The recombinant protein rSP03B is a valid antigen for screening dog exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus across foci of canine leishmaniasis

The frequency of sandfly-host contacts can be measured by host antibody levels against sandfly salivary proteins. Recombinant salivary proteins are suggested to represent a valid replacement for salivary gland homogenate (SGH); however, it is necessary to prove that such antigens are recognized by antibodies against various populations of the same species. Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of Leishmania infantum (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in southwest Europe and is widespread from Portugal to Italy. In this study, sera were sampled from naturally exposed dogs from distant regions, including Campania (southern Italy), Umbria (central Italy) and the metropolitan Lisbon region (Portugal), where P. perniciosus is the unique or principal vector species. Sera were screened for anti-P. perniciosus antibodies using SGH and 43-kDa yellow-related recombinant protein (rSP03B). Arobust correlation between antibodies recognizing SGH and rSP03B was detected in all regions, suggesting substantial antigenic cross-reactivity among different P. perniciosus populations. No significant differences in this relationship were detected between regions. Moreover, rSP03B and the native yellow-related protein were shown to share similar antigenic epitopes, as canine immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to the native protein was inhibited by pre-incubation with the recombinant form. These findings suggest that rSP03B should be regarded as a universal marker of sandfly exposure throughout the geographical distribution of P. perniciosus.Charles University [GAUK 1642314/2014]; European Union (EU) grant [FP7-261504]; EU's Horizon research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [642609]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/44082/2008]; Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia (Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Science), Portuga

Capital account regulations and the trading system: a compatibility review

This repository item contains a single issue of the Pardee Center Task Force Reports, a publication series that began publishing in 2009 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future. Spanish version produced by the Center for the Study of State and Society, Buenos Aires. Portuguese version coordinated by Daniela Magalhaes Prates, a contributing author of the report, in collaboration with Ana Trivellato (translator), and Maria Inês Amorozo (graphic designer).This report is the product of the Pardee Center Task Force on Regulating Capital Flows for Long-Run Development and builds on the Task Force´s first report published in March 2012. The Pardee Center Task Force was convened initially in September 2011 as consensus was emerging that the global financial crisis has re-confirmed the need to regulate cross-border finance. The March 2012 report argues that international financial institutions – and in particular the International Monetary Fund – need to support measures that would allow capital account regulations (CARs) to become a standard and effective part of the macroeconomic policy toolkit. Yet some policymakers and academics expressed concern that many nations — and especially developing countries — may not have the flexibility to adequately deploy such regulations because of trade and investment treaties they are party to. In June 2012, the Pardee Center, with the Center for the Study of State and Society (CEDES) in Argentina and Global Development and Environment Institute (GDAE) at Tufts University, convened a second Task Force workshop in Buenos Aires specifically to review agreements at the WTO and various Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) for the extent to which the trading regime is compatible with the ability to deploy effective capital account regulations. This report presents the findings of that review, and highlights a number of potential incompatibilities found between the trade and investment treaties and the ability to deploy CARs. It also highlights an alarming lack of policy space to use CARs under a variety of FTAs and BITs—especially those involving the United States. Like the first report, it was written by an international group of experts whose goal is to help inform discussions and decisions by policymakers at the IMF and elsewhere that will have implications for the economic health and development trajectories for countries around the world

Índices de vegetação na predição da produtividade de biomassa e grãos da aveia-branca sob lâminas de irrigação

Vegetation indices are widely used to indicate the nutritional status of crops, as well as to estimate their harvest yield. However, their accuracy is influenced by the phenological stage of evaluation and the index used. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Inverse Ratio Vegetation Index (IRVI) in the prediction of grain yield and biomass of white oat cultivated under irrigation levels, besides indicating the best phenological stage for evaluation. The irrigation levels consisted of 11 %, 31 %, 60 %, 87 % and 100 % of the maximum evapotranspiration, with four replicates. The mean values for NDVI and IRVI were determined using an active terrestrial sensor, at four phenological stages (4, 8, 10 and 10.5.4). The white oat grain yield and biomass may be estimated with a high precision using the NDVI and IRVI. The NDVI was more accurate than the IRVI. The grain yield estimate was more accurate from the flag leaf sheath appearance stage (10), whereas, for the biomass, the best estimate was for the kernel watery ripe stage (10.5.4).Índices de vegetação são muito utilizados para indicar o estado nutricional das culturas, bem como estimar sua produtividade final. No entanto, sua precisão é influenciada pelo estágio fenológico da avaliação e pelo índice utilizado. Objetivou-se avaliar a acurácia do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (IVDN) e do Índice de Vegetação de Proporção Inversa (IVPI), na predição da produtividade de grãos e biomassa de aveia-branca cultivada sob lâminas de irrigação, além de indicar o melhor estádio fenológico para avaliação. As lâminas de irrigação foram de 11 %, 31 %, 60 %, 87 % e 100 % da evapotranspiração máxima, com quatro repetições. Os valores médios de IVDN e IVPI foram determinados utilizando-se um sensor terrestre ativo, em quatro estágios fenológicos (4, 8, 10 e 10.5.4). A produtividade de grãos e biomassa de aveia branca podem ser estimadas com elevada precisão utilizando-se os índices IVDN e IVPI. O IVDN apresentou maior acurácia do que o IVPI. A estimativa da produtividade de grãos resultou em maior acurácia a partir do estádio de aparecimento da bainha da folha bandeira (10), enquanto, para a biomassa, a melhor estimativa foi para o estádio de grão aquoso (10.5.4)

