Production of Pectinase from Bacillus sonorensis MPTD1

U radu je ispitanaproizvodnja pektinaze na podlozi s agarom s pomoću sedam sojeva bakterija izoliranih iz pokvarenog voća i povrća. Najučinkovitiji soj, MPTD1, identificiran je kao soj bakterije Bacillus sonorensis. Primjenom Plackett-Burman i Box-Behnken statističkih planova optimirani su različiti parametri, te je utvrđeno da udjeliekstrakta kvasca, K2HPO4,NaNO3i KCl te vrijeme inkubacije negativno utječu na proizvodnju pektinaze. Najveća postignuta aktivnost enzima bila je 2,43 (μM/mL)/min. U ovom je radu po prvi put opisana proizvodnja pektinaze s pomoću bakterije Bacillus sonorensis.Seven isolates from spoiled fruits and vegetables were screened for pectinase produc¬tion using pectin agar plates and the most efficient bacterial strain, MPTD1, was identified as Bacillus sonorensis. Optimisation of various process parameters was done using Plack¬ett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs and it was found that parameters like yeast extract, K2HPO4, incubation time, NaNO3 and KCl have a negative impact on pectinase production. Parameters like pH and MgSO4 and pectin mass fractions have a positive impact on pecti¬nase production. The maximum obtained enzyme activity was 2.43 (μM/mL)/min. This is the first report on pectinase production by Bacillus sonorensis

Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry

Uporaba enzima i mikroorganizama za pripremu hrane poznata je od davnina. S napretkom tehnologije razvijeni su novi enzimi specifičnih svojstava i širokog raspona primjene, te se neprestano traga za novim mogućnostima njihove uporabe. Bakterije, kvasci i gljivice te njihovi enzimi često se upotrebljavaju za pripremu hrane poboljšanog okusa i teksture, a ekonomski su isplativi. Mikrobni enzimi se koriste u većoj mjeri nego biljni i životinjski enzimi, i to zbog jednostavnije i jeftinije proizvodnje te njihove postojane kvalitete. U ovom se revijalnom prikazu raspravlja o najnovijim postignućima u tehnologiji proizvodnje enzima u prehrambenoj industriji. Naveden je opsežan popis enzima koji se koriste za obradu hrane, mikroorganizama iz kojih su proizvedeni, te je dan pregled njihove raznovrsne primjene.The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food preparations is an age-old process. With the advancement of technology, novel enzymes with wide range of applications and specificity have been developed and new application areas are still being explored. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi and their enzymes are widely used in several food preparations for improving the taste and texture and they offer huge economic benefits to industries. Microbial enzymes are the preferred source to plants or animals due to several advantages such as easy, cost-effective and consistent production. The present review discusses the recent advancement in enzyme technology for food industries. A comprehensive list of enzymes used in food processing, the microbial source of these enzymes and the wide range of their application are discussed

Growth promoting activities of antagonistic bacterial endophytes from Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.

Rubber plantations are known to udergo various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the symbiotic bacterial endophytes that inhabit them provide protection. Here, we isolated bacterial endophytes from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. and studied their antagonistic activity against major pathogens such as Phytophthora meadii, Corynespora cassiicola and Corticium salmonicolar. The antifungal metabolites such as HCN, siderophores and salicylic acid were produced by the antagonistic endophytes under in vitro conditions. Bioassay showed the growth promotion by a consortium of selected antagonistic endophytes in H. brasiliensis seedlings. The photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings increased after endophyte inoculation. Endophyte-treated plants showed accumulation of starch granules in root tissues. The selected antagonistic isolates belong to Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The study revealed the biocontrol and growth promoting potential of bacterial endophytes from H. brasiliensi

Fumaric acid production from sugarcane trash hydrolysate using Rhizopus oryzae NIIST 1

Production of organic acids through fermentation of biomass feedstock is a potent strategy for co-product generation and improving economics in lignocellulose biorefinery. Sugar cane trash (SCT), a surplus available agro-residue, was exploited for the production of fumaric acid - a dicarboxylic acid with applications in the synthesis of polyester resins, as mordant and as a food additive. The isolate NIIST 1 which showed the production of fumaric acid was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. Media engineering was carried out and a maximum production of fumaric acid in SCT hydrolysate incorporated media was 5.2 g/L. Response surface analyses of the interaction of parameters indicated the importance of maintaining a high C/N ratio. Results indicate the scope for developing the Rhizopus oryzae strain NIIST 1 as a potent organism for fumaric acid production, since only a few microorganisms have the ability to produce industrially relevant compounds using lignocellulose biomass hydrolysates

Growth promoting activities of antagonistic bacterial endophytes from Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.

827-833Rubber plantations are known to udergo various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the symbiotic bacterial endophytes that inhabit them provide protection. Here, we isolated bacterial endophytes from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. and studied their antagonistic activity against major pathogens such as Phytophthora meadii, Corynespora cassiicola and Corticium salmonicolar. The antifungal metabolites such as HCN, siderophores and salicylic acid were produced by the antagonistic endophytes under in vitro conditions. Bioassay showed the growth promotion by a consortium of selected antagonistic endophytes in H. brasiliensis seedlings. The photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings increased after endophyte inoculation. Endophyte-treated plants showed accumulation of starch granules in root tissues. The selected antagonistic isolates belong to Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The study revealed the biocontrol and growth promoting potential of bacterial endophytes from H. brasiliensis

Fumaric acid production from sugarcane trash hydrolysate using Rhizopus oryzae NIIST1

548-556Production of organic acids through fermentation of biomass feedstock is a potent strategy for co-product generation and improving economics in lignocellulose biorefinery. Sugar cane trash (SCT), a surplus available agro-residue, was exploited for the production of fumaric acid - a dicarboxylic acid with applications in the synthesis of polyester resins, as mordant and as a food additive. The isolate NIIST1 which showed the production of fumaric acid was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. Media engineering was carried out and a maximum production of fumaric acid in SCT hydrolysate incorporated media was 5.2 g/L. Response surface analyses of the interaction of parameters indicated the importance of maintaining a high C/N ratio. Results indicate the scope for developing the Rhizopus oryzae strain NIIST1 as a potent organism for fumaric acid production, since only a few microorganisms have the ability to produce industrially relevant compounds using lignocellulose biomass hydrolysates

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Strapping for temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is a common problem seen in many of the dental clinics. Management of this depends on an accurate diagnosis of the cause for the TMJD. Physical therapy and rehabilitation play a vital role in the management of these dysfunctions. Physical therapy is useful in treating post-traumatic stiffness of the TMJ while strapping of the TMJ for a dysfunction along with conventional physical therapy is of benefit in terms of reduction in click, decrease in pain, and an improvement in function