Improvement of the ergonomical structure of Knapsack sprayer to propel cart sprayer (PCS)

A sprayer is a device used to spray a liquid projection mostly used in agriculture crop used to apply such as pesticides. The sprayer’s usage are based on the type of the background of the farmers scale in agriculture. Large scale of farmers will use the motorize sprayer that will help saving their time to pesticide a large are of corps [1]. Meanwhile, small scale of farmers will use a manual operated sprayer such as Knapsack Sprayer which it is a low cost, low maintenance and easy to use since it does not have engine when operated. Both type of the sprayer has its own advantages and disadvantages that will affect the user. Mainly the manual operated Knapsack Sprayer is a knapsack type, a burden that will make user carry the heavy load at their back while spraying pesticide. The weight of the mixture carried can be up to 17 kilograms depends on the density of the mixture whereas the safe weight lifting legalize by OSHA is 22.68 kilograms which the load almost near to its limit for average man and will affect the body locomotion and bones structure if carried in a long term period. Total sprayed area per full tank are 44.09 meters square [2]. The product that will be made are to counter this problem occur while using Knapsack Sprayer. This product using pushing force to spray the targeted area without having the user to carry a heavy burden while working

Improvement of the total mass and operating time of Knapsack sprayer to Propel Cart Sprayer (PCS)

There are two types of background of the farmers which are the large scale and small scale of agriculture. Usually, the large scale farmers will use the motorize Knapsack Sprayer while the small scale farmers will use manual-operated Knapsack Sprayer. The motorize Knapsack Sprayer that uses by the large scale of agriculture farmers’ area is to save the cost and time [1]. Unfortunately, both types of Knapsack Sprayer have their own ineffectiveness and risk especially the manual Knapsack Sprayer. The farmers that use the manual Knapsack Sprayer will have to carry the heavy load at their back while spraying the pesticide. These are a very burden to the farmers, especially for the old farmers. The weight of the mixture carried can be up to 17 kilograms depends on the density of the mixture whereas the safe weight lifting legalize by OSHA is 22.68 kilograms which the load almost near to its limit for average man and will affect the body locomotion and bones structure is carried in a long term period [2]. The total sprayed area per full tank is 44.09 meters square. The process of spraying the pesticide will slow down because the farmers have to bring the heavy load

Molecular Detection of Host-Specific Fecal Bacteria in Three Major Watersheds of Piedmont Georgia

Abstract Fecal pollution is a major concern in creeks and rivers. The aim of this study was to enumerate fecal coliform bacteria and identify the source of contamination using Microbial Source Tracking at three different creeks (Mountain Oak, Long Cane, and Ulcohatchee) in the Piedmont region of Georgia. Data collected in this research will be used to formulate watershed rehabilitation plans to decrease the transfer of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) into these creeks. Samples were collected at several sites along the creeks (4 sites at Mountain Oak, 10 sites at Long Cane, and 5 sites at Ulcohatchee). The site locations are near artificial land cover such as roads, bridges, or houses. IDEXX analysis was performed to quantify fecal coliform (FC) bacterial levels and qPCR using human and animal specific Bacteroidales markers was used for Microbial Source Tracking (MST). FC pollution was highest in the warmer months: June through October in the Mountain Oak creek, April through September in the Long Cane creek, and August in the Ulcohatchee creek. Some measurements exceeded the USEPA guidelines of 200 MPN/100ml for FC bacteria in recreational waters. The highest value of 1986.3 MPN/100ml was detected at site 1 at the Mountain Oak Creek in June. In the Long Cane creek, the maximum value of 933.3 MPN/100 ml was recorded at site 2 during September 2019. The maximum value at the Ulcohatchee creek was 1299.7 MPN/100ml which was recorded in August 2018 at site 1. Microbial source tracking analysis showed that horse was the major source of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in Mountain Oak creek and was detected mostly at sites 1 and 4. Cattle and deer were the major contributors in the Ulcohatchee creek. The cattle marker was detected on 7 different occasions at this creek and was detected on two separate accounts at sites 1 and 2. These two sites also had the highest overall average FC levels out of the five sites at this creek. In the Long Cane creek, beaver was the main source of FIB because it was detected at every site at least once during the three source tracking events. Cattle and the deer markers were most common in sites 5 and 6 of this watershed

AKSESIBILITAS INFORMASI GLOBAL DI KALANGAN MASYARAKAT PADA 2 DESA DI KECAMATAN BELOPA KABUPATEN LUWU (STUDI TENTANG PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ONLINE DI DAERAH PEDESAAN)

Digital divide in rural areas becomes important to be investigated so that later the results of this study can become literacy for the community in increasing the potential of human resources and social living standards through the use of information and communication technology. Research objectives (1) analyze the level of global information accessibility among rural communities in 4 community groups namely, groups of farmers, civil servants, students and housewives. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method to the study population originating from Belopa Village and Desa Senga Selatan. Samples taken amounted to 100 respondents with stratified sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis techniques are used to analyze the level of global information accessibility among rural communities. The results showed that (1) the level of global information accessibility among rural communities in the farmer group was quite low, where none of the 100 respondents surveyed used digital devices to access information through online media, (2) the level of global information accessibility in the group Civil servants are good enough where out of 100 respondents the most active PNS groups access information through online media, (3) the level of global information accessibility in the group of housewives is quite low where of the 100 respondents studied only 6% access information through online media