Portable chlorophyll meter in monitoring and management of nitrogen in common bean cultivars

More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems.More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems

Portable chlorophyll meter in monitoring and management of nitrogen in common bean cultivars

More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems.More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems

Portable chlorophyll meter in monitoring and management of nitrogen in common bean cultivars

More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems.More sustainable practices involving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of portable chlorophyll meter in fertilization management are promising to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency in the common bean crop. This study aimed to monitor N managements using a portable chlorophyll meter and its effects on agronomic attributes of Carioca-type common bean cultivars with indeterminate and determinate growth habits (‘IPR Campos Gerais’ and ‘IAC Imperador’). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor consisted of the cultivars and the second factor of the N management. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and, when necessary, the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability level. The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for N monitoring and management in common bean, allowing the reduction of top-dressing N application, regardless of the cultivar used. Highlights The use of portable chlorophyll meter is a viable alternative for nitrogen monitoring and management in common bean. Management with chlorophyll meter reduced the need for chemical fertilizer application, saving 105 kg ha-1 of urea. Further studies are needed to better understand this technology under conditions with different genotypes, soils and production systems

MAQUETES ESPORTIVAS COMO FERRAMENTA PEDAGÓGICA

A atividade de realização das maquetes, se desenvolveu na Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental Attílio Luiz Calza, em São Miguel do Oeste, nas aulas de Educação Física/PIBID, com alunos do 5º ano das séries iniciais. A construção das maquetes esportivas envolveu as modalidades de Atletismo, Basquetebol, Futebol, Handebol, Tênis de mesa, Tênis de quadra/campo e Voleibol. Foi uma excelente maneira para que os alunos entendessem mais sobre as práticas esportivas realizadas e tão comuns em nosso dia a dia. A construção da maquete permite trabalhar de forma visível e acessível os pontos de vista, perspectiva e projeção. Dessa forma, foi possível que os estudantes exercitassem o conceito de cidadania e, ao observar as regras de cada modalidade esportiva, aprendessem a respeitar seus limites e dos colegas, ajudando-os a tornarem-se adultos conscientes. Os esportes coletivos ajudam na integração da criança com o grupo ao passo que os esportes individuais, fazem com que as crianças exeercitem sua autonomia e também a assumirem as responsabilidades por si só. Para a construção das maquetes foram usados isopor, cola quente, tesoura, régua, E.V.A, folhas, areia, erva, canetões entre outros. A maquete serviu de base para explorar a projeção do espaço vivido para o espaço representado. Com a liberdade de construir sua própria maquete, o aluno analisou a questão espacial do ambiente, a ordem lógica da organização e realizou planejamento próprio. A utilização de maquetes como ferramenta pedagógica é uma ótima opção para o auxílio na exposição e fixação de conteúdos

DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO E VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJOEIRO DE CICLO PRECOCE À ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA

