Polarized Dirac fermions in de Sitter spacetime

The tetrad gauge invariant theory of the free Dirac field in two special moving charts of the de Sitter spacetime is investigated pointing out the operators that commute with the Dirac one. These are the generators of the symmetry transformations corresponding to isometries that give rise to conserved quantities according to the Noether theorem. With their help the plane wave spinor solutions of the Dirac equation with given momentum and helicity are derived and the final form of the quantum Dirac field is established. It is shown that the canonical quantization leads to a correct physical interpretation of the massive or massless fermion quantum fields.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX w AMS sym

Analysis of Transient Processes in a Radiophysical Flow System

Transient processes in a third-order radiophysical flow system are studied and a map of the transient process duration versus initial conditions is constructed and analyzed. The results are compared to the arrangement of submanifolds of the stable and unstable cycles in the Poincare section of the system studied.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure

МЕТОД ПОСТРОЕНИЯ АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ С ЧАСТНЫМИ ПРОИЗВОДНЫМИ И АЛГОРИТМ РЕШЕНИЯ УРАВНЕНИЙ ТРЕТЬЕГО ПОРЯДКА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО ВИДА

The article considers the problem of the exact analytical solutions finding nonlinear equations of mathematical physics to simulate dynamic systems and nonlinear physical processes. The algorithm of the generalized Fourier method of variables separation for building solutions of nonlinear equations is offered. These equations include linear parts and nonlinear quadratic differential forms consisting of the sum of products of function powers and derivatives. The offered algorithm generates a series of new solutions of third-order partial differential model equations with quadratic nonlinearity.Рассматривается проблема нахождения точных аналитических решений нелинейных уравнений математической физики для моделирования динамических систем и нелинейных физических процессов. Предлагается алгоритм применения обобщенного метода Фурье разделения переменных для построения решений уравнений с частными производными, содержащих линейную часть и нелинейную квадратичную дифференциальную форму, состоящую из суммы произведений степеней неизвестной функции и ее производных. На основе использования предложенного алгоритма строится ряд новых решений уравнения третьего порядка в частных производных с квадратичной нелинейностью

3D-Simulation of electromagnetic and temperature fields in the continuous induction heaters

The quasi-3-D model was developed for continuous induction heating of billets with arbitrary cross section. This computer model is intended for evaluation of electrical and thermal both stationary and non-stationary processes of stage and continuous working regime an induction heater with magnetic and non-magnetic loading with any of cross section shape. The combination of the most effective numerical methods for modeling induction heating process was used in this software: Finite Difference Method (FDM), Finite Element Method (FEM), Boundary Element Method (BEM), Integral Equation Method (IEM) and their combination

To the Discussion of the Firing Method of Common Bolgar Ceramics in the Pre-Mongol and Early Golden Periods (on the Basis of Excavation CXCII at Bolgar Fortified Settlement)

The firing method of common Bolgar ceramics remains an unsolved question. For a long time, the firing of common wheel pottery was only evaluated in subjective terms “bad” and “good”. In the framework of the study of a series of petrographic slice of common Bolgar ceramics from the Bolgar fortified settlement, results were obtained, which shed light on the upper limit of the firing temperatures. By comparing this data with construction details of Bolgar kilns built in the Pre-Mongol and Early Golden Horde periods, an assumption was made about the firing method of local wheel pottery in the 10th – early 14th cc

СВЕДЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УРАВНЕНИЙ МАКСВЕЛЛА К СИСТЕМЕ ОБЫКНОВЕННЫХ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ

The algebraic variables separation method, developed prior to Dirack’s relative equation, has been improved and generalized to the system of Maxwell equations in order to construct its accurate solutions.Алгебраический метод разделения переменных, разработанный ранее для релятивистского уравнения Дирака, улучшен и обобщен на случай системы уравнений Максвелла для построения ее точных решений

Structure-reactivity correlations in Vanadium containing catalysts for the one-pot glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid

[EN] The design of suitable catalysts for the one-pot conversion of glycerol into acrylic acid (AA) is a complex matter, as only fine-tuning of the redox and acid properties makes it possible to obtain significant yields of AA. However, fundamental understanding behind the catalytic phenomenon is still unclear. Structure-reactivity correlations are clearly behind these results, and acid sites are involved in the dehydration of glycerol into acrolein with vanadium as the main (or only) redox element. For the first time, we propose an in-depth study to shed light on the molecular-level relations behind the overall catalytic results shown by several types of V-containing catalysts. Different multifunctional catalysts were synthesized, characterized (>X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia), and tested in a flow reactor. Combining the obtained results with those acquired from an in situ FTIR spectroscopy study with acrolein (a reaction intermediate), it was possible to draw conclusions on the role played by the various physicochemical features of the different oxides in terms of the adsorption, surface reactions, and desorption of the reagents and reaction products.The Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica thanks the Spanish Government-MINECO projects (CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and SEV-2012-0267). CIRI Energia e Ambiente (University of Bologna) is acknowledged for a Ph.D. grant to A.C. Consorzio INSTM (Firenze) is acknowledged for a Ph.D. grant to C.B.Chieregato, A.; Bandinelli, C.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Soriano Rodríguez, MD.; Puzzo, F.; Basile, F.; Cavani, F.... (2017). Structure-reactivity correlations in Vanadium containing catalysts for the one-pot glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid. ChemSusChem. 10(1):234-244. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600954S234244101T. Ohara T. Sato N. Shimizu G. Prescher H. 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Applied Catalysis A: General, 376(1-2), 47-55. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2009.10.004Soriano, M. D., Chieregato, A., Zamora, S., Basile, F., Cavani, F., & López Nieto, J. M. (2015). Promoted Hexagonal Tungsten Bronzes as Selective Catalysts in the Aerobic Transformation of Alcohols: Glycerol and Methanol. Topics in Catalysis, 59(2-4), 178-185. doi:10.1007/s11244-015-0440-7García-González, E., Soriano, M. D., Urones-Garrote, E., & López Nieto, J. M. (2014). On the origin of the spontaneous formation of nanocavities in hexagonal bronzes (W,V)O3. Dalton Trans., 43(39), 14644-14652. doi:10.1039/c4dt01465kConcepción, P., Blasco, T., López Nieto, J. M., Vidal-Moya, A., & Martı́nez-Arias, A. (2004). Preparation, characterization and reactivity of V- and/or Co-containing AlPO-18 materials (VCoAPO-18) in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 67(2-3), 215-227. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2003.11.005Ross-Medgaarden, E. I., & Wachs, I. E. (2007). Structural Determination of Bulk and Surface Tungsten Oxides with UV−vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111(41), 15089-15099. doi:10.1021/jp074219cWachs, I. E., Deo, G., Weckhuysen, B. M., Andreini, A., Vuurman, M. A., Boer, M. de, & Amiridis, M. D. (1996). Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3over Supported Vanadia Catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 161(1), 211-221. doi:10.1006/jcat.1996.0179Argyle, M. D., Chen, K., Bell, A. T., & Iglesia, E. (2002). Effect of Catalyst Structure on Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane and Propane on Alumina-Supported Vanadia. Journal of Catalysis, 208(1), 139-149. doi:10.1006/jcat.2002.3570Grant, J. T., Carrero, C. A., Love, A. M., Verel, R., & Hermans, I. (2015). Enhanced Two-Dimensional Dispersion of Group V Metal Oxides on Silica. ACS Catalysis, 5(10), 5787-5793. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b01679Cavani, F., Luciani, S., Esposti, E. D., Cortelli, C., & Leanza, R. (2010). Surface Dynamics of A Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst forn-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride: An In Situ Raman and Reactivity Study of the Effect of the P/V Atomic Ratio. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(5), 1646-1655. doi:10.1002/chem.200902017Cavani, F., De Santi, D., Luciani, S., Löfberg, A., Bordes-Richard, E., Cortelli, C., & Leanza, R. (2010). Transient reactivity of vanadyl pyrophosphate, the catalyst for n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride, in response to in-situ treatments. Applied Catalysis A: General, 376(1-2), 66-75. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2009.10.037Caldarelli, A., Bañares, M. A., Cortelli, C., Luciani, S., & Cavani, F. (2014). An investigation on surface reactivity of Nb-doped vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts by reactivity experiments and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Catal. Sci. Technol., 4(2), 419-427. doi:10.1039/c3cy00705gConcepción, P., & López Nieto, J. . (2001). 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The Role of Bronsted and Lewis Acid Sites of Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Measured by Dimethylpyridine-temperature Programmed Desorption in the Selective Oxidation of Butane. Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 46(1), 62-68. doi:10.1627/jpi.46.62Yoda, E., & Ootawa, A. (2009). Dehydration of glycerol on H-MFI zeolite investigated by FT-IR. Applied Catalysis A: General, 360(1), 66-70. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2009.03.009Tichý, J. (1997). Oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid over vanadium-molybdenum oxide catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 157(1-2), 363-385. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(97)00025-2Andrushkevich, T. V., & Popova, G. Y. (1991). Mechanism of heterogeneous oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid. Russian Chemical Reviews, 60(9), 1023-1034. doi:10.1070/rc1991v060n09abeh001126López Nieto, J. M., Concepción, P., Dejoz, A., Knözinger, H., Melo, F., & Vázquez, M. I. (2000). Selective Oxidation of n-Butane and Butenes over Vanadium-Containing Catalysts. 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Параметры внутренней картины болезни и качества жизни у пациентов с системной красной волчанкой

