Unsupervised Controllable Text Formalization

We propose a novel framework for controllable natural language transformation. Realizing that the requirement of parallel corpus is practically unsustainable for controllable generation tasks, an unsupervised training scheme is introduced. The crux of the framework is a deep neural encoder-decoder that is reinforced with text-transformation knowledge through auxiliary modules (called scorers). The scorers, based on off-the-shelf language processing tools, decide the learning scheme of the encoder-decoder based on its actions. We apply this framework for the text-transformation task of formalizing an input text by improving its readability grade; the degree of required formalization can be controlled by the user at run-time. Experiments on public datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our model towards: (a) transforming a given text to a more formal style, and (b) introducing appropriate amount of formalness in the output text pertaining to the input control. Our code and datasets are released for academic use.Comment: AAA

Community-based management of severe acute malnutrition in India: new evidence from Bihar.

BACKGROUND: An estimated one-third of the world's children who are wasted live in India. In Bihar state, of children -2 SDs and MUAC >110 mm. These variables changed in July 2010 to admission on the basis of an MUAC <115 mm and discharge at an MUAC ≥120 mm. Uncomplicated SAM cases were treated as outpatients in the community by using a WHO-standard, ready-to-use, therapeutic lipid-based paste produced in India; complicated cases were treated as inpatients by using F75/F100 WHO-standard milk until they could complete treatment in the community. RESULTS: A total of 8274 children were admitted including 5149 girls (62.2%), 6613 children aged 6-23 mo (79.9%), and 87.3% children who belonged to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, or Other Backward Caste families or households. Of 3873 children admitted under the old criteria, 41 children (1.1%) died, 2069 children (53.4%) were discharged as cured, and 1485 children (38.3%) defaulted. Of 4401 children admitted under the new criteria, 36 children (0.8%) died, 2526 children (57.4%) were discharged as cured, and 1591 children (36.2%) defaulted. For children discharged as cured, the mean (±SD) weight gain and length of stay were 4.7 ± 3.1 and 5.1 ± 3.7 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) and 8.7 ± 6.1 and 7.3 ± 5.6 wk under the old and new criteria, respectively (P < 0.01). After adjustment, significant risk factors for default were as follows: no community referral for admission, more severe wasting on admission, younger age, and a long commute for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first conventional CMAM program in India and has achieved low mortality and high cure rates in nondefaulting children. The new admission criteria lower the threshold for severity with the result that more children are included who are at lower risk of death and have a smaller WHZ deficit to correct than do children identified by the old criteria. This study was registered as a retrospective observational analysis of routine program data at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN13980582

Novel Optimization Technique for PI Controller Parameters of ac/dc PWM Converter using Genetic Algorithms

The aim of this paper is to present a novel control scheme and designing of reactance parameter of PWM convereterand,  find the optimized value of parameters for voltage PI controller for three phase ac/dc PWM converter. Using new trends Genetic algorithms- are discussed, as well.Paper describes the application of Genetic Algorithms for optimization of controller parameters of PWM converter. The behavior of the stability region is plotted with different sampling periods.Genetic Algorithms used for off-line searching Using the MATLAB, the simulation model of the dc- link PWM ac/dc converter is built up. According to the simulation results, it is known that, the presented control strategy is feasible and valid, and the converter can work well under dc motor load condition, and thus the total harmonics distortion (THD) can be reduced quickly and effectively. The PWM rectifier operates as a rectifier to supply dc power to its load a dc motor and at the same time, to improve the power factor and to compensate harmonics drawn from non-linear loads connected on the ac line.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v2i2.156

TREND ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL, TEMPERATURE AND RUNOFF DATA: A CASE STUDY OF RANGOON WATERSHED IN NEPAL

