Gymnopus eneficola-species nova from Newfoundland

In the course of a survey of dried collections of Gymnopus collected over some years in Newfoundland by AV and Foray Newfoundland & Labrador, a taxon was discovered which did not conform to other known eastern North American or European taxa of the genus. Occasional reports of taxa now placed in Gymnopus (formerly included in an expansive concept of Collybia) include those concerning Nova Scotia, summarized by Gourley, and Michigan, none of which, nor those of the even older publication by Coker and Beardslee circumscribed the proposed species from Newfoundland. In addition to morphological distinctions, DNA analysis also indicated that nuclear ribosomal LSU and ITS sequences from the new taxon did not match those deposited in GenBank or sequences in the Gymnopus files at TENN. The new taxon is proposed, illustrated and described below

Typification of Agaricus cespitosus, Ag. oniscus, and Ag. sphagnicola and their synonymy with Lichenomphalia umbellifera

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Typification of<i> Agaricus cespitosus</i>,<i> Ag. oniscus</i>, and<i> Ag. sphagnicola</i> and their synonymy with <i> Lichenomphalia umbellifera</i>

Protologue descriptions and original material of Agaricus cespitosus, Ag. oniscus, and Ag. sphagnicola were studied to determine the intended species concept for each. Agaricus cespitosus fits the second most common presentation of the current Lichenomphalia umbellifera and is placed in synonymy with it. Agaricus oniscus was created as a synonym of Ag. cespitosus, confirmed by its original material; therefore, it is also placed in synonymy with L. umbellifera, resolving problems noted with past attempts trying to apply the epithet to darker sphagnicolous species of Arrhenia. Careful analysis of the protologue for Ag. sphagnicola revealed a good fit with L. umbellifera but serious conflict if applied to species of sphagnicolous Arrhenia ; it was, therefore, also synonymized with L. umbellifera. Agaricus cespitosus and Ag. oniscus are lectotypified with illustrations from their original material, Ag. oniscus is epitypified with a modern sequenced collection from Sweden, and Ag. sphagnicola neotypified with a K collection made by Berkeley, both identified as L. umbellifera.</jats:p

Studies in the use of an element diet: with special reference to the prevention of stress ulcers in the pig; and its clinical value in patients

Ch. I: Nutritional needs of ill patients have resulted in elemental diets consisting of amino acids, essential fats, simple sugars, minerals, and vitamins. Elemental diet therapy in certain conditions is established whereas the full scope of their usefulness has not yet been determined. Ch. II: Medical advances account for an increase in stress ulcer; its cause is unknown. Subnuclear swelling, cell membrane rupture, and lifting of the cell is the common response of the epithelial cell to microcirculatory changes, and may he explained by epithelial cell polarity. Ch. III A: The porcine stomach resembles that of man and lends itself well to the study of stress ulcer. Ch. III B: Prefeeding elemental diet protects pigs against stress ulcer formation. Pyloric ligation has no effect. Ch. IV: Elemental diet has been used in 20 patients to treat trauma, fistulae, enteritides, short gut, pancreatitis, burns, and bowel preparation