Un sistema de respuesta interactiva telefonica como herramienta de apoyo a la gestion de la Ilustre Municipalidad de Talca.

158 p.Cuando las organizaciones tanto públicas como privadas buscan aumentar la eficiencia de sus procesos, una de las alternativas a las que recurren es incorporar nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones (TIC) con el fin de agilizar la gestión, mejorar la productividad de sus trabajadores y prestar mejores servicios a la comunidad. Este proyecto tiene como característica, identificar las percepciones respecto de la posible incorporación de un Sistema de Respuesta Interactiva de Voz (IVR) en la Ilustre Municipalidad de Talca, para su uso por parte de los funcionarios que integran la Municipalidad de Talca, como de la ciudadanía que pertenece a esta localidad. Además se presenta un cuadro de costos del proyecto. Se dan a conocer experiencias organizacionales con y sin el sistema de automatización de telefonía IVR, además de identificar las características, ventajas, desventajas y limitaciones de este sistema. Se analizan las direcciones o departamentos de la Ilustre Municipalidad de Talca involucrados, de acuerdo al mayor número de llamados telefónicos recibidos por dichas direcciones, identificando las correspondientes consultas específicas y elaborando los respectivos árboles de consultas susceptibles de ser estructuradas

Restauración indirecta posterior: una alternativa para la restauración de un diente tratado endodonticamente

PDFLos grandes avances en la odontología y las necesidades funcionales y estéticas de los pacientes han llevado a desarrollar tratamientos más conservadores que a la vez permiten obtener mejores resultados. La odontología actual, basada en un enfoque adhesivo, mínimamente invasivo, permite brindar a los pacientes un tratamiento de buen pronóstico sin la necesidad de eliminar tejido dental innecesario para crear retención mecánica, descartando así el uso de postes intrarradiculares, muñones y coronas, que suele ser el tratamiento convencional para dientes endodonciados. El uso de restauraciones adhesivas indirectas es posible y beneficioso para dientes previamente tratados con endodoncia aun cuando estos presenten severa destrucción dental. En el presente caso clínico se trató a un paciente con un diente posterior con tratamiento endodóntico previo, sin restauración alguna y con destrucción severa. El uso de restauración adhesiva indirecta posterior en este caso, se usó a fin de devolver estructura cuspídea, cumpliendo así su funcionalidad. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios con apropiada adaptación, buena estética, bajo costo y sobre todo la satisfacción del paciente, mostrando así el éxito del tratamiento.The great advances in dentistry and the functional and aesthetic needs of patients have led to the development of more conservative treatments that at the same time allow better results. Current dentistry, based on an adhesive, minimally invasive approach, allows patients to be treated with a good prognosis without the need to remove unnecessary dental tissue to create mechanical retention, thus ruling out the use of intra-radicular posts, stumps and crowns, which often be the conventional treatment for root canal teeth. The use of indirect adhesive restorations is possible and beneficial for teeth previously treated with endodontics even when they present severe dental destruction. In the present clinical case, it was treated a patient with a posterior tooth with previous endodontic treatment, without any restoration and with severe destruction. The use of posterior indirect adhesive restoration in this case was used to restore the cusp structure, thus fulfilling its functionality. The results were satisfactory with appropriate adaptation, good aesthetics, low cost and above all patient satisfaction, thus showing the success of the treatment

Comparison of the clinical scores for bronchiolitis to determine severity in patients under 1 year at Hospital Cayetano Heredia during April to September 2022

La bronquiolitis es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia en épocas de baja temperatura y elevada tasa de hospitalización en nuestro país; la cual requiere interpretaciones clínicas homogéneas, para su estratificación y manejo, siendo las escalas clínicas de severidad útiles para tal fin. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la escala clínica ESBA (Escala de severidad de bronquiolitis) y la escala clínica WDF (Wood, Downes y Ferres); para determinar cuál de ellas predice mejor el estado de gravedad y así definir el manejo definitivo a aplicar. Se realizará un estudio observacional, prospectivo y de concordancia; en pacientes menores de 1 año, con diagnóstico clínico de bronquiolitis, en el área de emergencia pediátrica del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, durante abril y septiembre 2022; donde se aplicará a cada paciente ambas escalas clínicas de severidad. Se utilizará el coeficiente interobservador (kappa) para evaluar la concordancia entre escalas de severidad; posteriormente se analizará la sensibilidad (Se), especificidad (Sp), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN), así como las razones de verosimilitud positivas (LR+) y negativas (LR−) de ambas escalas de severidad. Finalmente se trazará las curvas ROC (características operativas del receptor) y se calculará el AUC (área bajo la curva) de la escala ESBA frente a la escala WDF

