Identification and characterization of a novel non-structural protein of bluetongue virus

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of a major disease of livestock (bluetongue). For over two decades, it has been widely accepted that the 10 segments of the dsRNA genome of BTV encode for 7 structural and 3 non-structural proteins. The non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3/NS3a) play different key roles during the viral replication cycle. In this study we show that BTV expresses a fourth non-structural protein (that we designated NS4) encoded by an open reading frame in segment 9 overlapping the open reading frame encoding VP6. NS4 is 77–79 amino acid residues in length and highly conserved among several BTV serotypes/strains. NS4 was expressed early post-infection and localized in the nucleoli of BTV infected cells. By reverse genetics, we showed that NS4 is dispensable for BTV replication in vitro, both in mammalian and insect cells, and does not affect viral virulence in murine models of bluetongue infection. Interestingly, NS4 conferred a replication advantage to BTV-8, but not to BTV-1, in cells in an interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral state. However, the BTV-1 NS4 conferred a replication advantage both to a BTV-8 reassortant containing the entire segment 9 of BTV-1 and to a BTV-8 mutant with the NS4 identical to the homologous BTV-1 protein. Collectively, this study suggests that NS4 plays an important role in virus-host interaction and is one of the mechanisms played, at least by BTV-8, to counteract the antiviral response of the host. In addition, the distinct nucleolar localization of NS4, being expressed by a virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm, offers new avenues to investigate the multiple roles played by the nucleolus in the biology of the cell

Specific Methodological Approach for Establishing and Verifying Cause in Forensic Examination

The task of establishing the cause of certain facts, events, or processes is one of the most common tasks that courts systematically assign to experts. The article presents a methodological approach for justifying the cause during the preparation of a written opinion within the framework of forensic examination. This approach allows to identify the cause of the investigated event among various factors and can be useful in the context of forensic investigation both to justify conclusions about the cause and to verify the completeness and reliability of the conducted investigation as an express analysis

On Some Issues of an Expert Study of the Readiness and Cost of Design Documentation for Construction Projects

The article discusses some aspects of the study of the readiness and cost of design documentation of construction projects in forensic examination; establishes the objects of such examination; describes their quality criteria. The authors analyze the most common mistakes in forensic research, as well as the possibilities for solving terminological problems and integrating conceptual fields of different sciences. They also show the perspectives of applying the theory of qualimetry and the economic theory of utility in an expert study of the readiness and cost of design documentation for construction projects. A general comprehensive assessment of project quality has been developed: special attention has been paid to absolute and relative indicators of the readiness of project documentation.The authors propose a reasonable version of the calculation justification for the degree of readiness of project documentation, they show the advantages of the suggested methodological approach, and first of all, the possibility of applying computer processing of results and the relative simplicity of the software calculation algorithm

Some electrophysiologic signs of impairment of verbal prediction in schizophrenia (Russian)

In a study of speech prediction in schizophrenic patients the authors registered the EEG with the use of a computer, and the coefficients of signal correlation. It was established that after the perception of the second word in 3 member phrases with an easily predictable ending, in normal subjects there was a significant increase in the number of synchronously oscillating cortical points, particularly in the frontal area. In schizophrenic patients it was possible to observe a reverse, more diffuse cortical activation, involving the lower sincipital areas. The amplitude of the skin galvanic reaction in normal subjects progressively declined during the perception of phrases which could be anticipated and increased markedly upon the perception of the expected word. This was not observed in schizophrenia. It may be inferred that in schizophrenia it is not so much the mechanism of speech preception and prediction that is disturbed but rather the mechanism of regulating these processes which are controlled by the frontal areas of the brain

HUMAN GENOME FROM THE MOTHER + HUMAN GENOME FROM THE FATHER = PERSONAL DATA. LEGAL ISSUES OF DNA-IDENTIFICATION OF THE PERSON AND DNA-REGISTRATION OF THE POPULATION

The use of science and relevant innovative technologies for the development of tools and techniques for detecting and investigating crimes is an urgent task of increasing the effectiveness of fighting crime at the current stage. It is shown that in order to identify a person by a DNA molecule, it is sufficient to study and encode only a half of the body's chromosomes, that is, its haploid set. However, only the complete (diploid) genome determines the phenotypic and other biological characteristics of the organism. Purpose: to emphasize the erroneous use of information on the reference (artificially collected) quasi-haploid human genome, including in DNA-forensic science. Another purpose is to prove the necessity of conducting universal DNA (genomic) registration of the population only on the basis of neutral DNA markers (arguments are made for this view). Ethical issues arising from DNA phenotyping as part of investigations are addressed. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; specific scientific methods: comparative-legal, system-structural, analysis, modeling, social survey and interpretation of legal norms. Results: the research identifies the possibilities of establishing more complete characteristics of a person in genome-wide studies (diploid genomes); the advantages of SNP-loci (SNPs) studies in relation to STR-loci studies are considered. The article shows the possibilities of using new technologies for DNA identification of the person as a result of universal genomic registration of the population of the Russian Federation

