En sorts bildningsroman

[A Bildungsroman of sorts]This article by Anders Stephanson, which reflects on the development of his own research, was originally published in English as “A Bildungsroman of sorts” in the academic network H-Diplo’s essay series “Learning the Scholar’s Craft: Reflections of Historians and International Relations Scholars”, essay no. 264, 4 August 2020 (https://issforum.org/essays/PDF/E264.pdf). To this Swedish translation we have also added Stephansson’s concluding (unpublished) comment on the debate he had with Johan Lagerkvist in the Swedish daily Dagens Nyheter in April 2021.Citation: Stephanson, Anders (2021) “En sorts bildningsroman”, in Arkiv. Tidskrift för samhällsanalys, issue 13, pp. 113–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13068/2000-6217.13.K1Den här artikeln av Anders Stephanson som reflekterar över utvecklingen av den egna forskningen publicerades ursprungligen på engelska som ”A Bildungsroman of sorts” i det akademiska nätverket H-Diplos essäserie ”Learning the Scholar’s Craft: Reflections of Historians and International Relations Scholars”, essä nr 264, 4 augusti 2020 (https://issforum.org/essays/PDF/E264.pdf). Till denna svenska översättning har vi också fogat Stephansons avslutande (opublicerade) kommentar till den debatt han fört med Johan Lagerkvist i Dagens Nyheter i april 2021.Förslag på källangivelse: Stephanson, Anders (2021) ”En sorts bildningsroman”, i Arkiv. Tidskrift för samhällsanalys, nr 13, s. 113–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13068/2000-6217.13.K

Chemical synthesis, characterisation and in vitro and in vivo metabolism of the synthetic opioid MT-45 and its newly identified fluorinated analogue 2F-MT-45 with metabolite confirmation in urine samples from known drug users

© 2018 The Author(s) Purpose: The detection of a novel psychoactive substance, 2F-MT-45, a fluorinated analogue of the synthetic opioid MT-45, was reported in a single seized tablet. MT-45, 2F-, 3F- and 4F-MT-45 were synthesised and reference analytical data were reported. The in vitro and in vivo metabolisms of MT-45 and 2F-MT-45 were investigated. Method: The reference standards and seized sample were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Presumptive tests were performed and physicochemical properties of the compounds determined. Metabolite identification studies using human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes, mouse hepatocytes and in vivo testing using mice were performed and identified MT-45 metabolites were confirmed in authentic human urine samples. Results: Metabolic pathways identified for MT-45 and 2F-MT-45 were N-dealkylation, hydroxylation and subsequent glucuronidation. The major MT-45 metabolites identified in human in vitro studies and in authenticated human urine were phase I metabolites and should be incorporated as analytical targets to existing toxicological screening methods. Phase II glucuronidated metabolites were present in much lower proportions. Conclusions: 2F-MT-45 has been detected in a seized tablet for the first time. The metabolite identification data provide useful urinary metabolite targets for forensic and clinical testing for MT-45 and allows screening of urine for 2F-MT-45 and its major metabolites to determine its prevalence in case work