Estudio clínico e inmunológico de alergia a la mostaza

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 23 de Enero de 200

Phosphorus removal and recycled from tertiary effluent in sewage treatment plant using graphene modified with magnetic nanoparticles (M@GO).

Phosphorus is employed in detergents, as fertilizers in agriculture, etc. As a nutrient for plants, too much phosphorus can cause increased growth of algae and large aquatic plants, which can result in decreased levels of dissolved oxygen– a process called eutrophication. On the other hand, P is a relatively limited resource, considered by the European Union as a strategic interest material. Thus, the removal and recycled of P from the sewage treatment plants is of great interest to the society. In this work, a new patented magnetic graphene oxide (M@GO) for the removal of phosphorus from wastewater is studied. The main technical advantage of this solid adsorbent is its easy separation from the treated water by applying a magnetic field. The key factors affecting the sorption and elution efficiency are studied. The thermodynamic adsorption model that provides a best fit was the Langmuir isotherm. The mass transfer kinetic model indicates that the mass transfer of P between the bulk liquid and the solid surface is not the rate-limiting step of the adsorption process. The P adsorption on M@GO was demonstrated by TEM, XPS, FTIR. After the adsorption, an ammonia aqueous solution has provided to be the best eluent to recover the phosphorus from the solid adsorbent, as ammonium phosphate, with recovery yields above 90%. The results of this work have driven to the design of a new magnetic reactor for the treatment of waste water. Acknowledgements The authors thank to Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Project PID2021-126794OB and the II Plan Propio UMA.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Green chemistry: advancing planetary phosphorus sustainability through the synergy of graphene oxide modified with magnetic nanoparticles (M@GO) for extracting tertiary effluent phosphorus in sewage treatment plants.

Securing the enduring sustainability of global phosphorus (P) utilization has become a key societal priority. The application of green chemistry and green engineering presents an opportunity to mitigate these challenges and contribute to the sustainable closure of the global phosphorus cycle by addressing the extraction of phosphorus from waste and subsequent reuse. In this manuscript the feasibility of a novel magnetic graphene oxide for wastewater phosphorus recovery/removal is described. The primary technical benefit of this solid adsorbent lies in its easy separation from treated water through magnetic field application. The key factors affecting the sorption efficiency (contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage) are studied. During the first 30 min, at pH 8 and with a dosage of 0.8 g L−1, 25% of the initial concentration is reduced. Among the 3 thermodynamic models proposed, the Langmuir isotherm provides the best fit to the experimental results, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.69 mg g−1. Four kinetic models are evaluated to describe the adsorption of phosphorus on this magnetic graphene oxide for different initial adsorbate concentrations and adsorbent dosages. Among them, Langmuir kinetics provide the best fit to the experimental data. The adsorption rate constant is 0.72 L mg−1 h−1, and the desorption rate is 0.58 h−1, in accordance with the identified Langmuir isotherm. Parameter values calculated from a mass transfer kinetic model indicate that the mass transfer of phosphorus between the bulk liquid and the solid surface is not the rate-limiting step of the adsorption process. Following the separation of this magnetic solid from the treated wastewater, an ammonia aqueous solution can recover the phosphorus from the solid adsorbent. Preliminary results show absorbed phosphorus recovery yields above 99% with a solid–liquid ratio up to 5 times higher than that used in the adsorption process.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Research Project PID2021-126794OB-I00] University of Málaga [Support for Prototypes E3/05/21], [II Plan Propio (B1-2022_20 and B4-2023-19)] CEI MAR funds. Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Collaboration grant and fellowship FPU18/05371 Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Malaga/CBUA

Revolutionizing Environmental Remediation: Innovative Magnetic Systems for Efficient Arsenic, Antimony, and Phosphorus Removal from Potable Aqueous Samples.

In this comprehensive study, we address the critical issues of environmental contamination by focusing on the remediation of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) as well as the efficient removal of phosphorus (P) from aqueous samples. The research begins with a groundbreaking approach to arsenic remediation, acknowledging its widespread presence in the Earth's crust and its highly toxic inorganic forms, particularly As(III). A novel magnetic solid phase extraction method utilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with [1,5-bis (2-pyridyl) 3-sulfophenylmethylene] thiocarbonohydrazide M@GOPS was developed. This system demonstrated remarkable efficiency, achieving 100% removal of As in less than 30 minutes from a potable water source with an initial concentration of 0.01 g/mL, as confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS). Simultaneously, the study extends its focus to antimony, emphasizing the incapacity of Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTP) to entirely eliminate Sb concentration in natural waters due to its toxicity. The same innovative magnetic material (M@GOPS) was employed for the adsorption of Sb, achieving a 50% removal in 60 minutes from a potable water source with an initial concentration of 0.001 g/mL. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) was employed for Sb determination. Transitioning to another environmental concern, the study introduces a novel patented magnetic graphene oxide (M@GO) for the removal of phosphorus from wastewater. Recognizing the adverse effects of excessive phosphorus on aquatic ecosystems, the M@GO adsorbent showcased easy separation from treated water using a magnetic field. The Langmuir isotherm was identified as the thermodynamic adsorption model, emphasizing efficient removal.