Purpose: The study has been carried out to investigate and assess the significance of the potential trend of three variables viz. rainfall, temperature and runoff over the Rangoon watershed in Dadeldhura district of Nepal.Methodology: In this study, trend analysis has been carried out on monthly, seasonal and annual basis using the data period between 1979 to 2010 for rainfall and temperature and 1967 to 1996 for runoff. Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimate test were applied to identify the existing trend direction and Sen’s slope estimator test were used to detect the trend direction and magnitude of change over time.Main findings: The most important findings are, i) There is warming trends over the Rangoon watershed as Mann-Kendall statistic (Z-value) for most of the maximum temperature values are positive, ii) Rainfall and runoff affected by fluctuations every year though the annual rainfall showing a rising trend whereas runoff showing a falling trend. The rainfall seasonal trend analysis indicates that monsoon and post-monsoon period showed a positive rainfall trend with z statistics of +1.93, and +1.12 respectively, whereas pre-monsoon and winter seasons showed a negative trend with z statistics of -1.02, and -0.54 respectively. However, the annual rainfall in the Rangoon watershed showed a positive trend with a z value of +1.70.Importance of this study: This case study has been undertaken to investigate the trends of important climatic variables viz. rainfall, temperature which have a direct impact on the agriculture of the region.Originality / Novelty of study: This is an original research work undertaken under the M. Tech programme during 2016-17 at IIT Roorkee by the scholar Er. Amar Bahadur Pal from Nepal.

DRIVERS AND ENABLERS OF AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT: STUDY OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA

HEI in India is plagued by many problems, one of the most noticeable being the high rate of attrition and turnover. While several factors account for turnover, one of the reasons for most employees is the lack of identification and belongingness with their institutions. The affection, however, does not evolve in a day and requires perennial nurturing from transformational leaders. Transformational Leaders pervade a feeling of belongingness among employees for their organization through transcendence of employees’ personal interests for organizational interests. The relationship between Transformational Leaders and Affective Commitment, though, is not necessarily linear or direct and can be better understood through identification of mediating variables. The present study assumes that perception of followers about characteristics of their job (JC) is the key psychological instrument in explaining relation between Transformational Leadership (TL) and Affective Commitment(AC)

Spectrum of malignant mediastinal masses at a tertiary care centre in Central India

Background: Malignant mediastinal masses can develop from structures that are normally located or pass through the mediastinum during development, as well as from metastases of malignancies that arise elsewhere in the body. Since many tumors that occur in the mediastinum are undifferentiated and have overlapping histologic features, one must consider a broad differential diagnosis and perform a thorough evaluation. This is particularly important since appropriate therapy for various mediastinal tumors differs considerably and may significantly impact survival.Methods: Ours was a retrospective descriptive study of 48 patients who presented or referred to medical oncology department from January 2014 to December 2017 and in whom malignant cause of mediastenal mass was established. All details of the patients pertinent epidemiology, clinical history and pathological including immunohistochemistry details were studied.Results: Out of 48 patients,14 cases (29.2%) were in adolescent and young adult age group (15-29 years). Majority of the patients were symptomatic (91.6%) with most common being cough (87.5%) followed by chest pain (81.5%) and dyspnoea (79.1%). Four of the patients presented with superior vena-caval syndrome. Most of the tumors (64.6%) are in anterior mediastenum region. Histopathological examination revealed non-hodgkins lymphoma in 31.25%, Hodgkins lymphoma in 18.75%, leukaemia in 6.25%, germ cell tumor in 8.33%, thymic neoplasms in 4.16%, neurogenic tumors in 4.16%, lung carcinoma in 10.4% and metastatic carcinoma in 10.4%.Conclusions: Malignant mediastinal masses have a broad range of diagnosis, establishing of which is important. While imaging help in narrowing the differential diagnosis, adequate pathological categorization should be done as many patients responds to specific line of therapy

A hybrid approach of VIKOR and bi-objective integer linear programming for electrification planning in a disaster relief camp

