Mini-symposium on the future of history of economics: young scholars' perspective [Introduction]

International audienceThis symposium invited early-career scholrs to discuss the state of history of economics as a field and to propose possible directions for future research. Co-organized by Paola Tubaro and Erik Angner, this symposium took place at the Annual Meeting of the European Society for the History of Economic Thought (ESHET) in Porto, Portugal, on April 29, 2006. Three of the papers presented on that occasion were subsequently published in a special section of the Journal of the History of Economic Thought

Well-being and philosophy of science

This article is a mutual introduction of the science of well-being to philosophy of science and an explanation of how the two disciplines can benefit each other. In the process I argue that the science of well-being is not helpfully viewed as a social or a natural, but rather as a mixed, science. Hence its methodology will have to attend to its specific features. I discuss two of its methodological problems: justifying the role of values, and validating measures. I suggest that tackling them calls for developing mid-level rather than high theories of well-being.This is the author's accepted manuscript and will be under embargo until 24 months after the date of publication. The final version is available from Wiley at onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phc3.12203/abstrac

Skateboard urbanism

Skateboarding is a practice that happens both in dedicated skateparks and in the public places of the city; two very different types of environments. While skateboarding in skateparks rarely poses problems due to their purpose-designed nature, skateboarding in the shared spaces of the city has not generally been encouraged and is often designed against. However, recent trends in planning for skateboard infrastructure show that many cities are now recognizing skateboarders as a positive part of urban life and seek to integrate skateboarding into urban public space. This trend of integrating skateboarding into the city has been called “Skateboard urbanism”. The aim of this thesis is to provide deeper understanding of how skateboarding can be integrated into urban public space by planning and design. Further it aims to provide insight into important characteristics of popular urban skate spots and what added values theses spaces can generate. To succeed in this, qualitative methodologies such as interviews, literature studies, site observations and case studies have been used to provide insight into different aspects of the topic. The results in this thesis mainly represent the skaters perspective on the matter, which should be kept in mind when reading. The first chapter, “Skateboarding”, investigates skateboarding as a wide concept. Chapter two, "Skateboarding & the city", describes how skateboarders interact with the city and how this differs from skateboarding in dedicated skateparks. In chapter three, “Integrated designs”, important characteristics of urban “skate spots” are outlined and practical examples of these places are analysed. The fourth chapter, “Added value”, describes what added values public places with an integrated skate-function can generate. Chapter five, “Skate-friendly cities”, provides insight into how cities work with integrating skateboarding into the public spaces of the city. The outcome of the research in the first five chapters was presented in a sixth and final chapter, “Planning suggestions”. Here my reflections and ideas based on the results outlines aspects and tips for city staffers and landscape architects to consider when planning and designing for integrating skateboarding in the public spaces of the city.Skateboardåkning är idag en aktivitet som sker både i syftesspecifika skateparker och på stadens offentliga platser, varvid det sistnämnda inte alltid har blivit uppmuntrat och uppskattat. Faktum är att skateboardåkning i staden ofta motarbetats med negativ design genom så kallade “skate stoppers” och andra typer av förbud. Detta är dock något som håller på att ändras, allt fler städer såsom Malmö, Köpenhamn och Melbourne arbetar nu aktivt för att integrera skateboardåkning i stadens offentliga rum (såsom torg) och ser skateboardåkare som en positiv del av stadslivet. Denna trend har kallats för “Skateboard urbanism”. Huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete är att få en fördjupad inblick i hur skateboardåkning kan integreras in i stadens offentliga platser genom planering och design. Vidare är syftet att få insikt i vad som karaktäriserar platser i staden som blivit populära för skateboardåkare (så kallade skate spots), samt att undersöka vilka mervärden dessa platser kan generera. För att lyckas i denna uppgift har kvalitativa metoder, såsom intervjuer, litteraturstudier, platsobservationer och fallstudier tillämpats för att få insikt i olika delar av ämnet. Resultat från intervjuer och litteraturstudier bygger främst på personer med bakgrund inom skateboardkulturen. Detta innebär att resultaten främst resprestenterar skateboardåkarens perspektiv, något som är viktigt att ha med sig under läsningen. Arbetets första kapitel, “Skateboard”, undersöker skateboardåkning som ett bredare koncept. Kapitel två, “Skateboard & staden”, går vidare med att beskriva hur skateboardåkare använder staden och hur åkning i stadsmiljö skiljer sig från skateboardåkning i skateparker. Det tredje kapitlet, “Integrerade designs”, undersöker vilka som är de viktigaste karaktärerna ett så kallat skatespot bör ha och ger praktiska exempel på hur tre populära skatespots i Europa ser ut. Här ges också exempel på hur syftesspecifika skateparker integrerats i staden och fått fler funktioner. Det fjärde kapitlet, “Mervärde”, beskriver vilka mervärden offentliga platser med integrerad skate-funktion kan generera för en stad och dess invånare. Kapitel 5, “Skate-vänliga städer”, ger inblick i hur städer aktivt arbetar med att integrera skateboardåkning i stadens offentliga platser. Resultaten från de fem första kapitlen mynnar sedan ut i ett sjätte kapitel, “Planeringsförslag”. Här blir mina reflektioner och idéer, baserade på resultaten, till planerings- och designförslag på vad landskapsarkitekter och andra planerare bör tänka på när det kommer till att designa och planera för skateboardåkning i staden och på dess offentliga platser

