Considerations Regarding the Environmental Responsibility and Taxation

The public policy tool of taxation may generate discouraging effects upon the economic agents – consumers or producers – but also could be used as incentives. High environmental taxation could generate crowding effect in terms of responsibility. Sometimes a very sophisticated system of environmental taxation is the basis for a highly regulated business environment and conformity but with a lack of real responsible citizenship. We are trying to see if the impact of taxation upon responsibility is real and can affect the motivation for environmental responsible citizenship

Assessing the Efficiency of Different Chemical Products for Western Flower Thrips

The principal management strategy used to deal with western flower thrips in greenhouses involves the use of insecticides (R. A. Cloyd, 2009). We assessed the effectiveness of five chemical variants in five rows of tomato (36 m 2). The variants were: Pyrinex 25 NE (Clorpirifos 0.03%), Oscar 10 CE (Novaluron 0.06%), Vertimec 1.8 CE (Abamectin 0.08%), Karat-Ezeon (Lambda-chialotrin 0.02), Actara 25 WG (Thiametoxan 0.02%). Each variant was tested on a single row of tomato. Treatments were repeated four times. After each treatment, three examinations were performed: 24 hours before treatment, 24 hours after treatment and 7 days after treatment. Examinations consisted of counting direct on the plant the adults and pre-adults stages (larvae) separately. Twenty four hours after treatment the mean number of thrips per plant ranged from 39 individuals (Actara 25 WG) to 83.8 individuals (Oscar 10 CE). Seven days after treatment the mean number of thrips per plant varied between 23.5 individuals (Actara 25 WG) and 63.8 individuals (Oscar 10 CE). Regarding examination after 24 hours, our data showed that the minimum percentage of efficiency was registered for Pyrinex 25 NE and maximum for Karat-Ezeon. After a week the efficiency was 44% for Vertimec 1.8 CE and 71.1% for Karat-Ezeon. Thus we recommend Karat-Ezeon for thrips management but in combination with other monitoring tools to establish the right moment to use

The Associations of Organisms Present in the Drift (Gorges of the Hot Somes 2005)

Highlighted the phenomenon of drift in demersal communities of invertebrates, a mass in the samples analyzed we found the presence of 15 groups of organisms (in the diptych other families are present following: Ceratopogonidae, Blepharoceridae, Limoniidae, Simulidae, Psychodidae, Tipulidae, Stratiomyidae, Dixidae)

Frankliniella Occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Population Dynamics on

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an important crop pest and a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in many areas of the world. Its feeding can cause scarring and deformations on leaves and fruit, with seedlings and soft tissue particularly prone to feeding damage. Cucumbers and other vegetable are susceptible to fruit scarring. Population dynamics of western flower thrips was monitored both in field and protected spaces throughout different methods and on different ornamental and vegetables hosts. In this paper results regarding population dynamic on cucumber greenhouse crop are presented. Studies were conducted throughout five weeks. Shaken method was used. Ten leaves from the bottom of the plant, ten from the middle, ten from the tip of the plant and ten flowers were weekly sampled. Mean temperature and treatments applications were recorded. The fallen larvae and adults were counted. Females and males were separately noted. Sex ratio influence and spatial distribution was also followed. Data analysis demonstrated that thrips preferred to feed on younger leaves situated on tip of the plant. There was a very low difference between sex ratio in leaves as compared with the one in flowers. Regarding population dynamics of thrips on whole study period the trend was of increasing, thus treatment application were less efficient and proves its high pesticide resistance character

Molecular Analysis of the Species Dracocephalum moldavica L.

There is a growing global trend in the consumption of cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants and an increasing demand for medicinal plants for the production of herbal medicines, health products, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products. The raw plant material from medicinal plant crops is insufficient to meet the needs of this industry. There is a preference for cultivated plant material because most pharmaceutical companies prefer raw materials that meet the required quality standards. Therefore, expanding the cultivation of medicinal plant and introducing new species into cultivation is becoming an important objective. These efforts are complemented by other advantages of cultivation (e.g., modern mechanized agricultural techniques, irrigation, fertilization, and mechanized harvesting). Molecular characterization of the species Dracocephalum moldavica, was focused on analysing the genetic structure of a cultivated plant population. Genetic analysis can provide important data regarding intra- and interpopulation genetic polymorphism, closely correlated with the adaptive capacity of the species to different pedo-climatic conditions, as well as the biosynthetic capacity of pharmacologically active compounds. This enables the accurate identification and selection of new valuable genotypes. Molecular analysis can be performed using DNA molecular markers, among which SSR (simple sequence repeats) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) markers are frequently used due to their high reproducibility, relatively low cost, and avoidance of radioactivity (as is the case with other molecular markers). In this study, ISSR markers revealed genetic polymorphism of cultivated plants