PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR GARIS SINGGUNG LINGKARAN DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF TIPE LEARNING TOURNAMENT (PTK pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP N 6 Rembang Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar garis singgung lingkaran melalui strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe Learning Tournament. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang bersifat kolaboratif antara peneliti dan guru matematika sebagai pelaku tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian yang dikenai tindakan adalah siswa kelas VIII D SMP N 6 Rembang yang berjumlah 28 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode observasi, metode tes, metode catatan lapangan, dan metode dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan triangulasi dengan penyidik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1) Banyaknya siswa yang bertanya bila belum jelas sebelum diadakan tindakan sebesar 10,7%, di akhir tindakan menjadi 71,43%. 2) Siswa yang memperhatikan selama proses pembelajaran sebelum diadakan tindakan sebesar 50%, di akhir tindakan menjadi 92,86% 3) Siswa yang menjawab/menanggapi pertanyaan sebelum diadakan tindakan sebesar 10,7%, di akhir tindakan menjadi 78,57%. Hasil tes tertulis yang dilakukan sebelum tindakan dan sesudah diadakan tindakan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada prestasi belajar siswa. Sebelum adanya tindakan prestasi belajar siswa yang memperoleh nilai >59 sebesar 21,43% dan di akhir tindakan menjadi 78,57%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah motivasi dan prestasi belajar garis singgung lingkaran dapat ditingkatkan dengan pembelajaran aktif tipe Learning Tournament

Second-Generation Africans in the west could spur an era of brain gain

LSE alumnus Amma Aboagye examines the economic benefits that could emerge from children resulting from the mass exodus of African migrants to the West during the 1980s and 1990s

A flexible, scaleable approach to the international patent 'name game'. Bruegel Working Paper 2014/10i, September 2014

The inventors in PATSTAT are often duplicates: the same person or company may be split into multiple entries in PATSTAT, each associated to different patents. In this paper, we address this problem with an algorithm that efficiently de-duplicates the data. It needs minimal manual input and works well even on consumer-grade computers. Comparisons between entries are not limited to their names, and thus this algorithm is an improvement over earlier ones that required extensive manual work or overly cautious clean-up of the names

A scaleable approach to emissions-innovation record linkage

This paper reports an approach to linking data on European emitters to data on their innovation practices. We illustrate a straightforward approach to record linkage between the European Union Community Integrated Transaction Log (CITL) and the PATSTAT international patent database. We show how that record linkage can be maintained with relatively minimal human input

A flexible, scaleable approach to the international patent 'name game'

This paper reports a new approach to disambiguation of large patent databases. Available international patent databases do not identify unique innovators. Record disambiguation poses a significant barrier to subsequent research. Present methods for overcoming this barrier couple ad-hoc rules for name harmonisation with labourintensive manual checking. We present instead a computational approach that requires minimal and easily automated data cleaning, learns appropriate record-matching criteria from minimal human coding, and dynamically addresses both computational and data-quality issues that have impeded progress. We show that these methods yield accurate results at rates comparable to outcomes from more resource-intensive hand coding

Computer-assisted orthopedic training system for fracture fixation

Background: Surgical training has been greatly affected by the challenges of reduced training opportunities, shortened working hours, and financial pressures. There is an increased need for the use of training systems in developing psychomotor skills of the surgical trainee. Aims: To develop the training system for fracture fixation and validate its effectiveness in a cohort of junior orthopedic trainees. Training System: Computer-navigated training system uses the 2 sets of images from the c-arm while the registration phantom is placed in the fluoroscopic imaging space which permits determination of the position of the x-ray source and the image plane that then guides the trainee to navigate the surgical instruments into the three-dimensional space. No further c-arm exposures are taken during the entire procedure. Materials and Method: The training system was developed to simulate dynamic hip screw fixation. Twelve orthopedic senior house officers performed dynamic hip screw fixation before and after the training on the training system. The results were assessed based on the scoring system that included the amount of time taken, accuracy of guidewire placement, and the number of exposures requested to complete the procedure. Results: The result shows a significant improvement in the amount of time taken, accuracy of fixation, and the number of exposures after the training on the simulator system. The paired student t-test was used and statistically significant results were obtained (p-value< 0.05). Conclusion: Computer-navigated training system appears to be a good training tool for young orthopedic trainees. This system can be used to augment training in the operating room and trainees acquire their skills in a "nonthreatening and unhurried environment." The system has the potential to be used in various other orthopedic procedures for learning of technical skills in a manner aimed at ensuring a smooth escalation in task complexity leading to the better performance of procedures in the operating theater