Dual careers, time-use and satisfaction levels: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey

This paper empirically examines time-use and its impact on satisfaction levels among dual career households in a post-industrial economy, the UK. Analysis explores the 1993-2009 British Household Panel Survey using panel probit regression. The evidence reveals distinctions in time-use relative to gender, occupations, and employment sector. Long hours persist among managers and professionals. The uneven division of household labour, further, continues to burden women with extensive amounts of housework and care. Satisfaction with working hours and amount/use of leisure time are lower among women, especially public sector professionals. Provision of care, occupation, and partner employment characteristics represent important satisfaction determinants present among women, while income (including partner’s income) only has relevance among men. Housework does not itself generate dissatisfaction. It is the overload of household tasks, due to inequality in the household division of labour, which constrains many highly skilled working women reducing satisfaction with time-use and life overall

Contain

I den gestaltande landskapsarkitektens yrkesliv är arkitekturtävlingar praxis, eftersom det anses vara ett effektivt sätt att få fram alternativa och högkvalitativa förslag i ett projekt. Som ett komplement till den ordinarie utbildningen på landskapsarkitekturprogrammet är deltagande i arkitekturtävlingar ett sätt att förbereda sig för det kommande arbetslivet. Genom tävlingen Re-design the cityscape from the forest to the seafront: Tritis Septemvriou Street, Thessaloniki, Greece, finns en möjlighet att kombinera kandidatuppsatsen och deltagande i en arkitekturtävling. Tävlingen berör hanteringen av stadsmiljöer med undermåliga allmänna platser, kopplat till modernismens genomslag. Syftet med kandidatarbetet är att övergripande gestalta Tritis Septemvriou Street i Thessaloniki med utgångspunkt i tävlingsprogrammet. Programmet har tre huvudprogrampunkter och vår frågeställning formulerades utifrån dem. Frågan lyder: Hur kan Tritis Septemvriou Street i Thessaloniki gestaltas med fokus på Environmental Awareness, Landscape Architectural Quality och Quality of Urban Living? I uppsatsen presenteras en övergripande gestaltning med förslag till lösning på den problematik som präglar Tritis Septemvriou Street. Förslaget är samtidigt ett sätt för oss att prova den arbetsform som tävlingar utgör. Tävlingens ramar och villkor präglade i hög grad arbetsprocessen och resultatet. Tävlingen omfattar stadsmiljön längs Tritis Septemvriou Street, som lider av dåligt fungerande utemiljöer och en ohållbar trafiksituation. En återkoppling mellan stadselement och naturområden är arrangörernas önskemål. Tävlingsområdets yta är omfattande och nivån för gestaltningen är således stadsplaneringsnivå snarare än småskalig gestaltningsnivå. Vårt mål var att gestalta denna plats på ett konkurrenskraftigt sätt, inom ramen för tävlingsprogrammet. För att lyckas med detta hämtades inspiration från tre projekt med liknande förutsättningar. Studierna av dessa projekt, i kombination med analyserna av tävlingsområdet, mynnade ut i förslaget CONTAIN. Grundidén bakom CONTAIN är att tillvarata Thessalonikis identitet som hamnstad, samtidigt som området omformas till ett parkstråk med sammanhållen karaktär, stor variation i funktion och mycket aktivitet. Praktiskt och estetiskt realiseras detta genom att tomma fraktcontainrar skapar en stomme för aktiviteter och lokala uttryck. Förslaget är uppdelat i fem delområden som alla har sin unika karaktär där den nuvarande användningen identifieras och utvecklas. Detta skapar variationen i förslaget. Helheten skapas genom att delområdena binds ihop av fraktcontainrarna, som är ett stående inslag längs hela parken.Architecture competitions are essential and commonly accepted ingredients in working life of site designing landscape architects, regarded as an efficient way to achieve alternative high-quality design solutions in projects. As a complement to education within the Landscape Architect Programme, participation in architectural competitions is a way to prepare for future working life. Combining a bachelor’s thesis and participation in the competition Re-design the cityscape from the forest to the seafront: Tritis Septemvriou Street, Thessaloniki, Greece is the framework of the report before us. The competition raises the issue on managing urban districts with poor public spaces, linked to the impact of modernistic city building ideas. