Multichannel ECG Analysis Using VPW-FRI

In this paper, we present an application of Variable Pulse Width Finite Rate of Innovation (VPW-FRI) in dealing with multichannel Electrocardiogram (ECG) data using a common annihilator. By extending the conventional FRI model to include additional parameters such as pulse width and asymmetry, VPWFRI has been able to deal with a more general class of pulses. The common annihilator, which is introduced in the annihilating filter step, shows a common support in multichannel ECG data, which provides interesting possibilities in compression. A model based de-noising method will be presented which is fast and noniterative. Also, an application to detect QRS complexes in ECG signals will be demonstrated. The results will show the robustness of the common annihilator and the QRS detection even in the presence of noise

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients presenting with pituitary apoplexy

Purpose: To review the clinical and biochemical characteristics and clinical outcome of patients presenting with pituitary apoplexy to a tertiary centre. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, predisposing factors, biochemistry and clinical outcome of patients presenting with pituitary apoplexy to Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust between 1991 and 2015. Results: We identified 64 patients with pituitary apoplexy (more complete clinical records were available in 52 patients). The median age at presentation was 46.7 years (IQR 31.5–57.0 years). Pituitary apoplexy was the first presentation of pituitary disease in 38/52 of patients and predisposing factors were identified in 28/52. Pituitary apoplexy predominantly occurred in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (47/52). Headache was most commonly described as sudden onset, severe, lateralising to the frontal or temporal regions. Symptoms of meningeal irritation were reported in 7/18 and visual abnormalities in 22/35. A pre-treatment serum cortisol <100 nmol/L was recorded in 12/31 of patients. All patients with visual disturbance had some resolution of their visual symptoms whether managed surgically (14/14) or conservatively (5/5), although pituitary endocrine function did not fully recover in any patient. Conclusions: In conclusion, these data describe the clinical features of pituitary apoplexy to aid the clinician in diagnosing this rare emergency presentation of pituitary disease. Prospective multicentre studies of the presentation of pituitary apoplexy are required to further characterise presentation and outcomes

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF): The ‘Kyoto Consensus’-Steps From Asia

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition associated with high mortality in the absence of liver transplantation. There have been various definitions proposed worldwide. The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set in 2004 on ACLF was published in 2009, and the APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) was formed in 2012. The AARC database has prospectively collected nearly 10,500 cases of ACLF from various countries in the Asia-Pacific region. This database has been instrumental in developing the AARC score and grade of ACLF, the concept of the \u27Golden Therapeutic Window\u27, the \u27transplant window\u27, and plasmapheresis as a treatment modality. Also, the data has been key to identifying pediatric ACLF. The European Association for the Study of Liver-Chronic Liver Failure (EASL CLIF) and the North American Association for the Study of the End Stage Liver Disease (NACSELD) from the West added the concepts of organ failure and infection as precipitants for the development of ACLF and CLIF-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and NACSELD scores for prognostication. The Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) added COSSH-ACLF criteria to manage hepatitis b virus-ACLF with and without cirrhosis. The literature supports these definitions to be equally effective in their respective cohorts in identifying patients with high mortality. To overcome the differences and to develop a global consensus, APASL took the initiative and invited the global stakeholders, including opinion leaders from Asia, EASL and AASLD, and other researchers in the field of ACLF to identify the key issues and develop an evidence-based consensus document. The consensus document was presented in a hybrid format at the APASL annual meeting in Kyoto in March 2024. The \u27Kyoto APASL Consensus\u27 presented below carries the final recommendations along with the relevant background information and areas requiring future studies

Finite rate Innovation and its applications in electrocardiography

Compression and reconstruction of Electrocardiograms (ECG) has been a common topic of research in signal processing as wavelets, compressed sensing and many other methods have been used. However, the goal of this thesis was to demonstrate a sampling scheme, Variable Pulse Width Finite Rate of Innovation (VPW-FRI), whose samples provided meaningful information. The samples could be split into subspaces which were associated to the di fferent waveforms in an ECG and hence specfi c features could be reconstructed directly from the samples without having to reconstruct the entire signal. This allowed for many clinical applications such as heart rate determination, fetal heart rate calculation and P and T wave detection. This extended to a multichannel sampling scheme. Since this is a subspace method, it had robust de-noising capabilities. The novel subspace method developed in this thesis solves many of the earlier limitations of VPW-FRI and FRI and the e fficacy will be demonstrated on data from hospitals and medical devices.ELECTRICAL and ELECTRONIC ENGINEERIN

EEG analysis using the linear canonical transform

Electroencephalography is a diagnostic tool used by neurologists to detect and diagnose brain disease. These signals provide real time data that is invaluable to doctors as well as researchers who use features present in the EEGs to detect a variety of ailments. However, there are artifacts, which are electrical signals from other body parts which mask the EEG signals and prevent accurate diagnoses. Some of these artifacts include Electrooc-culograms(EOG) and Electromygrams(EMG). The manual removal of these artifacts is often time consuming and tedious.Bachelor of Engineerin