Evaluation Framework for Water Quality Trading Programs in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

Water quality trading programs are being proposed and implemented across the US in a variety of forms and with differing objectives. The programs being proposed and implemented in the Chesapeake Bay region are no exception. Against this background the Chesapeake Bay Program's Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee and the Mid-Atlantic Water Program requested a general framework to inform and guide the evaluation of the performance trading programs. This resulting report was developed by a workgroup comprised of ten individuals with extensive experience in the study, design, and evaluation of trading programs. While the impetus for this report was to improve evaluation of trading programs in the Chesapeake Bay region, the evaluation framework is broad enough to apply to trading programs in general

Disrupted network architecture of the resting brain in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Background Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders of childhood. Neuroimaging investigations of ADHD have traditionally sought to detect localized abnormalities in discrete brain regions. Recent years, however, have seen the emergence of complementary lines of investigation into distributed connectivity disturbances in ADHD. Current models emphasize abnormal relationships between default network—involved in internally directed mentation and lapses of attention—and task positive networks, especially ventral attention network. However, studies that comprehensively investigate interrelationships between large‐scale networks in ADHD remain relatively rare. Methods Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 757 participants at seven sites in the ADHD‐200 multisite sample. Functional connectomes were generated for each subject, and interrelationships between seven large‐scale brain networks were examined with network contingency analysis. Results ADHD brains exhibited altered resting state connectivity between default network and ventral attention network [ P  < 0.0001, false discovery rate (FDR)‐corrected], including prominent increased connectivity (more specifically, diminished anticorrelation) between posterior cingulate cortex in default network and right anterior insula and supplementary motor area in ventral attention network. There was distributed hypoconnectivity within default network ( P  = 0.009, FDR‐corrected), and this network also exhibited significant alterations in its interconnections with several other large‐scale networks. Additionally, there was pronounced right lateralization of aberrant default network connections. Conclusions Consistent with existing theoretical models, these results provide evidence that default network‐ventral attention network interconnections are a key locus of dysfunction in ADHD. Moreover, these findings contribute to growing evidence that distributed dysconnectivity within and between large‐scale networks is present in ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4693–4705, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107992/1/hbm22504.pd

Test‐retest reliability of amygdala response to emotional faces

In the current study, we evaluated the test‐retest reliability of amygdala response using an emotional face‐matching task that has been widely used to examine pathophysiology and treatment mechanisms in psychiatric populations. Activation within the fusiform face area ( FFA ) was also examined. Twenty‐seven healthy volunteers completed a variation of the face‐matching paradigm developed by Hariri et al. (2000) at two time points approximately 90 days apart. Estimates of test‐retest reliability of amygdala response to fearful faces were moderate, whereas angry and happy faces showed poor reliability. Test‐retest reliability of the FFA was moderate to strong, regardless of facial affect. Collectively, these findings indicate that the reliability of the BOLD MR signal in the amygdala varies substantially by facial affect. Efforts to improve measurement precision, enlarge sample sizes, or increase the number of assessment occasions seem warranted.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100342/1/psyp12129.pd

Ariel - Volume 10 Number 1

Executive Editors Madalyn Schaefgen David Reich Business Manager David Reich News Editors Medical College Edward Zurad CAHS John Guardiani World Mark Zwanger Features Editors Meg Trexler Jim O\u27Brien Editorials Editor Jeffrey Banyas Photography and Sports Editor Stuart Singer Commons Editor Brenda Peterso

Altered Activation Of The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex In The Context Of Emotional Face Distractors In Children And Adolescents With Anxiety Disorders

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109274/1/da22289.pd

Ariel - Volume 9 Number 4

Executive Editor Emily Wofford Business Manager Fredric Jay Matlin University News John Patrick Welch World News George Robert Coar Editorials Editor Steve Levine Features Mark Rubin Brad Feldstein Sports Editor EIi Saleeby Circulation Victor Onufreiczuk Lee Wugofski Graphics and Art Steve Hulkower Commons Editor Brenda Peterso