Частный методический прием установления и верификации причины при производстве судебной экспертизы

The task of establishing the cause of certain facts, events, or processes is one of the most common tasks that courts systematically assign to experts. The article presents a methodological approach for justifying the cause during the preparation of a written opinion within the framework of forensic examination. This approach allows to identify the cause of the investigated event among various factors and can be useful in the context of forensic investigation both to justify conclusions about the cause and to verify the completeness and reliability of the conducted investigation as an express analysis. Задача установления причины определенного рода фактов, событий или процессов относится к ряду наиболее распространенных, которые суды систематически ставят на разрешение экспертов. В статье предложен методический прием обоснования причины при подготовке письменного заключения в рамках судебной экспертизы. Подход позволяет выделить из большого количества факторов причину исследуемого события и может быть полезен в рамках судебно-экспертного исследования как для обоснования выводов о причине, так и для проверки полноты и достоверности проведенного исследования в качестве экспресс-анализа

β2-adrenoretseptry arteries of back finiteness at adaptation to a cold

At adaptation to a cold of rabbits for 30th day the quantity, but not sensitivity β2-adrenoretseptorov arteries changes

Опыт хирургического лечения больных туберкулезом с поражением костей и суставов различной этиологии

Introduction. A decrease in the number of patients with tuberculosis of the bone system coincides with an increase in the number of indications and methods for operational treatment. The continuing development in skeletal tuberculosis surgery techniques determines the search for a material capable of replacing autologous bone. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to enhance the results of treatment of spinal caries to speed up treatment of tuberculous osteomyelitis by applying collagen material and to solve the issues of orthopedic alignment for TB patients.Materials and methods. Surgical treatment was carried out on 32 patients in 2016–2018. The patients were divided into several groups: 18 underwent transpedicular fixation of the spine, 2 had concomitant HIV-infection, 2 underwent necrectomy of vertebral bodies with anterior spondylodesis lift system, 1 underwent necrectomy of vertebral bodies with bone autoplasty and with plate fixation, 2 had cervical spine fixation, while 2 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the humerus traumatic fracture received intramedullary surgery.Results. 31 patients reported a positive dynamic following surgery, while a fatal outcome not connected with the surgery was experienced in one case. Complications included allergic reaction in one case, while three patients developed postoperative wound seroma (both patients having HIV infection). One patient reported pain in the lower extremities following TPF. 3 patients with osteitis underwent necrectomy and filling of cavities with collagen material. Wounds were healed by secondary healing, while no rejection of collagen material took place.Conclusions. Introduction of collagen material in osteitis treatment can speed up fistula healing. The research work demonstrated the possibility of providing trauma care to patients under the conditions of an antitubercular centre.Введение. На сегодняшний день имеются тенденции к уменьшению количества пациентов с туберкулезом костной системы и расширению показаний и способов их оперативного лечения. Развитие хирургии туберкулеза костей определяет «поиски нового материала, способного заменить аутокость». В этой связи основная цель данной работы: улучшить результаты лечения туберкулезного спондилита, ускорить излечение туберкулезных остеомиелитов применением коллагенового материала и решить проблемы ортопедического лечения больных туберкулезом.Материалы и методы. В 2016–2018 гг. хирургическое лечение проведено у 32 пациентов. Пациенты представляли несколько групп: 18 пациентам выполнена транспедикулярная фиксация позвоночника, у двоих сопутствующей патологией была ВИЧ-инфекция, 2 выполнена некрэктомия тел позвонков с передним спондилодезом лифт-системой, 1 пациенту — некрэктомия тел позвонков с аутопластикой костью и фиксацией пластиной, 2 пациентам — фиксация накостной пластиной шейного отдела позвоночника, 2 пациентам с туберкулезом легких при травматическом переломе плечевой кости установлена интрамедуллярная система.Результаты. После операции 31 пациент отмечал положительную динамику, летальный исход был в одном случае (не связан с операцией). Из осложнений наблюдались аллергическая реакция в одном случае, у трех пациентов — серома послеоперационной раны (у обоих пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией). Одна пациентка после ТПФ отметила появление болевого синдрома в нижних конечностях. 3 больным с оститами сделана некрэктомия, пломбировка полостей коллагеновым материалом. Заживление ран произошло через вторичное заживление, отторжения коллагенового материала не произошло.Заключение. Внедрение коллагенового материала в лечение оститов позволяет ускорить заживление свищей. Обоснована возможность оказания травматологической помощи больным в условиях противотуберкулезного учреждения

Опыт взаимодействия ОАО «Корпорация ВСМПО-АВИСМА» и Верхнесалдинского филиала УрФУ по организации лабораторного практикума

The paper presents the laboratories in the branch of Ural Federal University in Verkhnyaya Salda for arrangement of the laboratory practice for realization of educational programs for JSC VSMPO-AVISMA Corporation.В работе представлены лаборатории филиале УрФУ в г. Верхняя Салда для организации лабораторного практикума с целью реализации образовательных программ для ОАО «Корпорация ВСМПО-АВИСМА»