Lyme Borreliosis During Pregnancy

One of the authors (AL) presented a poster on 34 pregnancies of maternal Lyme borreliosis (Lb) in 1995. It was striking that untreated Lb associated with higher probability of adverse outcome but the number of patients were small and the statistical power was low. We have recently published a paper on 95 maternal Lb and the outcome of their pregnancies. Since the closure of the database for that manuscript the number of the pregnant women with Borrelia infection observed in our Centre increased to 124, and the statistical analysis strengthened our previous doubtful observations and reached significant results in important aspects by now. This series is the largest study to date on this topic. Treatment was administered parenterally to 87 (70%) women and orally to 25 (20.0%). Infection remained untreated in 12 (10%) pregnancies. Adverse outcomes were seen in 7/87 (8%), 9/25 (36%), 8/12 (67%), of the parenterally, orally treated and untreated women, respectively. In comparison to patients treated with antibiotics, untreated women had a significantly higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR: 11.62, p<0.001). Mothers treated orally comparing to iv. treatment had an increased chance (OR: 6.28) to have an adverse outcome (p=0.001). In the adverse pregnancy outcome, the most impressive difference was between the untreated and parenterally treated women (OR: 21.44, p<0.001). The probability of adverse outcome increased by the exposition time (from the first maternal symptom to the treatment or delivery). When the exposition time has reached four months, the probability of adverse outcome increased by 33%. We had no chance to examine the bacterial invasion of the foetus. Loss of the pregnancy (N=9), small for gestational age or preterm birth (N=7) were the most prevalent adverse outcomes in our series. The other complications were heterogeneous. Our results indicate that untreated or orally treated maternal Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection is associated with adverse outcomes. 'Congenital Lyme disease' similar to the Hutchinson's triad in syphilis is unlikely.
&#xa

A few remarks on "On certain Vandermonde determinants whose variables separate"

In the recent paper \u201cOn certain Vandermonde determinants whose variables separate\u201d [Linear Algebra and its Applications 449 (2014) pp. 17\u201327], there was established a factorized formula for some bivariate Vandermonde determinants (associated to almost square grids) whose basis functions are formed by Hadamard products of some univariate polynomials. That formula was crucial for proving a conjecture on the Vandermonde determinant associated to Padua-like points. In this note we show that the same formula holds when those polynomials are replaced by arbitrary functions and we extend this formula to general rectangular grids. We also show that the Vandermonde determinants associated to Padua-like points are nonvanishing

The Entrepreneurial Adjustment Process in Disequilibrium: Entry and Exit when Markets Under and Over Shoot

The main contribution of entrepreneurship theory to economics is to provide an account of market performance in disequilibrium but little empirical research has examined firm entry and exit in this context. We redress this by modelling the interrelationship between firm entry and exit in disequilibrium. Introducing a new methodology we investigate whether this interrelationship differs between market 'undershooting' (the actual number of firms is below the equilibrium number) and 'overshooting' (vice versa). We find that equilibrium-restoring mechanisms are faster in over than in undershoots. The results imply that in undershoots a lack of competition between incumbent firms contributes to restoration of equilibrium (creating room for new-firm entry) while in overshoots competition induced by new firms (in particular strong displacement) helps restore equilibrium.entry, exit, equilibrium, industrial organization, undershooting, overshooting

