An Overview of the BFO - Basic Formal Ontology - and Its Applicability for Satellite Systems

This work aims to present an overview of the top-level ontology BFO - Basic Formal Ontology - and its applicability for Satellite Systems. As an upper level ontology, the BFO was designed to be extended, providing the basis for the specification of detailed representational artifacts about scientific information domains. These aspects and the challenges of satellite systems complexity and large size compose a suitable scenario for the creation of a specialized dialect to improve efficiency and accuracy when modeling such systems. By analyzing BFO based ontologies in other disciplines and existing satellite models it is possible to describe an application for satellite systems, which can provide a foundation for the creation of a concrete ontology to be applied on satellite modeling

Persistência da atividade residual do BHC na superfície de diferentes materiais de construção

Em Mambaí (GO), a população faz uso de vários tipos de material de construção. Desde que tem sido detectada uma variabilidade de persistência da atividade de BHC, foram realizados experimentos laboratorais para testara capacidade destes materiais em reter a atividade do BHC. Estes experimentos consistiam na aplicação de um kit contendo 10 ninfas de 1° estágio de Dipetalogaster maximus e na verificação do tempo necessário para que houvesse 50% de mortalidade (TL50), depois de contatos contínuos com a superfície borrifada. Os testes foram feitos sempre em duplicata, utilizando-se controles adequados. Foram testados um total de 32 superfícies em 10 tipos de materiais, com intervalos de tempo até 627 dias após a borrifação. Os resultados obtidos levaram-nos às seguintes conclusões: 1)a atividade residual do BHC foi detectada, em nosso sistema de teste, até a observação final, 627 dias após a borrifação; 2) esta atividade variava bastante entre os diferentes materiais 88 dias após a borrifação. Esta variação parecia estar relacionada a mudanças na umidade relativa do ar; 3) de forma geral, a atividade residual do BHC, em nosso sistema, foi a seguinte, em ordem decrescente: adobe e tijolo não cozido, telha, folhas de palmeira, rebôco sem cal, capim e rebôco com cal, tijolo cozido e madeira.In Mambaí (Goiás) the population use various types of building materials. Since a variation in the persistence of BHC activity has been noted in different materiais, laboratory experiments were designed to investigate this aspect. The experiments employed a test kit of ten first instar Dipetalogaster maximus and verified the time necessary to achieve 50% mortality (LT50) after continuous contact with the sprayed surface. The tests were always done in duplicate with adequate Controls. Thirty-two surface from ten types of materials were tested at intervals up to 627 days after spraying. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1) the residual activity of BHC could be detected in ourtest system up to the final observation, 627 days after the test; 2) this activity variedgreatly among the different materiais 88 days after spraying. This variation was also related to variations in the atmospheric relative humidity; and 3) the capacity of the materiais to retain the residual activity of BHC in this system was the following in the order most efficient to least: adobe mud and unfired brick, tile, palm fronds and plaster without lime, straw and plaster with lime, fired brick and wood

O controle da transmissão da doença de Chagas em Mambaí - Goiás, Brasil (1982-1984)

A aplicação de inseticidas em Mambaí-GO, desde 1980, está determinando uma diminuição progressiva inicial de Triatoma infestans no intradomicilio, mas não a sua eliminação. A infestação triatominica foi detectada através de diversos métodos de vigilância imediata (transversal) e a longo prazo (longitudinal), com a colaboração dos próprios moradores. No primeiro ano de controle foi observada uma queda signiflcante de 28,6 % a 13,5%, mas devido a uma falha no programa de expurgos, em 1981, esta cifra voltou a elevar-se (23,2%). A continuidade desses expurgos nos anos seguintes resultou em um declínio gradual, atingindo em 1984 o nível de 14,2%. Simultaneamente a percentagem intradomiciliar de T. sórdida tendeu a aumentar, embora a infecção tripanossômica tenha sido sempre mínima. O conjunto destes achados sugerem que o controle do T. infestans com o uso exclusivo de inseticidas (BHC e Deltametrina) é difícil e oneroso. Precisando-se, portanto, o uso de medidas supletivas integradas aos sistemas de controle de doença de Chagas, que encorajam a participação ativa das comunidades afligidas, estimuladas mediante programas educativos.The spraying with insecticides in Mambaí - GO in 1980 caused a Progressive decrease of intradomiciliary T infestans but not its eradication. With the collaboration of the local population triatomine infestation was detected using several vigilance methods. In the first year of control there was a significant decrease from 28.6% to 13.5%, but because of failures in the spraying program during 1981, this level increased to 23.2%. The continuation of selective spraying in subsequent years resulted in a progressive fall, and in 1984 14.2% of the houses registered bugs. Simultaneously the percentage of intradomiciliary T. sórdida tended to increase but T. cruzi infection rema ined low. These findings suggest that control of T. infestans using only insecticides (BHC and Deltamethrin) is difficult and expensive. Community participation is essential in programmes for the control of Chagas ' disease. Consequently, the use of integrated measures is necessary in the control of Chagas' disease to encourage the active participation of afflicted communities, stimulated through educational programs

Energy for a Shared Development Agenda: Global Scenarios and Governance Implications