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to produce a conceptual design proposal for Tritis Septemvriou Street in Thessaloniki, based on the competition programme. The programme has three main programme points from which our research question was formulated. The question is: How can Tritis Septemvriou Street in Thessaloniki be designed with focus on Environmental Awareness, Landscape Architectural Quality and Quality of Urban Living? Our work presents a proposal, suggesting how the issues regarding the public space along Tritis Septemvriou Street can be managed. The proposal is also a way for us to experience competitions as a way of working. The framework and conditions of the competition influenced the working process and results to a large extent. The competition deals with the urban areas along Tritis Septemvriou Street which is suffering from poor public spaces and an unsustainable traffic situation. The target announced by the competition organizers is to reestablish a connection between urban elements and natural areas. The site of the competition area is vast and the level of detail is therefor at a scale of urban planning rather than a small-scale design level. Our ambition was to design this site in a competitive manner, within the terms of the competition. To succeed in this, we drew inspiration from three other projects with similar conditions. The studies made on these projects, along with an analysis of the competition, led on to the design proposal CONTAIN. The basic ideas behind CONTAIN is to utilize the port town identity of Thessaloniki and to reshape the area into a series of parks with a coherent character and a great variety in functions and activities. Practically and aesthetically this is established by using empty freight containers to create a framework for activities and local expressions. The proposal is divided into five areas, according to their existing unique charachters, where current use is identified and developed. This creates a variation in the design proposal. The frequent use of shipping containers emphasises the design as an entity, linking the different areas together through an easily recognizable symbol along the whole park

Проблема ада как компонент проблемы зла в христианской религиозно-философской парадигме

Целью данной работы выступает религиоведческое исследование темы получившей название проблема ада в ее философско-теологическом измерении. Соответственно цели автор ставит перед собой такие задания как: проследить становление традиционной концепции ада, выявить богословские и философские предпосылки формирования данного учения, провести религиоведческий и философский анализ альтернативных учений относительно загробного воздаяния

Review of The Oxford Handbook of Happiness

The Oxford Handbook of Happiness is the most comprehensive single volume on the subject of happiness. This long-anticipated landmark collection, along with the similarly ambitious Encyclopedia of Quality of Life Research (A. Michalos, ed. 2013, Springer) shows happiness scholarship coming of age and spreading outward into new themes and disciplines as well as forward into policy and practice. The book takes a broad definition of happiness and its contents span positive psychology and interdisciplinary (but psychology-focused) happiness studies. On the whole, the handbook is a remarkable achievement in that it covers most of the basic contemporary knowledge about happiness as well as giving glimpses of more advanced and specific findings

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Psychometrics versus Representational Theory of Measurement

Erik Angner has argued that simultaneous endorsement of the representational theory of measurement (RTM) and psychometrics leads to inconsistency. His claim rests on an implicit assumption: RTM and psychometrics are full-fledged approaches to measurement. I argue that RTM and psychometrics are only partial approaches that deal with different aspects of measurement, and that therefore simultaneous endorsement of the two is not inconsistent. The argument has implications for the improvement of measurement practices. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: gratefully acknowledges research funding from the following institutions: Cambridge AHRC (Arts and Humanities Research Council) Doctoral Training Partnership; the British Society for the Philosophy of Science; Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust; and Newnham College