Quantification of growth hormone in serum by isotope dilution mass spectrometry

Inter-assay variation of antibody based routine tests is hampering comparability of measurement results for growth hormone (GH) between different laboratories and decision making in clinical practice. Here it is demonstrated, that quantification of GH by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) constitutes a way to precise and reliable results which can be referred to in evaluation of performance of commercial test kits. With the IDMS method developed, tryptic cleavage products YSFLQNPQTSLCFSESIPTPSNR (T6) and LEDGSPR (T12) of GH are quantified by LC/MS-MS using the isotopically labeled forms of the peptides as internal standards. The GH cleavage fragments are obtained by whole-serum tryptic proteolysis and then extracted from the resulting mixture by semi-preparative reversed phase liquid chromatography followed by strong cation-exchange chromatography. Method validation basing on recovery of recombinant 22 kDa GH spiked to blank serum in defined amounts covering the intended concentration range (3-30 µg/L) would yield mean recoveries of 101.6% (100.7%), standard deviations of 2.5% (2.4%) and combined uncertainties (_u~c~_) of 3.0% (2.5%) if quantifying T6 (T12) as GH derived fragments, while the LOQ were 1.7 µg/L (2.7 µg/L). Potential to acquisition of reference values is exemplified by application to serum materials used in a recent quality assessment exercise for routine laboratories

Proceso de renovaci?n urbana entre la carrera 1a y 10a y entre las calles 1a y 15 del centro hist?rico y urbano de la ciudad de Ibagu?. Periodo 2000-2015. Una propuesta did?ctica del espacio urbano

124 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEn la presente investigaci?n se abordara el tema de la renovaci?n urbana como punto neur?lgico en el desarrollo de las ciudades Latinoam?ricanas, espec?ficamente el caso del centro hist?rico de la ciudad de Ibagu? donde se analizara las din?micas sobre el impacto de las consecuencias espaciales del poder pol?tico entre el periodo 2000-2015 en el ?rea de estudio en el que comprende los barrios, La Pola, Bel?n, Centro y Pueblo nuevo, pertenecientes a la comuna 1 y 2 (centro hist?rico). As? mismo, se abordara los componentes demogr?ficos e hist?ricos que han transformado el espacio y las din?micas socioecon?micas que se insertan a partir de la configuraci?n de los sectores anteriormente mencionados. De igual forma, la investigaci?n permitir? comprender las din?micas socio espaciales que se han ejecutado en el centro hist?rico de Ibagu? para posteriormente, realizar una propuesta did?ctica encaminada hacia la protecci?n e interiorizaci?n del patrimonio arquitect?nico y cultural del centro de la ciudad.In the present research, the subject of urban renewal will be addressed as a nerve center in the development of Latin American cities, specifically the case of the historical center of the city of Ibague, where dynamics on the impact of the spatial consequences of political power between The period 2000-2015 in the study area comprising the neighborhoods, La Pola, Belen, Centro and Pueblo Nuevo, belonging to commune 1 and 2 (historic center). It will also address the demographic and historical components that have transformed the space and the socio-economic dynamics that are inserted from the configuration of the aforementioned sectors. In the same way, the research will allow us to understand the socio-spatial dynamics that have been carried out in the historic center of Ibague and then to make a didactic proposal aimed at the protection and exteriorization of the architectural and cultural heritage of the city center. Key Words: Urban Renovation, Urban Political, History center, Education

Die erediens as fees of die fees as erediens?: �n Andrew Murray pryswenner �n kwarteeu later herlees

<p><strong>Worship as feast or feast as worship? Re-reading an Andrew Murray prizewinner one quarter of a century later. </strong><span>The aim of this contribution is to bring the book </span><em>Die erediens as fees</em><span> into discussion with the surrounding culture almost one quarter of a century after its publication. The surrounding culture, we shall call, following Martin Stringer and his so-called discourse of globalisation and consumerism, �the feast as worship service�. Based on this discussion, our research question pertains to the value of </span><em>Die erediens as fees </em><span>for the field of Liturgical Studies today. An answer is attempted by, firstly, sketching the liturgical landscape as well as national and international liturgical-scientific developments in our day and, secondly, providing a liturgical-aesthetical exploration and positioning </span><em>Die erediens as fees </em><span>within these developments and exploration.</span></p

Aproximaci?n a la estimaci?n espacial de sequ?as meteorol?gicas en la cuenca hidrogr?fica del rio Coello, Colombia

