Estudantes indígenas da Universidade Federal do Tocantins no contexto da pandemia: desafios e perspectivas

The Dissertation is linked to the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Tocantins (PPGE/UFT), in the State, Society and Educational Practices line. The research deals with the challenges faced by indigenous students in higher education at the University Campus of Porto Nacional in the context of the changes established by the emergency situation of COVID 19 in the years 2020, 2021 and mid-2022: what has changed in the teaching and learning conditions for the inclusion of indigenous students in Higher Education in the context of the Covid 19 Pandemic at the UFT University Campus in Porto Nacional? The methodology was qualitative, exploratory research that helped to understand the mentioned problem. The qualitative instruments were the interviews, the questionnaires, and the collected documents. The literature review addressed the authors: Ferreira (1994); Munduruku (2012); Baniwa (2019; 2012; 2009; 2006); Silveira (2012); Bergamashi (2012); Pimentel (2012); Giraldin (2003); Grupioni (2002, 2003, 2006) and Krenak (2020). The documentary research was limited to the collection of the Academic Secretariat of the University Campus of Porto Nacional, to Propesq, to the SIE (Teaching Information System) database at UFT. The field research was carried out through interviews with a semi-structured script and questionnaires, using online interaction tools. The research revealed the discussions in the educational field about the measures adopted for the continuity of classes during the pandemic, highlighted the difficulties faced by indigenous students and showed some paths that must be followed by Higher Education in the context of COVID 19 in Brazil, especially in the University Campus of Porto Nacional/UFT. It was concluded that there is a need to invest in public policies for the implementation of digital technologies for remote teaching, training indigenous students for higher education. Therefore, indigenous higher education must be guided by the principles of intercultural education, be specific and differentiated.A Dissertação está vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (PPGE/UFT), na linha Estado, Sociedade e Práticas Educativas. A pesquisa trata dos desafios enfrentados pelos estudantes indígenas na educação superior no Campus Universitário de Porto Nacional diante do contexto das mudanças estabelecidas pela situação emergencial da COVID 19 nos anos 2020, 2021 e meados de 2022. A partir dessa tematização, tem-se o problema: o que mudou nas condições de ensino e aprendizagem para a inclusão dos estudantes indígenas na Educação Superior no contexto da Pandemia da Covid 19 no Campus Universitário da UFT em Porto Nacional? A metodologia foi a pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória que colaborou para entender o problema mencionado. Os instrumentos qualitativos foram as entrevistas, os questionários e os documentos coletados. A revisão bibliográfica abordou os autores: Ferreira (1994); Munduruku (2012); Baniwa (2019; 2012; 2009; 2006); Silveira (2012); Bergamashi (2012); Pimentel (2012); Giraldin (2003); Grupioni (2002, 2003, 2006) e Krenak (2020). A pesquisa documental circunscreveu ao acervo da Secretaria Acadêmica do Campus Universitário de Porto Nacional, à Propesq, ao Banco de dados do SIE (Sistema de Informações para o Ensino) da UFT. A pesquisa de campo se deu por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado e questionários, utilizando as ferramentas on line de interação. A pesquisa revelou as discussões no campo educacional sobre as medidas adotadas para a continuidade das aulas durante a pandemia, ressaltou as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estudantes indígenas e mostrou alguns caminhos que devem ser trilhados pela Educação Superior no contexto da COVID 19 no Brasil, em especial no Campus Universitário de Porto Nacional/UFT. Concluiu-se que, há necessidade de investimento em políticas públicas para a implementação de tecnologias digitais para o ensino remoto, capacitando os estudantes indígenas para a educação superior. Sendo assim, a educação superior indígena deve ser pautada nos princípios da educação intercultural, ser específica e diferenciad

Effects of particle size and physical form of diets on broiler performance

Foram utilizados 936 pintos de corte machos e 1008 fêmeas da linhagem Cobb® criados no período de um a 45 dias. Os tratamentos foram compostos por duas formas físicas da ração (farelada e peletizada) e duas granulometrias do milho (3,8mm e 7,0mm). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (duas granulometrias x duas formas físicas), com seis repetições de 39 aves cada para os machos e seis repetições de 42 aves cada para as fêmeas. A ração peletizada produzida com moagem 3,8mm apresentou melhor PDI (P≤0,05). Aves fêmeas alimentadas com ração peletizada apresentaram maior consumo de ração, ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar que aquelas que receberam ração farelada. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para as variáveis ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e consumo de ração dos machos. Não houve influência da forma física e da granulometria sobre a viabilidade das aves em nenhuma fase de criação (P>0,05)

Abrolhos Bank Reef Health Evaluated by Means of Water Quality, Microbial Diversity, Benthic Cover, and Fish Biomass Data

The health of the coral reefs of the Abrolhos Bank (southwestern Atlantic) was characterized with a holistic approach using measurements of four ecosystem components: (i) inorganic and organic nutrient concentrations, [1] fish biomass, [1] macroalgal and coral cover and (iv) microbial community composition and abundance. The possible benefits of protection from fishing were particularly evaluated by comparing sites with varying levels of protection. Two reefs within the well-enforced no-take area of the National Marine Park of Abrolhos (Parcel dos Abrolhos and California) were compared with two unprotected coastal reefs (Sebastião Gomes and Pedra de Leste) and one legally protected but poorly enforced coastal reef (the “paper park” of Timbebas Reef). The fish biomass was lower and the fleshy macroalgal cover was higher in the unprotected reefs compared with the protected areas. The unprotected and protected reefs had similar seawater chemistry. Lower vibrio CFU counts were observed in the fully protected area of California Reef. Metagenome analysis showed that the unprotected reefs had a higher abundance of archaeal and viral sequences and more bacterial pathogens, while the protected reefs had a higher abundance of genes related to photosynthesis. Similar to other reef systems in the world, there was evidence that reductions in the biomass of herbivorous fishes and the consequent increase in macroalgal cover in the Abrolhos Bank may be affecting microbial diversity and abundance. Through the integration of different types of ecological data, the present study showed that protection from fishing may lead to greater reef health. The data presented herein suggest that protected coral reefs have higher microbial diversity, with the most degraded reef (Sebastião Gomes) showing a marked reduction in microbial species richness. It is concluded that ecological conditions in unprotected reefs may promote the growth and rapid evolution of opportunistic microbial pathogens

The genetic epidemiology of joint shape and the development of osteoarthritis

Congruent, low-friction relative movement between the articulating elements of a synovial joint is an essential pre-requisite for sustained, efficient, function. Where disorders of joint formation or maintenance exist, mechanical overloading and osteoarthritis (OA) follow. The heritable component of OA accounts for ~ 50% of susceptible risk. Although almost 100 genetic risk loci for OA have now been identified, and the epidemiological relationship between joint development, joint shape and osteoarthritis is well established, we still have only a limited understanding of the contribution that genetic variation makes to joint shape and how this modulates OA risk. In this article, a brief overview of synovial joint development and its genetic regulation is followed by a review of current knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of established joint shape disorders and common shape variation. A summary of current genetic epidemiology of OA is also given, together with current evidence on the genetic overlap between shape variation and OA. Finally, the established genetic risk loci for both joint shape and osteoarthritis are discussed

Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0–74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0–14 years), working (ages 15–64 years), and post-working (ages 65–74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings: Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19·6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17·9–21·3), as well as among the young (22·5, 19·9–24·7), working (17·2, 15·2–19·1), and post-working (15·1, 13·2–17·0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30·7 (28·6–33·0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83·4 (82·4–84·3) on average in high-SDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40·4–89·0), working (33·8–82·8), and post-working (30·4–79·1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. Interpretation: Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation