Лінгво-стилістичні особливості перекладу політичного дискурсу

Стаття присвячена аналізу лінгво-стилістичних особливостей україномовного політичного дискурсу на осно- ві промов Президента України. Увага приділяється також засобам відтворення стилістично-маркованих одиниць англійською мовою. (The article is dedicated to the analysis of linguistic and stylistic peculiarities of Ukrainian political discourse based on the speeches of the President of Ukraine. The attention is also paid to the ways of translation of stylistically-marked units into English.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION AT VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE OF HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS OF THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN UKRAINE

The essence and types of socio-professional adaptation of pupil youth as to the choice of future professional activity were elucidated in the article. The scientific-pedagogical literature that considers the socio-professional adaptation from the different positions was analyzed. The stages of socio-professional adaptation and their role in vocational guidance of high-school pupils of the secondary educational institutions of Ukraine were characterized. The factors, criteria and parameters that influence the choice of professional activity by the pupils were elucidated. The special attention was paid to the motives of professional choice, to the interests and inclinations of high-school pupils in the process of vocational guidance of secondary educational institutions of Ukraine. The author concentrates attention on the main forms of socio-professional adaptation and scientifically grounds pedagogical conditions of vocational guidance of pupils of the higher school for the support of effective educational process. The attention is paid to the important aspects of socio-professional adaptation, conditioned by the inclusion of pupils in the complicated system of socio-productive activity. The main principles of socio-professional adaptation of pupils that favor the elaboration of individual style of the work with pupils that motivates them to the correct choice of future profession. The accent is also made on the factors of socio-professional adaptation that motivate pupils to the formation of individual style of activity at choosing profession. The subject fields and functions that are the specific professional area and play an important role in the process of vocational guidance of pupils of high school as to socio-professional adaptation to the future profession were analyzed

ПРАГМАТИЧНА АДАПТАЦІЯ У ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ХУДОЖНІХ ТВОРІВ

The article focuses on the analysіs of pragmatic adaptation in literary translation. The attention is paid to the main pragmatic translation strategies with the help of which the cultural peculiarities and expectations of the target audience are considered.Стаття присвячена аналізу прагматичної адаптації в перекладі художнього тексту. Увага приділяється основним прагматичним перекладацьким стратегіям, за допомогою яких враховуються культурні особливості й очікування цільової аудиторії

The Category of Evaluation in Political Discourse

Political discourse is a popular area of research because it penetrates a modern society. Being usually delivered by politicians, political discourse is a complex linguistic phenomenon which is directly or indirectly aimed at distributing, exercising the political power and winning the majority of votes during elections. This article deals with the category of evaluation which is considered to be a semantic and pragmatic category and can be one of the most powerful means of influence on the audience. This study focuses on the evaluative means used by Hillary Clinton as one of the presidential candidates in the USA in her speeches during the presidential campaign. Under the Appraisal theory framework, this paper discusses a variety of meaning-making resources used by the speaker to express her evaluative involvement in communication. The categories of engagement and graduation are also analysed. The attention is also paid to the interrelations between evaluation and values. Of special interest is a wide use of metaphors as well as the semantic polarisation of evaluative components in the speeches of the politician. The results show that the attitudinal meanings are mostly conveyed by judgements

Belorussian gymnasiums in Western Belarus: the modern historiography

The author reviews the research and analyzes the degree of study of the topic of Belarusian gymnasiums in interwar Western Belarus in modern Belarusian historical science. The author concludes that a comprehensive study is necessary. The author also identified the main directions for studying the problem.Аўтар робіць агляд даследванняў і аналізуе ступень вывучанасці тэмы беларускіх гімназій у міжваеннай Заходняй Беларусі ў сучаснай беларускай гістарычнай навуцы. Зроблена выснова аб неабходнасці комплекснага даследвання, вылучаны асноўныя накірункі для вывучэння праблемы

Dark-humus soils on the updated soil map of Russian Federation scale 1 : 2.5 M

The dark-humus soil type was included in the updated legend of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation at scale 1 : 2.5 M, converted to the system of Soil Classification of Russia. The soil profile starts with the dark-humus horizon gradually merging to the parent rock; any mid-profile diagnostic horizons are absent. Large areas of dark-humus soils are found in the forest-steppe, steppe and taiga zones of the European Russia, Western and Central Siberia, in the Trans-Baikal region, the Altai-Sayany Mountains, and the Caucasus. The type of dark-humus soils comprises both mesomorphic soils (of normal moisture conditions) and soils with additional surface or ground-water moisture. The main prerequisites for the formation of dark-humus soils are, on the one hand, the climatic conditions favorable for the dark-humus horizon formation, and, on the other hand, parent material - mostly derivates of hard rocks, restricting the development of mid-profile diagnostic horizons. In the updated map, the following initial legend units are partially or completely converted to dark-humus soils: several units of chernozems, dark-gray forest and gray forest non-podzolized soils, soddy-taiga base-saturated and slightly unsaturated soils, several mountain soils, a significant part of soddy-calcareous soils, as well as some mountainous forest-meadow soils. The diversity of dark-humus soils subtypes is determined by secondary carbonate features, weak signs of clay accumulation and podzolization, alteration of the mineral mass, gley and cryogenic phenomena

Recognition of interferon-inducible sites, promoters, and enhancers

BACKGROUND: Computational analysis of gene regulatory regions is important for prediction of functions of many uncharacterized genes. With this in mind, search of the target genes for interferon (IFN) induction appears of interest. IFNs are multi-functional cytokines. Their effects are immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor. The interaction of the IFNs with their cell surface receptors produces an activation of several transcription factors. Four regulatory factors, ISGF3, STAT1, IRF1, and NF-κB, are essential for the function of the IFN system. The aim of this work is the development of computational approaches for the recognition of DNA binding sites for these factors and computer programs for the prediction of the IFN-inducible regions. RESULTS: We developed computational approaches to the recognition of the binding sites for ISGF3, STAT1, IRF1, and NF-κB. Analysis of the distribution of these binding sites demonstrated that the regions -500 upstream of the transcription start site in IFN-inducible genes are enriched in putative binding sites for these transcription factors. Based on selected combinations of the sites whose frequencies were significantly higher than in the other functional gene groups, we developed methods for the prediction of the IFN-inducible promoters and enhancers. We analyzed 1004 sequences of the IFN-inducible genes compiled using microarray data analyses and also about 10,000 human gene sequences from the EPD and RefSeq databases; 74 of 1,664 human genes annotated in EPD were significantly IFN-inducible. CONCLUSION: Analyses of several control datasets demonstrated that the developed methods have a high accuracy of prediction of the IFN-inducible genes. Application of these methods to several datasets suggested that the number of the IFN-inducible genes is approximately 1500–2000 in the human genome

Floodplain soils on the soil map of the Russian Federation, scale 1 : 2.5 M, 1988, in the Russian soil classification

The development of the digital model of the soil map of Russia derived of the map of the Soviet Russian Federation, 1988, compiled in Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, comprises the transfer of soil names in the initial legend to those in the new classification system of Russian soils (2004). Floodplain soils (only native) are represented by seven legend units (out of 205) that were named in terms of soil classification of USSR, 1977, and part of their names indicated ‘landscapes’ rather than soils, which disagrees with the principles of the new classification system. Basing on numerous publications and following the rules of the new system, soils were renamed. Most of them were referred to alluvial soil types within the synlithogenic trunk (Fluvisols), and their new names indicate both their properties and their zonal attachment. In order to obtain more adequate patterns of soils in river valleys additional soils were introduced including stratified-alluvial soils in the trunk of primary pedogenesis (Regosols). Simultaneously, the composition of polygons in the database was revised in accordance with regional data; human-modified soils were introduced (agro-soils and urbo-soils)

Modelling of molecular genetic systems in bacterial cell 45 AROMATIC AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI: GENERALIZED HILL FUNCTION MODEL OF THE TRYPTOPHAN- SENSITIVE 3-DEOXY-D-ARABINO- HEPTULOSONATE-7-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE REACTION DEMONSTRATE COMPL

SUMMARY Motivation: Development of an in silico cell as a computer resource for simulation and analysis of processes within living cells is an urgent task of systems biology and computational biology. Results: By using the GeneNet technology, we reproduced the gene network of the regulation of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the E. coli cell. Mathematical models were constructed by the method of generalized Hill functions. The models describe the efficiency of enzymatic systems and regulation of expression of related genes. Mathematical model of the enzyme tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase reaction demonstrate complicated mechanism. Availability: Models are available on request. The diagram of the gene network regulating aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in E. coli is available through the GeneNet viewer a