Objective: to analyze the structural features of the internal picture of the disease (IPD in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its ratio with quality of life (QOL) as an indicator of adaptation to the disease.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 51 patients with SLE. Comparison groups included patients differing in the psychological parameter – the perception of the existing disease as a threat to life and health: Group 1 (n=17) regarded their disease as a moderate threat to life and well-being; Group 2 (n=34) considered it as a severe threat.Results and discussion. Comparative analysis of the cognitive level of IPD revealed statistically significant differences between the patients of Groups 1 and 2 in the following scales: «course of the disease» (p<0.001), «personal control» (p<0.001), «treatment control» (p<0.001), «understandability of the disease» (p<0.001), «emotional response to the disease» (p<0.005), and «overall level of disease threats» (p<0.001). It turned out that Group 1 patients better understood the features of the course and manifestation of the disease, were more confident in the efficiency and importance of the treatment prescribed, as well as in their own capabilities to improve their health status. Group 2 patients were more inclined to try to cope with the existing negative experiences, by avoiding the problem.Conclusion. IPD can be different in patients with SLE. The perception of illness as a severe threat negatively affects the efficiency of therapy, mental well-being, social activity, and ultimately QOL. The findings can be used to develop programs for psychological support of patients with rheumatic diseases, in particular those with SLE.Цель исследования – анализ структурных особенностей внутренней картины болезни (ВКБ) у пациентов с системной красной волчанкой (СКВ) и ее соотношения с параметрами качества жизни (КЖ) как показателя адаптации к заболеванию.Пациенты и методы. В исследование включен 51 пациент с СКВ. В группы сравнения вошли пациенты, отличающиеся по психологическому параметру – восприятию имеющегося заболевания как угрозы для жизни и здоровья: пациенты 1-й группы (n=17) относились к своему заболеванию как к умеренной угрозе жизни и благополучию, пациенты 2-й группы (n=34) – как к выраженной угрозе.Результаты и обсуждение. При сравнительном анализе когнитивного уровня ВКБ были обнаружены статистически значимые различия между пациентами 1-й и 2-й групп по шкалам: «Течение болезни» (р<0,001), «Личный контроль» (р<0,001), «Контроль лечения» (р<0,001), «Понятность болезни» (р<0,001), «Эмоциональная реакция на болезнь» (р<0,005), «Общий уровень угрозы болезни» (р<0,001). Оказалось, что пациенты 1-й группы лучше понимают особенности протекания и проявления болезни, более уверены в эффективности и важности назначенного лечения, а также в собственных возможностях улучшить свое состояние. Пациенты 2-й группы были более склонны к попыткам совладания с имеющимися негативными переживаниями путем уклонения от проблемы.Заключение. ВКБ у пациентов с СКВ может быть различной. Восприятие болезни как выраженной угрозы негативно влияет на эффективность терапии, психическое благополучие, социальную активность и в конечном счете на КЖ. Полученные результаты можно использовать при разработке программ психологического сопровождения пациентов с ревматическими заболеваниями, в частности с СКВ

Towards sustainable production of formic acid

peer-reviewedFormic acid is a widely used commodity chemical. It can be applied as a safe, easily handled and transported source of hydrogen or CO for different reactions including those producing fuels. The review includes historical aspects of formic acid production. It shortly analyzes the production based on traditional sources such as toxic CO, methanol and methane. However, the main emphasis is done to the sustainable production of formic acid from biomass and biomass-derived products via hydrolysis, wet and catalytic oxidation processes. New strategies of low temperature synthesis from biomass may lead to utilization of formic acid for production of fuel additives such as methanol, upgraded bio-oil, γ-valerolactone and its derivatives, as well as synthesis gas used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons. Some technological aspects are considered