hospital during one year and three hundred and twelve normotensives (controls) belonging to the same age group and attending the outpatient department during the same period for other minor ailments formed the subjects for this case control study. There were 18 (7.4%) obese subjects among hypertensives and 6 (1.9%) among controls. Inspite of these low proportions, there was a strong association between obesity and hypertension with an overall odds ratio of 4 and there appeared to be a significant increasing trend in the proportion of cases of hypertension (37%, 63%, 75%) observed according to the different grades (underweight or normal. overweight, obese) of nutrition

Properties of Weakly Uniformly Recurrence on Hyperspaces

Let &nbsp;be an infinite compact metric space without isolated points and &nbsp;continuous on &nbsp;. Consider the space the set of all compact subsets of &nbsp;with Hausdorff metric &nbsp;and the induced map :&nbsp;defined by . In this paper we establish some properties of weakly uniformly recurrence and asymptotically sensitive dependence on initial conditions (to be defined below) on hyper space

Social Networking Site

Social Networking site is designed in Visual Studio 2008 and the database used is SQL Server 2008. Database has three tables: User table, Friends table and Scraps table. New User can register by Signing Up. Once the registration is completed, the User can log into his/her account and search for friends and send a friend request. Users can accept or deny the friend request. Users can send messages to their friends