Análise do uso de agrotóxicos em Assentamentos Rurais

O Projeto “Segurança alimentar no campo: redesenhos agroecológicos da produção em áreas de assentamentos e de remanescentes de quilombos” (Processo CNPq 559493/2010-0) está focado na questão da segurança alimentar, um direito garantido por lei no Brasil. A compreensão do papel que o uso de agrotóxicos possui no manejo agrícola de comunidades rurais está diretamente relacionada à proposição de um redesenho agroecológico da produção, uma vez que a substituição dos métodos convencionais de combate a pragas e doenças deverá ser um dos pilares do novo modelo de manejo, o qual deverá prezar pela saúde do trabalhador e do meio ambiente. A grande mobilização da sociedade civil organizada e dos movimentos sociais para que sejam reavaliados o uso seguro de diversos agroquímicos e o título de maior consumidor mundial de agrotóxicos, conquistado pelo Brasil desde 2009, mostram a necessidade de se estudar diferentes contextos da utilização dessa tecnologia para que se consiga superá-la. Realizou-se um estudo sobre o uso de agrotóxicos em assentamentos da reforma agrária com a finalidade de compreender o contexto de sua utilização observando os motivos, características e consequências desse uso. Objetivou-se gerar conhecimentos para proposição de resedenhos tecnológicos de agroecossistemas compatíveis com os princípios da agroecologia e das tecnologias sociais, visando a segurança alimentar e nutricional de populações rurais assentadas. Para atingir esses objetivos foram analisadas as respostas das questões relacionadas ao uso de agrotóxicos coletadas nos levantamentos de campo realizados nos assentamentos Araras I, II, III e IV localizados no município de Araras, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e feitas associações entre as respostas obtidas e a escolaridade e gênero do chefe da família, tipos de lavouras cultivadas, uso de EPI (Equipamentos de Proteção Individual), percepção das produtividades e rentabilidades agrícolas e intoxicação humana pelo uso de agrotóxicos

Long-term outcomes of transobturator tapes in women with stress urinary incontinence : E-TOT randomised controlled trial

FUNDING/SUPPORT AND ROLE OF THE SPONSOR: The initial phase of this study (up-to 3 years follow-up) was funded by a grant from the Henry Smith Charity (Address: 6th Floor, 65 Leadenhall Street,London EC3A2AD). Registered Charity Number – 230102. D. Karmakar was funded by IUGA Clinical Fellowship Grant 2014.Peer reviewedPostprin

WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 promotes metastasis of human ovarian cancer by regulation of metastasis-associated genes.

BACKGROUND: WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2) shows a tumor-restricted upregulated pattern of expression in ovarian cancer. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the role of WFCD2 in tumor mobility, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer in clinical tissue and in ovarian cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Our results revealed WFCD2 was overexpressed in ovarian tissues, and the expression level of WFCD2 was associated with metastasis and lymph node metastasis. Higher expression of WFCD2 was also observed in aggressive HO8910-PM cells than in HO8910 cells, and WFCD2 knockdown halted cell migration, invasion, tumorigenicity and metastasis in ovarian cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of WFDC2 induced the down-regulation of ICAM-1, CD44, and MMP2. CONCLUSION: In summary, our work demonstrates that WFCD2 promotes metastasis in ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that WFCD2 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis and may constitute a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer

Psychological consequences in victims of maritime piracy: the Italian experience

Background and aim: Maritime piracy is a worrying phenomenon. Its recurrence in the last few years iscausing several problems to the safety of maritime routes. In spite of the number of seafarers kidnappedand maintained in captivity, psychological/mental disorders developed in victims of these criminal actshave not been investigated. This study has assessed psychological consequences of kidnapping in a groupof Italian seafarers held in captivity from 7 to 10 months.Materials and methods: Four Italian seafarers were examined at the 5th month after release. An initial, semi-structured interview was followed by 2 structured clinical evaluations for assessing the possible presence of psychopathological disorders. Instruments used were the Cognitive Behavioural Assessment (CBA 2.0) and the Clinician-Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale (CAPS-DX).Results: All victims showed high scores of state anxiety (56.00 ± 3.36) and social adjustment disorder (12.75 ± 2.21) to CBA 2.0. Moreover, 3 of them revealed traits of anxiety (58.75 ± 8.50) and emotionalinstability (8.25 ± 2.50). Two of them had somatic disorders (63.25 ± 15.94), depression (17.25 ± 4.78) and phobic problems (91.00 ± 7.02). In 3 of 4 victims examined, a PTSD diagnosis was made. Symptomsof recall resulted in higher CAPS-DX (13.00 ± 4.05) scores.Conclusions: Traumatic experiences such as being kept in captivity by pirates could entail relevant psychopathological disorders in victims and their families. Quality care interventions, aimed to develop paradigms for resilience training, represent a priority. An international partnerships and collaboration between institutions, clinicians and seafarer organisations can be useful to evaluate psychological conditions of these workers

Psychological distress in families of victims of maritime piracy — the Italian experience