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to anthropogenic pollution and seawater intrusion in a small tropical island using index-based methods

In this work, the DRASTIC and GALDIT models were employed to determine the groundwater vulnerability to contamination from anthropogenic activities and seawater intrusion in Kapas Island. In addition, the work also utilized sensitivity analysis to evaluate the influence of each individual parameter used in developing the final models. Based on these effects and variation indices of the said parameters, new effective weights were determined and were used to create modified DRASTIC and GALDIT models. The final DRASTIC model classified the island into five vulnerability classes: no risk (110–140), low (140–160), moderate (160–180), high (180–200), and very high (>200), covering 4, 26, 59, 4, and 7 % of the island, respectively. Likewise, for seawater intrusion, the modified GALDIT model delineates the island into four vulnerability classes: very low (130) covering 39, 33, 18, and 9 % of the island, respectively. Both models show that the areas that are likely to be affected by anthropogenic pollution and seawater intrusion are within the alluvial deposit at the western part of the island. Pearson correlation was used to verify the reliability of the two models in predicting their respective contaminants. The correlation matrix showed a good relationship between DRASTIC model and nitrate (r = 0.58). In a similar development, the correlation also reveals a very strong negative relationship between GALDIT model and seawater contaminant indicator (resistivity Ωm) values (r = −0.86) suggesting that the model predicts more than 86 % of seawater intrusion. In order to facilitate management strategy, suitable areas for artificial recharge were identified through modeling. The result suggested some areas within the alluvial deposit at the western part of the island as suitable for artificial recharge. This work can serve as a guide for a full vulnerability assessment to anthropogenic pollution and seawater intrusion in small islands and will help policy maker and manager with understanding needed to ensure sustainability of the island’s aquifer

STUDENTS PERCEPTION ON ETHNIC RELATIONS COURSES: A Case Study at Universiti Utara Malaysia

The Ethnic Relations Course introduced in 2006 at Higher Education Institutions (IPT) is an attempt to address the issues of ethnic relations that are often an issue in country development. The course is a national medium towards creating an ethnical integration with diverse backgrounds of belief and culture. However, ethnic differences will certainly create diverse perceptions among students. If this is the case, then the offer of the course will not achieve its goal. The main objective of this study is to examine the students' attitudes based on the ethnic factors influencing the course offering. The research instrument was developed by the researcher based on the objectives of the course. Respondents were randomly selected from 300 people comprising of second semester Ethnic Relations course students in 2016/2017 at UUM. The findings showed that ethnic factors also influenced the perceptions difference between students towards the offer of Ethnic Relations course although not significant. To overcome this distinction, the government should extend the basic concepts of the course to students since the schooling

Transparansi Pengelolaan Dana Desa dalam Mendukung Pencegahan Covid-19 di Desa Tongke-Tongke Kabupaten Sinjai

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa transparansi pengelolaan dana desa untuk covid-19 dapat dikatakan sudah transparansi dalam pendistribusian yang sudah merata atau tepat sasaran terhadap masyarakat dibuktikan dengan hasil temuan dari kesediaan dan aksesibilitas pengelolaan BLT-Dana Desa di Desa Tongke-Tongke dimana menunjukan bahwa pemerintah desa telah menyediakan dokumen mengenai realisasi pengelolaan dana desa khususnya pengelolaan bantuan langsung tunai dan kegiatan PPKM bagi masyarakat yang bersifat informasi publik. Bentuk kejelasan  dan  kelengkapan  informasi  pengelolaan dana desa ditandai dengan adanya informasi publik yang diberikan kepada masyarakat melalui situs resmi desa, papan informasi dan spanduk/baliho. Dalam keterbukaan proses pengelolaan dana desa terhadap masyarakat telah dilakukannya musyawarah desa untuk penetapan calon penerima dengan adanya penyeleksian terhadap masyarakat penerima BLT-DD sesuai dengan regulasi yang telah ditetapkan agar dapat menjamin transparansi pengelolaan dana desa yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah desa. Penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pemerintah desa lainnya sebagai bahan evaluasi atau pertimbangan dalam pengelolaan dana desa dan sebagai sumber ilmu dan pengetahuan terkait dengan transparansi pengelolaan dana desa mendukung pelaksanaan PPKM Mikro dalam pencegahan pandemi covid-19 di Desa Tongke-Tongke

Takabur dalam Perspektif Hadis

Takabur is a behavior that refers to a person's arrogant, conceited, or boastful attitude towards other people. In Islam, takabur is referred to as one of the eight major sins that must be avoided, because it deviates or violates the principle of humility and the recognition that all humans are equal before Allah SWT. This research aims to identify and understand the factors that influence the development of takabur behavior based on hadith. The discussion in explains immoral behavior, its impacts, and how to avoid it referring to the hadith of the Prophet SAW. The method used in this research is contemporary hadith thematics. This research concludes that it is important for every individual to avoid takabbur and strive to develop an attitude of humility, humility, and simplicity through the application of hadith. &nbsp