Investigating Differentiation: A Role for Organelle Inheritance in Epidermal Growth

Balanced growth and differentiation is essential to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. How imbalances arise in disease states such as cancers is poorly understood. Loss of differentiation is associated with poorer prognosis in human patients and increasing malignancy in animal models. Here we explore this intersection between growth and differentiation in the context of epidermal development, where populations of stem cells are maintained in careful equilibrium and induced to proliferate and differentiate in response to stimuli such as injury or cyclical growth signals. During development, a naïve epidermis undergoes rapid proliferation and differentiation to form skin containing hair follicles, neurons, immune surveillance populations and melanocytes. The epidermis maintains homeostasis through many phases of development including rapid cytoskeletal dynamics and temporally coupled inductions of protein synthesis. However, it is still poorly understood how this maintenance is coordinated and sustained. After creating a quantitative differentiation assay to fractionate proliferative and differentiating cells from the embryonic mouse epidermis, I used transcriptional profiling to gain a deeper understanding of novel aspects of this process in vivo. By profiling time points across development spanning the naïve and fully competent epidermis I dissected mechanisms essential for establishing and maintaining the differentiated interfollicular epidermis. This map of the transcriptional landscape served as a tool for forming hypotheses about the association between a pathway or molecule of interest and epidermal development. Probing these profiles allowed me to directly assess the correlation between expression levels and known key regulators of epidermal differentiation. With this new understanding of signatures associated with key differentiation steps in the normal epidermis, I explored how genes commonly dysregulated in epithelial tumors may be involved in this developmental differentiation process. I mined my transcriptional profiles to identify overlap with genes reported to be dysregulated in a range of epithelial tumors. I then devised in vivo epidermal RNAi screen to identify which of these genes were candidate regulators of normal epidermal development. In utero lentiviral injection allows for direct manipulation of the developing epidermis and continued embryo development. The goal of the screen was to assess whether when a particular gene is lost during early epidermal development, the resulting epidermal clone is formed normally with respect to differentiation. Using a quantitative differentiation assay in combination with barcoded high throughput sequencing, I revealed how each gene altered differentiation. My screen identified a number of novel target genes likely to regulate individual steps of differentiation or differentiation more globally. The use of a tumor prone TGFbRII conditional knockout mouse line allowed for comparison of differentiation behavior in a more disease relevant setting. The use of wild type embryos implicated surprising new genes as potential regulators of differentiation. Focusing on one unexpected hit, peroxisome-associated protein PEX11b, I found that Pex11b-deficient epidermis fails to differentiate and form a barrier essential for life. Further study revealed mitotic changes associated with Pex11b-deficient basal progenitors including a mitotic delay, during which spindles rotate uncontrollably, perturbing polarized divisions and skewing daughter fates. Probing deeper, we discovered that without PEX11b, peroxisomes function, but fail to segregate properly. Intriguingly, peroxisome localization is directly coupled to mitotic progression, and when peroxisomes are ectopically mis-localized, mitotic abnormalities occur. Together, our findings unveil a hitherto unforeseen role for organelle inheritance in mitosis and spindle alignment, in the choice of daughter progenitors to differentiate or remain stem-like, and in maintaining proper tissue architecture