Melancholy and Crisis Worldview as the Situation of Man “In His Time” in the First Third of the XX Century

Introduction. Shaping modernity in the first third of the twentieth century is tied to the private worldview of the person of this era in which the main metaphor of the individual perception of “their time” is melancholy. The crisis of this historical period forms the prism of melancholic worldview. The goal of this article is to substantiate the reasons for the perception of melancholy as a phenomenon caused in part by the problem of individual experience of time. The relationship between melancholy and modernity has already been noted in the literature, but this text raises a new question – what is the temporal nature of this mutual influence?Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of melancholy is played by the texts of authors of the early 20th century: Walter Benjamin, devoted to Charles Baudelaire and the work of Sigmund Freud “Mourning and Melancholy”. The issue of temporality in the work is interpreted through the reference to the phenomenological tradition, namely in reference to the modern phenomenological analysis of depressive disorder in the work of Domonkos Sik.Results and discussion. The author comes to the conclusion that the feeling of the interrelation of melancholy and the epoch is extremely specific for a person of the first third of the 20th century, evidence of which could be found in the philosophical and cultural reflection of this period. Crisis worldview is reflected in literature, painting, cinema, philosophy, social theory, etc. Thus, it is possible to represent melancholy as a phenomenon, partly caused by the problem of individual experience of time. Melancholy occurs when a crisis worldview is supplemented by an experience of circular temporality, the disappearance of the future, preoccupation with the past, passivity, or isolation.Conclusion. If these elements come together, a total worldview is formed in which real world events intensify melancholy. In this sense, phenomenologically speaking, melancholy is not so much a state as a dynamic process

Somatotypological Characterization of Bulgarian Children and Adolescents (Smolyan Region)

The aim of this study is to investigate age- and sex-related changes in somatotypological characteristics of Bulgarian children and adolescents from Smolyan region. The investigated sample in this work included a total 1086 (559 boys and 527 girls), aged 7–17 years and measured cross-sectional between 1998–2001. Standard anthropometric technique and instruments were used. The anthropometric variables of the weight (W), height (H), humerus and femur width, calf and arm flexed and tensed girth were measured by Martin-Saller’s method (1957). The thickness of the four skinfolds – the triceps, biceps, subscapular and medial calf on the right side also were measured. These anthropometrical measurements were required for determining three Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype components. Data processing and statistical analysis was made by Statistica software package using descriptive analysis and one –way ANOVA for the assessment of age- and sex differences between groups. The results show specific age- and sex-related changes in somatotype characters, mean somatotype and inter-sex differences between values of somatotype components of both sexes

Giant volume magnetostriction in the Y 2

An investigation of the Y2Fe17 compound belonging to the class of intermetallic alloys of rare-earth and 3d-transition metals is presented. The magnetization, magnetostriction, and thermal expansion of the Y2Fe17 single crystal were studied. The forced magnetostriction and magnetostriction constants were investigated in the temperature range of the magnetic ordering close to the room temperature. The giant field induced volume magnetostriction was discovered in the room temperature region in the magnetic field up to 1.2 T. The contributions of both anisotropic single-ion and isotropic pair exchange interactions to the volume magnetostriction and magnetostriction constants were determined. The experimental results were interpreted within the framework of the Standard Theory of Magnetostriction and the Landau thermodynamic theory. It was found out that the giant values of the volume magnetostriction were caused by the strong dependence of the 3d-electron Coulomb charge repulsion on the deformations and width of the 3d-electron energy band

Implementation of the checklist «Organization of the workplace of an anesthesiologist» during the training of residents in the specialty: «Anesthesiology and Resuscitation»

evaluate the frequency of mistakes made without it and with its use.   Materials and methods. The study included 32 residents of the first year of study in the specialty «Anesthesiology and Resuscitation», who had previously held theoretical lectures on the topic: «Organization of the workplace of an anesthesiologist». In the simulation center, the subjects were asked to prepare the anesthesiologist’s workplace. The trainees were divided into two groups. The1st group – performing the task without prior acquaintance with the checklist and the 2nd group – acquaintance with the checklist. The assessment was carried out by two teachers independently of each other using a checklist modified for objective assessment of the subjects.   Results. In the 1st group, 8 (50 %) students coped with the task, in the 2nd group, in 15 cases (94 %), the task was successfully completed. Checking the availability of funds for tracheal intubation was successfully completed by trainees in both groups. At the same time, points were identified: a leak test and checking the correct functioning of the anesthetic-respiratory apparatus, which the subjects could not cope with, which required more detailed consideration, both in theoretical and practical classes of these issues.   Conclusion. The use of the checklist: «Organization of the workplace of an anesthesiologist» allows to increase the effectiveness of training of residents and reduce the number of mistakes made

ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION

Purpose: to compare the depth of anesthesia and hemodynamic reactions during general anesthesia for caesarean section.Materials and Methods: 45 pregnant women scheduled for caesarean section under general anesthesia were enrolled. All patients were divided into 3 groups (15 patients in each), depending on the general anesthetics. In the 1st group used sodium thiopental 5 mg / kg, in the 2nd sodium thiopental 5 mg / kg with sevoflurane (0.5 MAC), 3rd propofol 2.5 mg / kg. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and index of AAI were estimated at six basic stages of the operation.Results: the highest rates of mean arterial pressure and AAI index were observed in the first group.Summary: the use of a mixture of thiopental sodium dose of 5 mg/kg with sevoflurane (0.5 MAC) or propofol dose of 2.5 mg / kg provide a sufficient surgical level of depth of anesthesia in the main stages of the operation; allow minimize hypertensive response for intubation and surgical trauma in comparison with the thiopental sodium dose of 5 mg/kg