World Allergy Organization-McMaster University Guidelines for Allergic Disease Prevention (GLAD-P): Probiotics

Background: Prevalence of allergic diseases in infants, whose parents and siblings do not have allergy, is approximately 10% and reaches 20–30% in those with an allergic first-degree relative. Intestinal microbiota may modulate immunologic and inflammatory systemic responses and, thus, influence development of sensitization and allergy. Probiotics have been reported to modulate immune responses and their supplementation has been proposed as a preventive intervention. Objective: The World Allergy Organization (WAO) convened a guideline panel to develop evidence-based recommendations about the use of probiotics in the prevention of allergy. Methods: We identified the most relevant clinical questions and performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the prevention of allergy. We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to develop recommendations. We searched for and reviewed the evidence about health effects, patient values and preferences, and resource use (up to November 2014). We followed the GRADE evidence-to-decision framework to develop recommendations. Results: Currently available evidence does not indicate that probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of developing allergy in children. However, considering all critical outcomes in this context, the WAO guideline panel determined that there is a likely net benefit from using probiotics resulting primarily from prevention of eczema. The WAO guideline panel suggests: a) using probiotics in pregnant women at high risk for having an allergic child; b) using probiotics in women who breastfeed infants at high risk of developing allergy; and c) using probiotics in infants at high risk of developing allergy. All recommendations are conditional and supported by very low quality evidence. Conclusions: WAO recommendations about probiotic supplementation for prevention of allergy are intended to support parents, clinicians and other health care professionals in their decisions whether to use probiotics in pregnancy and during breastfeeding, and whether to give them to infants

Psychosocial and productivity impact of caring for a child with peanut allergy

Background Limited previous research has assessed the psychosocial burden and productivity impact of caring for a child with peanut allergy and factors associated with burden. The objective of this research was to explore caregiver burden in terms of psychosocial and productivity impact of caring for a child with peanut allergy, the influence of caregiver and child gender on caregiver burden, and factors predicting caregiver burden in peanut allergy. Methods A cross-sectional survey of caregivers of children with peanut allergy was conducted in the United Kingdom, and included sociodemographic and clinical questions, EQ-5D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Food Allergy Quality of Life-Parental Burden, Food Allergy Independent Measure, and productivity questions. Results One hundred caregivers (55% female) of children with peanut allergy (aged 4–15 years) completed the survey. Male and female caregivers reported mean levels of anxiety significantly higher than United Kingdom population norms. Caregivers of children with severe peanut allergy reported significant impacts on their careers and health-related quality of life. Neither caregiver nor child gender impacted burden, indicating that male and female caregivers are equally anxious and suffer the same level of negative career, productivity, and health-related quality-of-life impact due to their child’s peanut allergy. Caregivers’ perceived risk of outcomes related to their child’s peanut allergy (e.g., death or severe reaction) as measured by the Food Allergy Independent Measure independently predicted burden. Conclusions Caregivers of children with peanut allergy in the United Kingdom experience health-related quality-of-life, psychosocial, and productivity burden; this study demonstrates the high levels of anxiety reported by both male and female caregivers

Children and caregiver proxy quality of life from peanut oral immunotherapy trials.Children and Caregiver Proxy Quality of Life from Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Trials

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is significantly and substantially reduced in individuals with peanut allergy due to many factors associated with unanticipated or potentially fatal reactions. Further insight on the impact of peanut oral immunotherapy in managing peanut allergy on HRQoL is needed. The aim of this analysis was to assess effects of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp (PTAH), a biologic drug for peanut oral immunotherapy, on HRQoL from three phase 3 and two follow-on trials of PTAH. METHODS: HRQoL assessments from participants aged 4-17 in the PALISADE (ARC003), ARC004 (PALISADE follow-on), ARTEMIS (ARC010), RAMSES (ARC007), and ARC011 (RAMSES follow-on) trials were included in this analysis. Responses on the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) were evaluated by age group and respondent (self or caregiver proxy). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Student t tests. RESULTS: Baseline FAQLQ and FAIM total scores appeared comparable between PTAH- and placebo-treated participants. Self and caregiver proxy-reported total scores on the FAQLQ for PTAH-treated participants generally improved at trial exit versus baseline; FAIM total scores improved throughout all trials. The tendency for improvement in FAQLQ total scores from baseline for PTAH appeared larger in self versus caregiver proxy-reports. Between treatment groups, PTAH was generally favored in the PALISADE and ARTEMIS trials; differences varied in the RAMSES trial based on age and respondent types. CONCLUSIONS: PTAH for the management of peanut allergy in children appeared to have a beneficial effect on HRQoL in trials. Improvements were seen despite rigors of trial participation

Exploratory immunogenicity outcomes of peanut oral immunotherapy: Findings from the PALISADE trial.

