Epidemiologia das lesões em bailarinas de dança clássica: método de Pilates como técnica terapêutica e/ou preventiva - uma revisão da literatura

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjetivo: Caracterizar as lesões mais comuns no ballet clássico, conhecer a sua etiologia, e constatar os efeitos da realização do método de Pilates na prevenção e recuperação de lesões. Metodologia: Pesquisa computorizada na base de dados PubMed, e Europe Pub Med Central e o motor de busca B-on, para identificar estudos relativos à epidemiologia das lesões no ballet clássico e prevenção / tratamento com o Método de Pilates. Foram igualmente incluídos estudos referenciados por outros artigos. Resultados: Um total de 12 estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão. Nove estudos sobre a epidemiologia de lesões, com um número interveniente de 1740 bailarinos de dança clássica de ambos os géneros, 836 do sexo feminino e 646 do sexo masculino, de diversos países, com uma média de idades de 20,12 ± 5,26. A região anatómica mais comumente atingida foi o pé (variando de 8% a 73,30%), seguida pelo tornozelo (de 13% a 56,6%), enquanto o tipo de lesão mais frequente foram as contusões (de 13,6 a 69,8%) e entorses ligamentares (61,0%). O cansaço físico e fadiga (50%), os palcos e solos impróprios (43.9%), assim como o par de dança (36.2%) foram referidos como sendo as causas mais frequentes relacionada com a dança. Três estudos abordaram a efetividade do método de Pilates na dança, com 65 participantes, concluindo que este método é eficaz no aumento de força, estabilidade e flexibilidade nos bailarinos. Conclusão: O perfil lesivo dos bailarinos não é consensual, e, apesar dos efeitos benéficos encontrados no método de Pilates, são necessários mais estudos epidemiológicos para estimar com maior precisão a incidência lesiva, determinar a severidade das lesões e identificar fatores de risco, e, assim, saber com atuar na prevenção, aplicando programas de exercícios que minimizem o aparecimento de lesões, tais como o método de Pilates.Objectives: To characterize the most common injuries in classical ballet, know their etiology, and observe the effects of performing Pilates method in the prevention and rehabilitation of injuries. Methods: Computerized research using PubMed database, Europe Pub Med Central and B-on's search engine, in order to identify studies on the epidemiology of injuries in classical ballet and prevention / treatment with the Pilates Method. Studies referenced by other articles were also included. Results: A total of 12 studies were included in this review. Nine studies on the epidemiology of injuries, with an intervening number of 1740 classical ballet dancers of both genders, 836 female and 646 male, from different countries, with an average age of 20,12 ± 5,26. The anatomic region was most commonly affected was the foot (ranging from 8% to 73.30%), followed by the ankle (13% to 56.6%), while the most common type of injury were contusions (13% to 69.8%) and ligament sprains (61.0%). Physical tiredness and fatigue (50%), improper stages and soils (43.9%), as well as ballet shoes (36.2%) were reported to be the most common injury causes related to dance. Three studies have addressed the effectiveness of Pilates method in dance, with 65 participants, concluding that this method is effective in increasing strength, stability and flexibility in dancers. Conclusion: The injury profile of dancers is not consensual, and, despite the beneficial effects found in Pilates method, more epidemiological studies are needed to estimate with greater accuracy the damage incidence, determine the severity of injuries and to identify risk factors, and, thus know how to act in the prevention by applying exercises programs that minimize the appearance of lesions, such as the Pilates method

The surgical point of view about persistent air leaks: prevention first

No abstract availabl

Punk Whiz 9

Yet another misdefinition pun quiz. Numbers in parentheses are the letters in the answer; (4|4) is a charade, an eight letter word that splits into a four plus four letter pun

Shock waves in superconducting cosmic strings: growth of current

Intrinsic equations of motion of superconducting cosmic string may admit solutions in the shock-wave form that implies discontinuity of the current term \chi. The hypersurface of discontinuity propagates at finite velocity determined by finite increment \Delta \chi =\chi_+ -\chi_-. The current increases \chi_+>\chi_- in stable shocks but transition between spacelike (\chi >0) and timelike (\chi<0) currents is impossible.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Generalised relativistic Ohm's laws, extended gauge transformations and magnetic linking

Generalisations of the relativistic ideal Ohm's law are presented that include specific dynamical features of the current carrying particles in a plasma. Cases of interest for space and laboratory plasmas are identified where these generalisations allow for the definition of generalised electromagnetic fields that transform under a Lorentz boost in the same way as the real electromagnetic fields and that obey the same set of homogeneous Maxwell's equations

Habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic factors affect wildcat Felis silvestris silvestris occupancy and detectability on Mt Etna

Knowledge of patterns of occupancy is crucial for planning sound biological management and for identifying areas which require paramount conservation attention. The European wildcat Felis silvestris is an elusive carnivore and is classified as ‘least concern’ on the IUCN red list, but with a decreasing population trend in some areas. Sicily hosts a peculiar wildcat population, which deserves conservation and management actions, due to its isolation from the mainland. Patterns of occupancy for wildcats are unknown in Italy, and especially in Sicily. We aimed to identify which ecological drivers determined wildcat occurrence on Mt Etna and to provide conservation actions to promote the wildcats’ long-term survival in this peculiar environment. The genetic identity of the wildcat population was confirmed through a scat-collection which detected 22 different wildcat individuals. We analysed wildcat detections collected by 91 cameras using an occupancy frame work to assess which covariates influenced the detection (p) and the occupancy (ψ) estimates. We recorded 70 detections of the target species from 38 cameras within 3377 trap-days. Wildcat detection was positively influenced by the distance to the major paved roads and negatively affected by the presence of humans. Wildcat occupancy was positively associated with mixed forest and negatively influenced by pine forest, fragmentation of mixed forest and altitude. A spatially explicit predicted occupancy map, validated using an independent dataset of wildcat presence records, showed that higher occupancy estimates were scattered, mainly located on the north face and at lower altitude. Habitat fragmentation has been claimed as a significant threat for the wildcat and this is the first study that has ascertained this as a limiting factor for wildcat occurrence. Conservation actions should promote interconnectivity between areas with high predicted wildcat occupancy while minimising the loss of habitat

New Measure of the Dissipation Region in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

A new measure to identify a small-scale dissipation region in collisionless magnetic reconnection is proposed. The energy transfer from the electromagnetic field to plasmas in the electron's rest frame is formulated as a Lorentz-invariant scalar quantity. The measure is tested by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in typical configurations: symmetric and asymmetric reconnection, with and without the guide field. The innermost region surrounding the reconnection site is accurately located in all cases. We further discuss implications for nonideal MHD dissipation

Vector modes generated by primordial density fluctuations

While vector modes are usually ignored in cosmology since they are not produced during inflation they are inevitably produced from the interaction of density fluctuations of differing wavelengths. This effect may be calculated via a second-order perturbative expansion. We investigate this effect during the radiation era. We discuss the generation mechanism by investigating two scalar modes interacting, and we calculate the power of vector modes generated by a power-law spectrum of density perturbations on all scales.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, minor changes in main text and new appendix added to match the accepted version for Physical Review D publicatio