15 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa evaluaci?on espacio temporal para la caracterizaci?on de las sequ??as meteorol?ogicas se bas?o en datos de precipitaci ?on mensual acumulada entre 1996-2005 de 20 estaciones meteorol?ogicas distribuidas en la cuenca hidrogr?afica del r??o Coello. Se realiz?o un preprocesamiento a los datos de precipitaci?on con pruebas de consistencia de datos para corregir y eliminar datos sobre o sub estimados. Para estimar los datos faltantes de precipitaci?on se comparan tres m?etodos geoestad??sticos de interpolaci ?on, derivados de Kriging, asociados con variables secundarias como el Kriging Ordinario, CoKrigin Ordinario asocidadas a las variables secundarias de un Modelo de Elevaci?on Digital y datos de precipitaci?on satelital TRMM. Para seleccionar el m?etodo geoestad??stico se compar?o el ajuste de cada interpolaci?on con respecto a tres estaciones de referencia a trav?es de tres pruebas de calidad, las cuales fueron Ra??z del Error Cuadr?atico Medio (RMSE), Criterio de Informaci?on de Akaike (AIC) y Criterio de Informaci?on Bayesiano (BIC). En esta investigaci?on dos de tres pruebas favorecen al CoKriging Ordinario usando como variable secundaria la Altitud (CoK+DEM). Con la serie interpolada de precipitaci?on se evaluaron y caracterizaron las sequ??as por medio del ?Indice de Precipitaci?on Estandarizado (SPI) a escala mensual y trimestral, calculando los par?ametros de severidad, duraci?on, intensidad y frecuencia de las sequ??as. Por medio de mapas se delimitaron las regiones en donde se presentan los valores negativos de SPI. En el an?alisis espacio temporal los meses de Enero, Febrero, Julio y Agosto son los m?as secos del a?no. En el a?no 1997 se present?o la sequ??a meteorol?ogica de mayores afectaciones en la cuenca del r??o Coello generalmente concentrados en la parte media y baja de la cuenca, con una intensidad maxima de -2,57 de SPI. Palabras Clave: Sequ??a meteorol?ogica; m?etodos de interpolaci?on geoestad??sticos; ?Indice de Precipitaci?on Estandarizado (SPI); par?ametros de sequ??as; cuenca hidrogr?afica del r??o Coello.The space-temporal evaluation to characterize meteorological droughts was based on data accumulated monthly precipitation between 1996-2005 from 20 meteorological stations distributed in the Coello River basin. Data precipitation was performed preprocessing with data consistency tests to correct and delete data over- or under estimated. To estimate missing precipitation data are compared three geostatistical interpolation methods derived from Kriging, associated with secondary variables such as the Ordinary Kriging, CoKrigin Ordinary associated with secondary variables of a Digital Elevation Model and data satellite TRMM. To select the statistical method the setting of each interpolation was compared with respect to three reference stations through three quality tests, which were Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). In this investigation two of three tests favor the Ordinary CoKriging using as a secondary variable Altitude (COK+DEM). With the interpolated series of precipitation were evaluated and characterized by drought Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at monthly and quarterly scale, calculating the parameters of severity, duration, intensity and frequency of droughts. By mapping are delimited the regions where occur the more negative values of SPI. In analyzing spacetemporal the months of January, February, July and August are the driest of the year. In 1997 the meteorological drought greatest damage occurs in the Coello River basin generally concentrated in the middle and lower part of the basin, with a maximum intensity of SPI -2,57. Keywords: Meteorological drought; geostatistical interpolation methods; Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI); parameters droughts; Coello River Basin

Correlaci?n entre la ganancia de peso diaria y la digestibilidad in vitro en ovinos en pastoreo suplementados con especies forrajeras del bosque seco tropical