Background: This work has investigated the psychological status of family members of kidnapped seafarers, 5 months after their release.Aim: The goal of this study was to assess if relatives of victims of maritime piracy showed signs of psychological distress, to diagnose eventual pathologies and to measure their severity.Materials and methods: Twelve family members (8 females and 4 males) of 4 kidnapped seafarers were examined. They were first interviewed by a semi-structured approach and then examined using the self-report questionnaire State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).Results: Five months after the relatives had been released, 42% of the family members of kidnapped seafarers obtained pathological scores in the STAI-Y questionnaire, and 33% showed depression according to the HDRS.Conclusions: Family members of kidnapped seafarers show significant psychopathological symptoms 5 months after relatives have been released. Symptoms may be severe enough to interfere with daily life in about one half of them. Kidnapping is a changing life experience and both victims and relatives require attention and support

Some Things Are Just Better Left as Secrets: Non-Transparency and Prosecutorial Decision Making in the Era of Neoliberal Punitivism

This paper focuses on prosecutorial decision-making during the late-20th and early 21st century era of punitive American criminal justice. Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 former prosecutors who worked in two large and diverse states to determine how they made their decisions regarding charging and plea bargaining. This study investigates how prosecutors consider legal and extra-legal factors when making decisions. The results suggest that prosecutors considered legal factors such as evidence/provability and elements of the crime, the defendant’s criminal history, and witness credibility and/or victim credibility, but also extra-legal factors such as, victim’s request, law enforcement priorities, relations with defense counsel, high profile cases, and community influence. All of these decisions were made during and reflect the punitive era of criminal justice in the USA

Dynamic triple modular redundancy in interleaved hardware threads: an alternative solution to lockstep multi-cores for fault-tolerant systems

Over the years, significant work has been done on high-integrity systems, such as those found in cars, satellites and aircrafts, to minimize the risk that a logic fault causes a system failure, thus having functional safety as a key requirement. In this study, we employ an innovative approach to harness the benefits of both Dual Modular Redundancy and Triple Modular Redundancy techniques within an Interleaved-Multi-Threading microprocessor core, by means of a microarchitecture design capable of dynamically switching from Dual Modular Redundancy to Triple Modular Redundancy in case of faults. We explain the quantitative results obtained from an extensive fault injection simulation campaign on the fault tolerant core compared with its previous version regarding fault tolerant capabilities. The results show that in several application cases the fault resilience improvement and the hardware and timing overhead are better compared to the lockstep-based dual core approach. The proposed technique achieves 98,6% fault mitigation at the expense of only 4 clock cycles for roll-back overhead, with no checkpointing redundancy

A denunciação da lide nas ações de responsabilidade civil do estado

Este trabalho consiste em demonstrar a celeuma que existe quando o Estado, sofrendo uma ação em que sua responsabilidade civil é cobrada, decide por denunciar a lide ao funcionário causador do dano. Discorre-se, inicialmente, sobre a teoria geral da responsabilidade civil, apontando as principais características e apresentando as classificações feitas pelos doutrinadores. Após, é feita uma explanação sobre a evolução da responsabilidade civil do Estado, oportunidade em que se explica que a responsabilização estatal passou por três períodos: da irresponsabilidade (que coincide com os governos absolutos); da responsabilidade subjetiva (com adoção da teoria civilista da culpa); e da responsabilidade objetiva, doutrina que é adotada pelos estados modernos. No capítulo seguinte é feito o estudo sobre a denunciação da lide, tecendo-se breves considerações sobre o processo, as partes e a intervenção de terceiros. É delineado o conceito e são estudadas as hipóteses de cabimento dessa forma de intervenção. São estudadas as interpretações feitas pela doutrina e são apresentadas decisões judiciais sobre o tema. Discorre-se, em capítulo apartado, sobre a oferta da denunciação da lide pelo Estado quando este sofre ação de responsabilidade civil. São apresentadas as correntes doutrinárias e a jurisprudência sobre o tema, filiando-se o presente trabalho naquela que entende serem dois os possíveis cenários: quando a ação de indenização se basear na responsabilidade objetiva do Estado, não será possível a denunciação da lide ao funcionário, na medida em que se introduz fundamento jurídico novo (responsabilidade subjetiva), não constante da ação principal, causando tumulto no processo e procrastinando a decisão judicial; por outro lado, quando a ação proposta contra o Estado se fundar em responsabilidade subjetiva, nada impedirá a denunciação da lide, pois a intervenção de terceiros em nada prejudicará o autor da ação, que já teria que provar o elemento subjetivo na demanda principa

Design, implementation and evaluation of a new variable latency integer division scheme

Integer division is key for various applications and often represents the performance bottleneck due to its inherent mathematical properties that limit its parallelization. This paper presents a new data-dependent variable latency division algorithm derived from the classic non-performing restoring method. The proposed technique exploits the relationship between the number of leading zeros in the divisor and in the partial remainder to dynamically detect and skip those iterations that result in a simple left shift. While a similar principle has been exploited in previous works, the proposed approach outperforms existing variable latency divider schemes in average latency and power consumption. We detail the algorithm and its implementation in four variants, offering versatility for the specific application requirements. For each variant, we report the average latency evaluated with different benchmarks, and we analyze the synthesis results for both FPGA and ASIC deployment, reporting clock speed, average execution time, hardware resources, and energy consumption, compared with existing fixed and variable latency dividers