Improving nitrogen fertilization practices in early cycle common bean crops, as well as offering insights into the efficiency of cultivars and the economic viability of nitrogen rates is essential to increase sustainability in agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic attributes and economic viability of early cycle bean cultivars in response to applying varied nitrogen (N) rates in topdressing. The experiment was conducted in a eutrophic Red Latosol with a clayey texture implementing a randomized block experimental design in a split-plot scheme with 4 replications. The plots were composed of the IAC Nuance, IAC 1849 Polaco and IAC Veloz cultivars with rajado, carioca and black grains, respectively. The subplots were formed by varied N rates applied in topdressing: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1. IAC Veloz stood out in productivity, being classified as efficient and responsive to the use of N. The IAC Nuance cultivar obtained the highest yield for sieve 14, while IAC 1849 Polaco stood out for sieve 13 and IAC Veloz for sieve 12. The IAC Veloz cultivar obtained a greater relative economic return in relation to the others due to its greater productivity; however, rates of 60 and 120 kg ha-1 were not economically viable for this cultivar. The rate of 180 kg ha-1 was the only one considered economically viable for the three cultivars evaluated in the experiment. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization management in common bean crops should be genotype-dependent, aiming at greater economic viability.Aprimorar as práticas de adubação nitrogenada no cultivo de feijoeiro de ciclo precoce, oferecendo insights sobre a eficiência das cultivares e a viabilidade econômica das doses de nitrogênio é essencial para aumentar a sustentabilidade na agricultura. Objetivou-se avaliar os atributos agronômicos e a viabilidade econômica de cultivares de feijoeiro de ciclo precoce em resposta à aplicação de doses de nitrogênio (N) em cobertura. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico de textura argilosa, utilizando delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas cultivares IAC Nuance, IAC 1849 Polaco e IAC Veloz, de grãos tipo rajado, carioca e preto, respectivamente. As subparcelas foram formadas por doses de N aplicadas em cobertura: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1. A IAC Veloz destacou na produtividade, sendo classificada como eficiente e responsiva ao uso de N. A cultivar IAC Nuance obteve maior rendimento para a peneira 14, enquanto a IAC 1849 Polaco se destacou na peneira 13 e IAC Veloz na peneira 12. A cultivar IAC Veloz obteve maior retorno econômico relativo, em relação às demais, devido à sua maior produtividade, porém, as doses de 60 e 120 kg ha-1 não foram economicamente viáveis para essa cultivar. A dose de 180 kg ha-1 foi a única considerada economicamente viável para as três cultivares avaliadas no experimento. Portanto, o manejo de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no feijão-comum deve ser genótipo-dependente, visando maior viabilidade econômica

Manejo da adubação nitrogenada em aveia-branca utilizando-se índices espectrais

Remote sensing techniques have been considered a new technology in worldwide agriculture for diagnosing the plant nutritional demand. Fertilizer management efficiency is a goal to be achieved, and modern tools based on remote sensing are promising for monitoring the crop needs. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and relative economic return of white oat under nitrogen rates, as well as to verify whether the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf chlorophyll index (LCI) could be used for topdressing nitrogen fertilization management, in white oat. Treatments consisted of five topdressing nitrogen fertilization strategies: T1 - 160 kg ha-1 (reference rate); T2 - 90 kg ha-1 (recommended rate); T3 - 60 kg ha-1 (economic rate); T4 - 30 kg ha-1 (when NDVI < 90 % of T1); and T5 - 30 kg ha-1 (when LCI < 90 % of T1). The white oat did not respond to the topdressing nitrogen fertilization. Its temporal monitoring using spectral indices allowed dispensing the topdressing nitrogen fertilization without reducing the grain and biomass yields and the leaf nitrogen content, when compared to the recommended management (90 kg ha-1 of N as topdressing), with no differences between the evaluated spectral indices. Thus, both the NDVI and LCI spectral indices are promising tools for the topdressing nitrogen fertilization management in the white oat crop. KEYWORDS: Avena sativa L., leaf chlorophyll index, normalized difference vegetation index, precision agriculture.Técnicas de sensoriamento remoto têm sido consideradas uma nova tecnologia na agricultura mundial para o diagnóstico da demanda nutricional das plantas. A eficiência no manejo de fertilizantes é uma meta a ser alcançada, e ferramentas modernas baseadas em sensoriamento remoto são promissoras para monitorar as necessidades das culturas. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico e o retorno econômico relativo de aveia-branca sob doses de nitrogênio, bem como verificar se o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) e o índice de clorofila foliar (ICF) podem ser utilizados para o manejo da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, em aveia-branca. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco estratégias de manejo de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura: T1 - 160 kg ha-1 (dose referência); T2 - 90 kg ha-1 (dose recomendada); T3 - 60 kg ha-1 (dose econômica); T4 - 30 kg ha-1 (quando NDVI < 90 % de T1); e T5 - 30 kg ha-1 (quando LCI < 90 % de T1). A aveia-branca não respondeu à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. O seu monitoramento temporal por meio de índices espectrais permitiu dispensar a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura sem reduzir a produtividade de grãos e de biomassa e o teor de nitrogênio foliar, em relação ao manejo recomendado (90 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura), não existindo diferenças entre os índices espectrais avaliados. Assim, os índices espectrais NDVI e LCI são ferramentas promissoras para o manejo da fertilização nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura da aveia-branc