In this paper, we provide a model which optimizes the allocation of electricity generation systems, in terms of their number and location, in a disaster relief camp. The objectives that this model takes into account are minimization of the total cost of the project and prioritization of those generation systems that perform favourably. Energy and specifically electricity plays an important role in the provision of essential needs like lighting, water purification, heating, ventilation and medical care for displaced people. Disaster relief camps are commonly considered as off-grid projects, so individual generation and control systems are the main means of electrification. To support decision makers in electrification planning for temporary and semi-temporary camps, we propose a bi-objective integer linear programming model. The performance evaluation of technologies such as fuel generators, wind turbines and solar panels is conducted with an MCDM (VIKOR) approach. The model is applied on a hypothetical but realistic map site with data regarding commercially available equipment. The better performance of solar panels regarding the evaluation criteria have made them the dominant applied source of renewable electricity generation system and together with application of micro-grids in the model they have proven to reduce the cost of generation significantly. However, installing fuel generators have been found necessary for facilities which can cause a remarkable damage in case of electricity interruption. The model is promising in helping relief aid agencies to design an electrification project with minimum cost and maximum utility

Standardization of zygotic embryo culture from Nerium oleander L. and comparative analysis of biosynthesized cardiac glycosides within in vitro and acclimatized plants

The primary result of our experiment revealed that the germination percentage of N. oleander mature seeds is only 30%. From this observation, the concept of protocol standardization for zygotic embryo culture of this plant was originated. Zygotic embryo culture was proved an efficient in vitro multiplication system of N. oleander. The maximum germination percentage (96%) of zygotic embryos was observed on ¼ MS medium with 15 gm/L sucrose, whereas the best growth medium was optimized as ½ B5 with same sucrose concentration. The second part of this study was aimed to find out the cardiac glycoside accumulation pattern in both in vitro and acclimatized plants. For this purpose, one-month-old in vitro plantlets and acclimatized plants were subjected to LC-MS analysis and 09 cardiac glycosides were detected and quantified in both the systems. Most of the cardiac glycosides including odoroside A (32.71 mg/gm DW), odoroside H (4.69 mg/gm DW) and oleandrin (0.52 mg/gm DW) were found to be accumulated at maximum level within in vitro plantlets. CG 840b (1.89 mg/gm DW) is the only cardiac glycoside, which was maximally accumulated in acclimatized plants. From this study, it can be concluded that, zygotic embryo culture is a better choice for in vitro multiplication of N. oleander when compared to matured seeds and in vitro grown plantlets of this species favor cardiac glycosides biosynthesis in comparison to acclimatized plants. Therefore, all future research on the enrichment of cardiac glycosides from this plant may be conducted on zygotic embryos derived in vitro grown plantlets or cultures

COMPARISION OF LOCAL ANAESTHETIC POTENTIALS OF DRUGS HAVING MEMBRANE STABILIZING EFFECT ON INFILTRATION ANAESTHESIA IN GUINEA PIGS

Objective : To compare the local anaesthetic action of central neuron sodium channel blockers Phenytoin Sodium, Sodium Valproate and Carbamazepine with peripheral neuron sodium channel blockers Lignocaine using Infiltration anaesthesia in guinea pigs Material and Methods: In the present study,the local anaesthetic effect of Lignocaine with concentration of 0.2%, 0.1% ,0.05% was compared with Phenytoin Sodium, Sodium Valproate and Carbamazepine in concentrations of 0.2%, 0.1% ,0.05% using different dilutions of  0.05N,0.1N,0.2N HCL  in guinea pig by pricking on the skin produces a squeak or  movement  indicating pain is produced. Results : The results of our present study suggest onset of local anaesthesia with lignocaine 0.2% is significantly fast when compared with concentration of 0.1%, and 0.05% indicating it has better efficacy  when  using for various   local anaesthetic  procedures. In addition onset of local anaesthesia with Phenytoin sodium concentrations of 0.2%, 0.1% ,0.05%  is fast  when compared with Sodium valproate concentrations of 0.2%, 0.1% ,0.05%  and  Carbamazepine concentrations 0.2%, 0.1% ,0.05%. Conclusion: Among antiepileptic drugs with local anaesthesia and  membrane stabilizing activity Phenytoin sodium showed fast on set of action when compared with sodium valproate and Carbamazepine indicating it has better efficacy. Keywords : Local Anaesthetics, Membrane Stabilizing, Infiltration anaesthesia