Feature recognition & tool path generation for 5 axis STEP-NC machining of free form / irregular contoured surfaces

This research paper presents a five step algorithm to generate tool paths for machining Free form / Irregular Contoured Surface(s) (FICS) by adopting STEP-NC (AP-238) format. In the first step, a parametrized CAD model with FICS is created or imported in UG-NX6.0 CAD package. The second step recognizes the features and calculates a Closeness Index (CI) by comparing them with the B-Splines / Bezier surfaces. The third step utilizes the CI and extracts the necessary data to formulate the blending functions for identified features. In the fourth step Z-level 5 axis tool paths are generated by adopting flat and ball end mill cutters. Finally, in the fifth step, tool paths are integrated with STEP-NC format and validated. All these steps are discussed and explained through a validated industrial component

Large Supports are required for Well-Supported Nash Equilibria

We prove that for any constant $k$ and any $\epsilon<1$, there exist bimatrix win-lose games for which every $\epsilon$-WSNE requires supports of cardinality greater than $k$. To do this, we provide a graph-theoretic characterization of win-lose games that possess $\epsilon$-WSNE with constant cardinality supports. We then apply a result in additive number theory of Haight to construct win-lose games that do not satisfy the requirements of the characterization. These constructions disprove graph theoretic conjectures of Daskalakis, Mehta and Papadimitriou, and Myers

A Study Of Small Non-Coding RNAs Of Salmonella Enterica Subspecies Enterica Serovar Typhi In Biofilm Development

Salmonella Typhi adalah Gram-negatif bakteria dan patogen khusus bagi manusia yang menyebabkan demam kepialu. Ia merupakan masalah kesihatan yang serius di negara-negara yang kurang membangun dan sedang membangun termasuk Malaysia Salmonella Typhi is a Gram-negative bacteria and human-specific pathogen which causes Typhoid fever. It is a major health problem in under-developed and developing countries including Malaysi

Management of Tracheo Bronchial Foreign Bodies in Children – A Retrospective Study of series of 50 cases

Abstract             This retrospective study of series of 50 cases of inhaled foreign bodies in pediatric patients in one year, deals with which the cases presented and the types of foreign body removed. Diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy aid in the diagnosis of unsuspected foreign body aspiration, or with doubtful history of foreign body aspiration without physical or X-ray signs and can proceed with definitive treatment in the same preparation without delay. Tracheotomy is indicated for foreign body that cannot be removed through glottis. A team work of anesthetist, endoscopist, and assistants are essential to ensure the safety of procedure with no compromise on availability of instruments.  Key words Tracheo Bronchial · Foreign Bodies · Children · Management

First identification and characterization of porcine enterovirus G in the United States

Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) is a member of the family Picornavirdae, genus Enterovirus. To date, eleven EV-G types (EV-G1 through EV-G11) have been identified in pigs from Asia and Europe however they have never been reported in North America. In this study, we isolated and characterized the complete genome of NP/2013/USA, an EV-G from a porcine diarrhea sample from the United States. The complete genome consists of 7,390 nucleotides excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail, and has an open reading frame that encodes a 2,169 amino acid polyprotein. NP/2013/USA was most similar at the nucleotide (84%) and amino acid (95%) level to the HM131607, an EV-G1 type isolated from China in 2012

An Empirical Study of Finding Approximate Equilibria in Bimatrix Games

While there have been a number of studies about the efficacy of methods to find exact Nash equilibria in bimatrix games, there has been little empirical work on finding approximate Nash equilibria. Here we provide such a study that compares a number of approximation methods and exact methods. In particular, we explore the trade-off between the quality of approximate equilibrium and the required running time to find one. We found that the existing library GAMUT, which has been the de facto standard that has been used to test exact methods, is insufficient as a test bed for approximation methods since many of its games have pure equilibria or other easy-to-find good approximate equilibria. We extend the breadth and depth of our study by including new interesting families of bimatrix games, and studying bimatrix games upto size $2000 \times 2000$. Finally, we provide new close-to-worst-case examples for the best-performing algorithms for finding approximate Nash equilibria

Crystal structure of 8-hydroxyquinolin-ium 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate mono-hydrate

The authors thank SAIF, IIT Madras for the data collection.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An inactivated vaccine made from a U.S. field isolate of porcine epidemic disease virus is immunogenic in pigs as demonstrated by a dose-titration

Citation: Collin, E. A., Anbalagan, S., Okda, F., Batman, R., Nelson, E., & Hause, B. M. (2015). An inactivated vaccine made from a U.S. field isolate of porcine epidemic disease virus is immunogenic in pigs as demonstrated by a dose-titration. BMC Veterinary Research, 11(1). doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0357-1Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus in swine, was first detected in the U.S. in May, 2013, and has caused tremendous losses to the swine industry. Due to the difficulty in isolating and growing this virus in cell culture, few vaccine studies using cell culture propagated PEDV have been performed on U.S. strains in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response to the selected inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate in a dose-titration manner. Results: PEDV was isolated from a pig with diarrhea and complete genome sequencing found >99% nucleotide identity to other U.S. PEDV. Inactivated adjuvanted monovalent vaccines were administered intramuscularly to five week old pigs in a dose titration experimental design, ranging from 6.0-8.0 log10 tissue culture infective dose (TCID50/mL), to evaluate immunogenicity using a fluorescent foci neutralization assay (FFN), fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sera. Pigs vaccinated with 8.0 log10 TCID50/mL inactivated virus showed significantly higher FFN titers as well as FMIA and ELISA values than 6.0 log10 TCID50/mL vaccinates and the negative controls. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the immunogenicity of a PEDV inactivated viral vaccine with a U.S. strain via dose-titration. A future vaccination-challenge study would illustrate the efficacy of an inactivated vaccine and help evaluate protective FFN titers and ELISA and FMIA responses. © Collin et al; licensee BioMed Central