This report combines a global assessment of energy scenarios up to 2050, case studies of energy access and low-carbon efforts around the world, and a review of the technological shifts, investments, policies and governance structures needed to bring energy to all. How can the world meet energy needs for human and economic development in a way that is compatible with sustainable development? What is required is nothing less than a massive transformation of energy systems and rapid turnovers of infrastructure and technology, all of which must be achieved while staying within climate and resource constraints. Though the challenge is great, the energy and sustainability scenarios in this report show that it can be met. However, while these scenarios sketch out transformation pathways in broad strokes, the devil is in the detail. This study also explores how to successfully implement change, via case studies of energy transformation and reviews of policy mechanisms and governance frameworks. Over the coming decade, policymakers around the world need to build a shared development agenda to address these challenges. It is hoped that this study will help to lay the foundations for such an effort

Is MR Spectroscopy Really the Best MR-Based Method for the Evaluation of Fatty Liver in Diabetic Patients in Clinical Practice?

Objective: To investigate if magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the best Magnetic Resonance (MR)-based method when compared to gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection and quantification of liver steatosis in diabetic patients in the clinical practice using liver biopsy as the reference standard, and to assess the influence of steatohepatitis and fibrosis on liver fat quantification.Methods: Institutional approval and patient consent were obtained for this prospective study. Seventy-three patients with type 2 diabetes (60 women and 13 men; mean age, 5469 years) underwent MRI and MRS at 3.0 T. the liver fat fraction was calculated from triple-and multi-echo gradient-echo sequences, and MRS data. Liver specimens were obtained in all patients. the accuracy for liver fat detection was estimated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the correlation between fat quantification by imaging and histolopathology was analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients.Results: the prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 92%. All gradient-echo MRI and MRS findings strongly correlated with biopsy findings (triple-echo, rho = 0.819; multi-echo, rho = 0.773; MRS, rho = 0.767). Areas under the ROC curves to detect mild, moderate, and severe steatosis were: triple-echo sequences, 0.961, 0.975, and 0.962; multi-echo sequences, 0.878, 0.979, and 0.961; and MRS, 0.981, 0.980, and 0.954. the thresholds for mild, moderate, and severe steatosis were: triple-echo sequences, 4.09, 9.34, and 12.34, multi-echo sequences, 7.53, 11.75, and 15.08, and MRS, 1.71, 11.69, and 14.91. Quantification was not significantly influenced by steatohepatitis or fibrosis.Conclusions: Liver fat quantification by MR methods strongly correlates with histopathology. Due to the wide availability and easier post-processing, gradient-echo sequences may represent the best imaging method for the detection and quantification of liver fat fraction in diabetic patients in the clinical practice.D'Or Institute for Research and EducationFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)DOr Inst Res & Educ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Phys Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Paris Diderot Sorbonne, Paris, FranceUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Literacia midiática, audiovisual e memória: o uso do documentário como fonte histórica

This article seeks to articulate the fields of media literacy and memory. The aim of this study is to address how audiovisual productions contribute to producing knowledge and perceptions regarding historical facts. Our focus is especially on Brazilian History and the documentary genre. The analysis are based on the results of the first module of the Media Literacy, Audiovisual and Memory initiative. Implemented through an optional course, created specifically for the project, the documentary's own elements were explored to understand its narrative strategies. To guide the analyses developed during the course, the dimensions of media competence were used (Férres; Piscitelli, 2015). The development of a formative path for the proposed debate is the objective of the presented project.Este trabajo busca articular los campos de la alfabetización mediática y la memoria. El objetivo de este estudio es abordar cómo las producciones audiovisuales contribuyen a la producción de conocimiento y percepciones sobre hechos históricos. Nos centramos especialmente en la historia de Brasil y en el género documental. El análisis se basa en los resultados del primer módulo de la iniciativa Alfabetización Mediática, Audiovisual y Memoria. Implementado a través de un curso optativo, creado específicamente para el proyecto, se exploraron los elementos propios del documental para entender sus estrategias narrativas. Para guiar los análisis, se utilizaron las dimensiones de competencia mediática (Férres; Piscitelli, 2015). El desarrollo de un itinerario formativo para el debate propuesto es el objetivo del proyecto presentado.O artigo visa articular os campos da literacia midiática e memória. O foco do estudo é abordar como as produções audiovisuais contribuem para gerar conhecimento e percepções em relação aos fatos históricos. Nosso olhar se direciona especialmente à História do Brasil e ao gênero documentário. As reflexões se baseiam nos resultados do primeiro módulo da iniciativa Literacia Midiática, Audiovisual e Memória. Implementada por meio de disciplina opcional, criada especificamente para o projeto, exploraram-se os elementos próprios do formato visando a compreensão de suas estratégias narrativas. Para guiar as análises desenvolvidas durante o período, recorreu-se às dimensões da competência midiática (Férres; Piscitelli, 2015). O desenvolvimento de um percurso formativo para o debate proposto, é o objetivo do projeto apresentado

DA CULPABILIDADE NORMATIVA

SUMÁRIO: A culpabilidade normativa e seus problemas. 2 — Conceito de culpabilidade. — Fundamento da culpabilidade. 4 — Imputação objetiva e subjetiva. 5 — Motivação censurável. 6 — Estrutura da culpabilidade. 7 — A norma violada. 8 — Objeção de Mezger. 9 — Objeção de Moro. 10 — Conclusão