Unlocking Exosome-Based Theragnostic Signatures:Deciphering Secrets of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, the lack of early detection methods translates into a substantial cohort of women grappling with the pressing health crisis. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) (their major subpopulation exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) has provided new insights into the understanding of cancer. Exosomes, a subpopulation of EVs, play a crucial role in cellular communication and reflect the cellular status under both healthy and pathological conditions. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) dynamically influence ovarian cancer progression by regulating uncontrolled cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of drug and therapeutic resistance. In the field of OC diagnostics, TEXs offer potential biomarkers in various body fluids. On the other hand, exosomes have also shown promising abilities to cure ovarian cancer. In this review, we address the interlink between exosomes and ovarian cancer and explore their theragnostic signature. Finally, we highlight future directions of exosome-based ovarian cancer research.</p

Properties of an alkali-thermo stable xylanase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans A333 and applicability in xylooligosaccharides generation

An extracellular thermo-alkali-stable and cellulase-free xylanase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans A333 was purified to homogeneity by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. Its molecular mass was 44 kDa as estimated in native and denaturing conditions by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE analysis, respectively. The xylanase (GtXyn) exhibited maximum activity at 70 °C and pH 7.5. It was stable over broad ranges of temperature and pH retaining 88 % of activity at 60 °C and up to 97 % in the pH range 7.5–10.0 after 24 h. Moreover, the enzyme was active up to 3.0 M sodium chloride concentration, exhibiting at that value 70 % residual activity after 1 h. The presence of other metal ions did not affect the activity with the sole exceptions of K+ that showed a stimulating effect, and Fe2+, Co2+ and Hg2+, which inhibited the enzyme. The xylanase was activated by non-ionic surfactants and was stable in organic solvents remaining fully active over 24 h of incubation in 40 % ethanol at 25 °C. Furthermore, the enzyme was resistant to most of the neutral and alkaline proteases tested. The enzyme was active only on xylan, showing no marked preference towards xylans from different origins. The hydrolysis of beechwood xylan and agriculture-based biomass materials yielded xylooligosaccharides with a polymerization degree ranging from 2 to 6 units and xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. These properties indicate G. thermodenitrificans A333 xylanase as a promising candidate for several biotechnological applications, such as xylooligosaccharides preparation

Contrasting Effects of Laser Shock Peening on Austenite and Martensite Phase Distribution and Hardness of Nitinol

Laser shock peening of cold rolled Nitinol was carried out at high power density (7 and 9 GW/cm2) and high overlap ratio (90%). Tensile surface residual stresses were generated in the peened material. An enhancement in surface microhardness from 351 for unpeened material to 375 and 394 VHN for the 7 and 9 GW/cm2 samples, respectively, was also observed. However, at a depth of 50 &mu;m, the hardness of the peened material was lower than that of the as-received material. These contrasting observations were attributed to the change in the austenitic phase fraction brought about by laser interactions

sj-docx-2-pie-10.1177_09544089231190483 - Supplemental material for Densification behaviour of laser powder bed fusion processed Ti6Al4V: Effects of customized heat treatment and build direction

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-pie-10.1177_09544089231190483 for Densification behaviour of laser powder bed fusion processed Ti6Al4V: Effects of customized heat treatment and build direction by Akshay Pathania, Anand Kumar Subramaniyan and Nagesha Bommanahalli Kenchappa in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</p

sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089231190483 - Supplemental material for Densification behaviour of laser powder bed fusion processed Ti6Al4V: Effects of customized heat treatment and build direction

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089231190483 for Densification behaviour of laser powder bed fusion processed Ti6Al4V: Effects of customized heat treatment and build direction by Akshay Pathania, Anand Kumar Subramaniyan and Nagesha Bommanahalli Kenchappa in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</p