A Survey of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis E Virus at the Human–Wildlife Interface in the Peruvian Amazon

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are zoonotic pathogens posing significant health concerns in rural Amazonia, a region marked by high endemicity, poverty, and limited healthcare access. However, the epidemiology of HBV and HEV in this ecosystem remains underexplored. This study examines the circulation of HBV and HEV at the human–wildlife interface and identifies risk factors within an isolated Amazonian indigenous community reliant on hunting for subsistence. Antibodies against HBV core antigens (HBcAbs) were found in three wildlife species: Cuniculus paca (0.8%), Tayassu pecari (1.6%), and Mazama americana (4.1%), marking the first record of HBV antibodies in free-ranging wildlife in the Amazon. However, further research is necessary to identify circulating strains and their relation to human HBV. HBcAbs were also detected in 9.1% of human samples, confirming exposure to HBV in the region. HEV IgG antibodies were present in 17.1% of humans and were associated with higher age. All wildlife and domestic animal samples tested negative for HEV, but transmission through consumption of wild animals and contaminated water needs further investigation. The identified risk factors highlight the urgent need for measures to promote safer food handling, improved sanitation, hygiene, and practices related to contact with wild animals.This work was supported by ERANet-LAC (ERANet17/HLH-0271), research projects (nº 136-2018-FONDECYT; AC18/00054 Instituto de Salud Carlos; 400800/2019-5 CNPq), Fundació Autònoma Solidària (n° FS-XXXVI-FS1) y Global GreenGrants Funds (n° 2020-4226), and the training grant D43 TW007393 awarded by the Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health, who also supported MLS and AGL. M.F.M. acknowledges a doctoral scholarship from the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants [scholarship FI-SDUR EMC/3345/2020] and received the funding from the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (RSTMH) as part of a small research grant initiative “https://www.rstmh.org/grants/grant-awardees-2021 (accessed on 7 September 2024)”. GU received two grants from the CNPq PPGSPAA program in GD modality (140312/2020-0) and SWE modality (201546/2020-5).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sexual and reproductive traits of the pearl oyster shrimp Pontonia margarita (Decapoda: Palemonidae), symbiotically inhabiting the mantle cavity of the rugose pen shell Pinna rugosa (Bivalvia: Pinnidae)

Symbiosis between decapods and mollusks provides a unique opportunity to examine some of the evolutionary strategies employed by marine invertebrates. We describe the sexual and reproductive traits of the pearl oyster shrimp, Pontonia margarita Verril, 1869, found symbiotically inhabiting the mantle cavity of the rugose pen shell, Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835. Solitary males and females (ovigerous and non-ovigerous) and heterosexual pairs (with ovigerous and non-ovigerous females) were found in a total of 47 rugose pen shells collected from a sandy area with seagrass meadows on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico. The body length (BL) of female P. margarita was correlated with the shell volume of their rugose pen shell host. The sex ratio was female-biased (0.85M:1F). Female P. margarita were larger than their male counterparts in terms of BL, cephalothorax length (CL), and the maximum chelae length of the second pereopod (MCL). The CL and MCL were more strongly correlated for males (r = 0.70, p = 0.01). The number and volume of eggs per ovigerous female varied from 95 to 1,571 and from 5.46 ± 0.48 to 8.85 ± 0.97 mm3, respectively. Our results indicate polygamous behavior and social monogamy among P. margarita, and a short-term pairing system for their association with P. rugosa

A Survey of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis E Virus at the Human-Wildlife Interface in the Peruvian Amazon

Altres ajuts: Fundació Autònoma Solidària FS-XXXVI-FS1. FONDECYT 136-2018Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are zoonotic pathogens posing significant health concerns in rural Amazonia, a region marked by high endemicity, poverty, and limited healthcare access. However, the epidemiology of HBV and HEV in this ecosystem remains underexplored. This study examines the circulation of HBV and HEV at the human-wildlife interface and identifies risk factors within an isolated Amazonian indigenous community reliant on hunting for subsistence. Antibodies against HBV core antigens (HBcAbs) were found in three wildlife species: Cuniculus paca (0.8%), Tayassu pecari (1.6%), and Mazama americana (4.1%), marking the first record of HBV antibodies in free-ranging wildlife in the Amazon. However, further research is necessary to identify circulating strains and their relation to human HBV. HBcAbs were also detected in 9.1% of human samples, confirming exposure to HBV in the region. HEV IgG antibodies were present in 17.1% of humans and were associated with higher age. All wildlife and domestic animal samples tested negative for HEV, but transmission through consumption of wild animals and contaminated water needs further investigation. The identified risk factors highlight the urgent need for measures to promote safer food handling, improved sanitation, hygiene, and practices related to contact with wild animals