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) to peanut and its components may influence the clinical reactivity to peanut. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is known for modifying both IgE and IgG4. Peanut oral immunotherapy may influence these serological parameters. METHODS: Exploratory analyses of serological data from participants receiving peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp (PTAH) and placebo in the double-blind, randomized, phase 3 PALISADE trial were conducted to evaluate potential relationships between peanut-specific and peanut component-specific (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 6, Ara h 8, and Ara h 9) IgE and IgG4 levels and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 269 participants (PTAH, n = 202; placebo, n = 67) were analyzed. No relationship was observed between specific IgE and IgG4 levels at screening and maximum tolerated peanut protein dose during screening or response status during exit double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). In PTAH-treated participants, no relationship was observed between IgE and IgG4 levels at screening and maximum symptom severity during exit DBPCFC. Postscreening ratios (ie, postscreening/screening) in the PTAH group were significant at the end of updosing and exit visit for most components. Postscreening changes in specific IgE levels were more pronounced with PTAH versus placebo for most components. CONCLUSIONS: Specific IgE and IgG4 levels at screening are not correlated with screening or exit DBPCFC results, and are not predictive of clinical response to PTAH. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp contains the relevant and immunodominant allergens, inducing immunological changes with the treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02635776

Peanut Allergy impact on PRoductivity and QUAlity of life (PAPRIQUA):Caregiver-reported psychosocial impact of peanut allergy on children

BACKGROUND: Limited research has examined the impact of peanut allergy (PA) on children using validated instruments to assess psychosocial burden and the factors influencing burden. OBJECTIVE: The PAPRIQUA study aimed to assess the caregiver-reported impact of living with PA on children's health-related quality of life (HRQL), correlations between PA severity and child's sex, and associations of caregivers' sex and anxiety with the proxy report of their child's HRQL and to identify significant predictors of a child's HRQL. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of caregivers of children with mild, moderate and severe PA, based on caregiver perception, was conducted in the United Kingdom. Participants were recruited through a survey recruitment panel; a maximum quota of 20% who rated their child's PA as mild was set to ensure population diversity; however, the quota was not required as few participants considered their child's PA mild. The survey, funded by Aimmune Therapeutics, included sociodemographic and clinical questions, the EQ-5D-Y, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM). RESULTS: One hundred caregivers of children with PA (aged 4-15 years) completed the survey. Child's sex was not associated with proxy-reported burden. For younger children (aged 4-10 years), there was no effect of PA severity; parents of older children (aged 11-15 years) reported low to higher burden for their child on the EQ-5D-Y and FAQLQ-PF dependent upon PA severity. For all measures of child burden except the EQ-5D-Y, two or more reactions in the past 12 months and parental anxiety significantly predicted higher levels of burden for the child (P < .05-P < .001). Experiencing a life-threatening event in the past 12 months significantly predicted EQ-5D-Y proxy utility (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Caregivers report that children with PA experience high levels of psychosocial burden, particularly those with more severe PA and a reaction history. Interventions to decrease caregiver anxiety and reaction frequency may help reduce the child's burden. Self-report studies in children with PA would help confirm these findings

AR101 Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy

BACKGROUND: Peanut allergy, for which there are no approved treatment options, affects patients who are at risk for unpredictable and occasionally life-threatening allergic reactions.METHODS: In a phase 3 trial, we screened participants 4 to 55 years of age with peanut allergy for allergic dose-limiting symptoms at a challenge dose of 100 mg or less of peanut protein (approximately one third of a peanut kernel) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Participants with an allergic response were randomly assigned, in a 3:1 ratio, to receive AR101 (a peanut-derived investigational biologic oral immunotherapy drug) or placebo in an escalating-dose program. Participants who completed the regimen (i.e., received 300 mg per day of the maintenance regimen for approximately 24 weeks) underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge at trial exit. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of participants 4 to 17 years of age who could ingest a challenge dose of 600 mg or more, without dose-limiting symptoms.RESULTS: Of the 551 participants who received AR101 or placebo, 496 were 4 to 17 years of age; of these, 250 of 372 participants (67.2%) who received active treatment, as compared with 5 of 124 participants (4.0%) who received placebo, were able to ingest a dose of 600 mg or more of peanut protein, without dose-limiting symptoms, at the exit food challenge (difference, 63.2 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, 53.0 to 73.3; P&lt;0.001). During the exit food challenge, the maximum severity of symptoms was moderate in 25% of the participants in the active-drug group and 59% of those in the placebo group and severe in 5% and 11%, respectively. Adverse events during the intervention period affected more than 95% of the participants 4 to 17 years of age. A total of 34.7% of the participants in the active-drug group had mild events, as compared with 50.0% of those in the placebo group; 59.7% and 44.4% of the participants, respectively, had events that were graded as moderate, and 4.3% and 0.8%, respectively, had events that were graded as severe. Efficacy was not shown in the participants 18 years of age or older.CONCLUSIONS: In this phase 3 trial of oral immunotherapy in children and adolescents who were highly allergic to peanut, treatment with AR101 resulted in higher doses of peanut protein that could be ingested without dose-limiting symptoms and in lower symptom severity during peanut exposure at the exit food challenge than placebo. (Funded by Aimmune Therapeutics; PALISADE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02635776 .).</p