Factors Related to Overweight in Kindergarten School Children

Obesity has become a significant public health problem of the twenty first century. An increasing number of preschool children are becoming overweight. Although many risk factors have been identified for school-age children, less is known about this young age group. This study was aimed to determine factors associated with overweight among preschool children. Study design was a cross sectional survey. Sample in this study was 90 children aged 3–6 years old in Bina Putik Kindergarten School in Cempaka Putih District (total sampling). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in this sample were 24.4% and 13.3% respectively. There were significant relationships between overweight and some variables using chi-square test such as: age of the children, having overweight parents, nutritional knowledge of the mother, duration of breast feeding, frequency of fast food consumption (p<0.05). In Cox Regression analysis, only the age of children and nutritional knowledge of mothers were found as determinant factors influencing childhood overweight after adjusting other variables. Younger aged children (<5 years) had a greater risk of being overweight than older children (>5 years old). It could be concluded that mother’s knowledge on nutrition played an important role in preventing overweight children. Suggested recommendation in order to prevent overweight since childhood was by increasing mother’s knowledge through optimizing relevant programs in the Puskesmas

The Use of 32P Method to Evaluate the Growth of Lowland Rice Cultivated in a System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

A pot experiment has been conducted to evaluate the growth of the Dyah Suci, a lowland rice variety, in an SRI (System of Rice Intensification) planting system. The phosphorus-32 (32P) isotope technique was used to evaluate the growth of plants in relation with their phosphorus uptake. The uptake was assumed to vary in the same direction as the growth of the plant. The 32P uptake is assumed to vary in the opposite direction to the plant\u27s total phosphorus uptake. Here the 32P uptake is expressed in count per minutes (cpm) which is then transformed to disintegration per minute (dpm). The results show that, in terms of promoting the plant\u27s uptake of phosphorus, the SRI planting system is superior to the conventional planting system, and it is manifested in the higher dry weight of straw and grain. From this experiment it is concluded that the 32P method can be used satisfactorily as a tool for explaining therelation between P-uptake and plant growth.Received: 04 Juny 2013; Revised: 22 August 2013; Accepted: 30 August 201

Aktivitas Stimulansia Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Dan Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum (L) Merr. & Perry.) Pada Mencit Jantan Galur Swiss Beserta Identifikasi Golongan Senyawa Aktifnya

Keywords : Cloves' buds and leaves (Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr. & Perry.) ethanol extracts, stimulant, locomotoric activity, hole-board, open field, terpenoid, alkaloids One of the clove properties is as a stimulant. The purposes of this experimental study were to investigate stimulant effect of clove's buds and leaves ethanol extracts through locomotoric activity studies on male Swiss strain mice and to identify its active compounds. The experiment was performed with pretest and posttest control group design. Thirty two mice ware divided into eight treatment groups. Locomotoric activity study was performed with hole-board and open-field method. Mice in group I (negative control) provide orally CMC-Na 1% 25 mL/kg BW. Mice in group II (caffeine group) provided orally caffeine 25 mg/kg BW. Six other treatment groups provide clove's buds and leaves ethanol extracts (100, 200, and 400) mg/kg BW respectively. Frequency of mice head-deeping into holes in the floor and duration of movement in 5 minutes were accessed before and after treatment with extract. Data analyzed using paired-sample T test (p: 0.95). The result showed clove's buds and leaves ethanol extracts to have stimulant properties on male Swiss strain mice through enhancing locomotoric activity in hole-board method (p0.05). Terpenoid and alkaloid active compounds in clove's buds and leaves ethanol extracts though to play an important role in enhancing male Swiss strain mice locomotoric activities

Oriental Family Law: Case Study within a Gendered-Citizenship/Inequality Perspective: From Concept to Analytical Status

This article presents key findings and empirical work of basic research in Bahrain in regards to active citizenship and gender equality where it analyses the claimed liberal citizenship. The article focuses on pre-existing inequality in the family code and also discusses a significant issue where there is a Sunni-Shi’ite division in Bahrain. This is relevant to citizenship and gender equality for how family codes are debated in regards to women’s rights within the legislative authority. Furthermore, this article analyses the parliamentary organizational structure which attributes and influences the legislation process and decision-making particularly on gender-friendly policies, where the legal system can be used to encourage a liberal plan for all people and in particular women to have equal access to opportunities and resources

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Kecambah Kacang Hijau (Vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek)terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Dan Spermatogenesis Mencit Jantan Galur Swiss

Efficacy of mung bean sprouts as natural fertility enhancer for men was not widely investigated and published. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of mung bean sprout\u27s juice on male Swiss mice spermatozoa quality and spermatogenesis. An experimental study performed with randomized matched two-group post test only design approach. Thirtymale mice were dividedinto fivegroups randomly, which consist of a control group (CMC25mL/kg BW/day); d-α-tocopherol group (556 IU/kg BW/day) and three mung beans sproutjuice groups (33, 66 and 132) mg/kg BW/day. Mice treated every dayfor 20days orally. Micewere sacrificed; testis and epididymis were collected and examined. The spermatozoa quality (count, progressive motility and normal morphology) and spermatogenesis observed. The results showedthatmung bean sproutsjuice treatment (33, 66 and 132) mg/Kg BW/day for 20 days did not enhance male Swiss strain mice fertility. Spermatogenesis score, count and normal morphology spermatozoa that receive treatment with mung bean sprout juice was not significantly different to the control group (p>0.05). Conversely; mung bean sprouts juice treatment lead to decrease male Swiss strain mice spermatozoa progressive motility (p<0,05)

Komparasi Struktur Komunitas Lamun Di Bantayan Kota Dumaguete Filipina Dan Di Tanjung Merah Kota Bitung Indonesia

Lamun adalah tumbuhan berbiji tunggal (monokotil) dari kelas Angiospermae.Tumbuhan ini telah menyesuaikan diri untuk hidup terbenam di dalam laut. Lamun terdiri dari rhizome atau rhizoma (batang terbenam atau akar rimpang), daun dan akar. Perairan Bantayan, Kota Dumaguete dan perairan Tanjung Merah berbeda letak geografis, tetapi sama-sama memiliki padang lamun, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian dalam rangka menyediakan informasi ilmiah mengenai padang lamun tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur komunitas lamun di kedua perairan tersebut. Pengambilan data dilakukan di daerah padang lamun kedua lokasi penelitian dengan luas masing-masing area 50 x 100 atau 5000 m2 (0,5 Ha) dengan menggunakan kuadran 50 x 50 cm pada 3 line transek.Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 8 spesies lamun di perairan Bantayan sedangkan di perairan Tanjung Merah diperoleh 7 spesies. Nilai kepadatan lamun di perairan Bantayan yaitu 0,4448 sedangkan di perairan Tanjung Merah adalah 0,3464 (kepadatan tertinggi di perairan Bantayan). Luas tutupan lamun di perairan Bantayan 0,00378 % sedangkan di perairan Tanjung Merah 0,00372 %. Indeks keanekaragaman (H\u27) lamun di perairan Bantayan yaitu 0,8574 sedangkan di Tanjung Merah 0,7074, dari hasil ini menujukkan bahwa keanekaragaman lamun di perairan Bantayan lebih tinggi dari perairan Tanjung Merah