Aprendiendo y produciendo manos y mentes a la obra

Hablar de emprendimiento significa, entre otras consideraciones, tener en cuenta las aportaciones que hace a la comunidad como un factor determinante para el desarrollo económico, el cambio social y estructural, pero también es visto como una fuerza impulsora que estimula la adquisición de conocimiento, el cambio tecnológico, la competitividad y la innovación. Las diferentes perspectivas de análisis y el interés suscitado por el sujeto son particularmente relevantes en el período de la actual crisis económica internacional que involucra las estructuras productivas de muchos países industriales que están en riesgo de expansión en términos de crecimiento económico, cuyos efectos más evidentes pueden verse en los procesos de expulsión del mercado laboral de muchos trabajadores y en el creciente fenómeno de desánimo y renuncia a la participación en el trabajo, especialmente para las generaciones más jóvenes. La necesidad de repensar el desarrollo en un sentido "emprendedor" se convierte así en un requisito fuertemente sentido por las instituciones comprometidas con la necesidad de una combinación efectiva de políticas públicas e inversiones privadas (tanto en términos de ganancias como de organizaciones sin fines de lucro), capaz de relanzar una nueva "sociedad emprendedora". La falta de una cultura emprendedora es, no obstante, en opinión de los expertos, uno de los principales obstáculos para la creación de iniciativas emprendedoras e innovadoras en un país. Parece, por tanto, necesario implementar medidas para promover la creación de nuevas empresas, con el fin de desarrollar las nuevas oportunidades que ofrecen los cambios tecnológicos, de mercado y socioeconómicos y así tener éxito en reemplazar las empresas que dejan de ser eficientes y productivas. Por estas razones es importante estudiar el proceso emprendedor para contribuir al desarrollo de una cultura emprendedora que permita desarrollar aquellas habilidades y capacidades que puedan ser importantes para contrarrestar la turbulencia que caracteriza a nuestra sociedad.Talking about entrepreneurship means, among other considerations, taking into account the contributions it makes to the community as a determining factor for economic development, social and structural change, but it is also seen as a driving force that stimulates the acquisition of knowledge, technological change, competitiveness and innovation. The different perspectives of analysis and the interest aroused by the subject are particularly relevant in the period of the current international economic crisis that involves the productive structures of many industrial countries that are at risk of expansion in terms of economic growth, the most obvious effects of which may be be seen in the processes of expulsion from the labor market of many workers and in the growing phenomenon of discouragement and renouncement of participation in work, especially for the younger generations. The need to rethink development in an "entrepreneurial" sense thus becomes a requirement strongly felt by institutions committed to the need for an effective combination of public policies and private investments (both in terms of profit and non-profit organizations. ), capable of relaunching a new "entrepreneurial society". The lack of an entrepreneurial culture is, however, in the opinion of experts, one of the main obstacles to the creation of entrepreneurial and innovative initiatives in a country. It seems, therefore, necessary to implement measures to promote the creation of new companies, in order to develop the new opportunities offered by technological, market and socioeconomic changes and thus succeed in replacing companies that are no longer efficient and productive. For these reasons, it is important to study the entrepreneurial process to contribute to the development of an entrepreneurial culture that allows developing those skills and capacities that may be important to counteract the turbulence that characterizes our society

Phylogenetic congruence of Plasmodium spp. and wild ungulate hosts in the Peruvian Amazon

Malaria parasites are known to infect a variety of vertebrate hosts, including ungulates. However, ungulates of Amazonia have not been investigated. We report for the first time, the presence of parasite lineages closely related to Plasmodium odocoilei clade 1 and clade 2 in free-ranging South American red-brocket deer (Mazama americana; 44.4%, 4/9) and gray-brocket deer (Mazama nemorivaga; 50.0%, 1/2). We performed PCR-based analysis of blood samples from 47 ungulates of five different species collected during subsistence hunting by an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon. We detected Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum lineage in a sample from red-brocket deer. However, no parasite DNA was detected in collared peccary (Pecari tajacu; 0.0%, 0/10), white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari; 0.0%, 0/15), and tapir (Tapirus terrestris; 0.0%, 0/11). Concordant phylogenetic analyses suggested a possible co-evolutionary relationship between the Plasmodium lineages found in American deer and their hosts