39 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLos ovinos se han convertido en animales de producci?n interesantes para los peque?os productores, especialmente en las regiones secas del mundo, donde adem?s de las gram?neas convencionales pueden utilizar otras especies vegetales que los bovinos no consumen Sin embargo, en la estaci?n seca existe baja en la producci?n y calidad de los forrajes, afectando el consumo y digestibilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue correlacionar la ganancia de peso diaria con algunas variables nutricionales, determinar la digestibilidad y degradabilidad In Vitro de las dietas. El trabajo de investigaci?n fue realizado en la granja ?El Recreo? de la Universidad de Tolima, ubicada en el municipio de Guamo (Tolima) y en el laboratorio de nutrici?n animal de la Universidad del Tolima. Se realiz? un sistema de terminaci?n en pastoreo, adecuando un aprisco con una divisi?n de 5 corrales, dotados con comederos y bebederos. La suplementaci?n se realiz? con base de especies forrajeras en una proporci?n 70:30 (Pastoreo; suplemento), los cuales fueron considerados como tratamientos. Estos consistieron en: T1 (control) = 100% de Botrocloa pertusa; T2 = Senna spectabilis; T3= Leucaena leucocephala; T4= Glricidria sepium; T5= Guazuma ulmifolia. Los suplementos se le suministraron a los ovinos en pastoreo con praderas predominantes en pasto Colosuana. Para este fin se utilizaron 35 ovinos de pelo escogidos bajo los par?metros de similitud en peso y fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 5 grupos de 7 animales cada uno. Para medir el desempe?o animal se realiz? pesajes mensuales, para tener en cuenta la ganancia de peso diaria. A todas las especies se les realizo bromatol?gico, digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS). La degradabilidad in vitro de la MS se determin? por medio de la metodolog?a Deisy II de la marca Ankom?. Se observ? que la dieta 4 (G. sepium) tubo diferencia significativa en la degradabilidad a las 48 horas con valor p <0.0001 con respecto a los otros tratamientos. La ganancia de peso est? relacionada con el porcentaje de MS, el S. spectabilis con el mayor porcentaje de materia seca (74,7), obtuvo la mayor ganancia de pesos diario (58 g). Palabras clave: Degradabilidad, Digestibilidad, Pastoreo, Ganancia diaria de peso, peque?os Rumiantes.The sheep animals have been turning into production animals so interesting for the small producers, especially in the dry regions around the world. Where besides of the conventional grasses, they can utilize other vegetables species that the bovines don?t it. However, in the dry station exists slow production and quality of forages affecting the consumption and digestibility. The object of the investigation was correlated the daily weight gain with some nutritional variables, it was also determined In Vitro digestibility and degradability of diets. This investigation was realized at the farm ?el Recreo? in the Tolima University, located in the municipality of Guamo (Tolima) and the animal nutrition laboratory of the Tolima University. It was realized a grazing termination system adapting a sheepfold with a division of 5 pens, each with feeders and drinking troughs. The supplementation was realized with base on forage species at a rate of 70:30 (grazing, supplement), which were considered as treatments, these ones consisted in: T1 (control) = 100% Botrocloa pertusa; T2 = Senna spectabilis; T3 = Leucaena leucocephala; T4 = Glicidria sepium; T5 = Guazuma ulmifolia. The supplements were given to the sheep in pasture with predominant meadows in Colosuana grass. For this purpose, 35 hair sheep were selected under the parameters of similarity in weight, they were used and they were randomly distributed in 5 groups of 7 animals each. To measure animal performance, monthly weighings were performed to take into account the daily weight gain. All species were subjected to bromatological, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DIVMS). The in vitro degradability of the MS was determined by the Deisy II methodology of the Ankom? brand. It was observed that diet 4 (G. sepium) tube significant difference in the degradability at 48 hours with value p <0.0001 with respect to the other treatments. Weight gain is related to the percentage of DM, S. spectabilis with the highest percentage of dry matter (74.7), obtained the highest daily weight gain (58 g). Keywords: Degradability, digestibility, grazing, daily weight gain, small ruminants