Benford's distribution in extrasolar world: Do the exoplanets follow Benford's distribution?

In many real life situations, it is observed that the first digits (i.e., $1,2,\ldots,9$) of a numerical data-set, which is expressed using decimal system, do not follow a random distribution. Instead, smaller numbers are favoured by nature in accordance with a logarithmic distribution law, which is referred to as Benford's law. The existence and applicability of this empirical law have been extensively studied by physicists, accountants, computer scientists, mathematicians, statisticians, etc., and it has been observed that a large number of data-sets related to diverse problems follow this distribution. However, applicability of Benford's law has been hardly tested for extrasolar objects. Motivated by this fact, this paper investigates the existence of Benford's distribution in the extrasolar world using Kepler data for exoplanets. The investigation has revealed the presence of Benford's distribution in various physical properties of these exoplanets. Further, Benford goodness parameters are computed to provide a quantitative measure of coincidence of real data with the ideal values obtained from Benford's distribution. The quantitative analysis and the plots have revealed that several physical parameters associated with the exoplanets (e.g., mass, volume, density, orbital semi-major axis, orbital period, and radial velocity) nicely follow Benford's distribution, whereas some physical parameters (e.g., total proper motion, stellar age and stellar distance) moderately follow the distribution, and some others (e.g., longitude, radius, and effective temperature) do not follow Benford's distribution. Further, some specific comments have been made on the possible generalizations of the obtained result, its potential applications in analyzing data-set of candidate exoplanets, and how interested readers can perform similar investigations on other interesting data-sets.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures and one potrai

Predicting Multi-actor collaborations using Hypergraphs

Social networks are now ubiquitous and most of them contain interactions involving multiple actors (groups) like author collaborations, teams or emails in an organizations, etc. Hypergraphs are natural structures to effectively capture multi-actor interactions which conventional dyadic graphs fail to capture. In this work the problem of predicting collaborations is addressed while modeling the collaboration network as a hypergraph network. The problem of predicting future multi-actor collaboration is mapped to hyperedge prediction problem. Given that the higher order edge prediction is an inherently hard problem, in this work we restrict to the task of predicting edges (collaborations) that have already been observed in past. In this work, we propose a novel use of hyperincidence temporal tensors to capture time varying hypergraphs and provides a tensor decomposition based prediction algorithm. We quantitatively compare the performance of the hypergraphs based approach with the conventional dyadic graph based approach. Our hypothesis that hypergraphs preserve the information that simple graphs destroy is corroborated by experiments using author collaboration network from the DBLP dataset. Our results demonstrate the strength of hypergraph based approach to predict higher order collaborations (size>4) which is very difficult using dyadic graph based approach. Moreover, while predicting collaborations of size>2 hypergraphs in most cases provide better results with an average increase of approx. 45% in F-Score for different sizes = {3,4,5,6,7}

Cor-pulmonale: a rare presentation in a case of middle lobe syndrome

Brock’s syndrome or middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is chronic or recurrent collapse of right middle lobe due to causes which may be obstructive or non obstructive. The pathogenesis is not completely understood. An expert committee of the world health organization defined cor pulmonale as hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from diseases affecting the function and/or structure of the lungs.” Cor pulmonale is a common heart disease and a leading cause of disability and death. We are reporting this association in a 65y old female who presented to the emergency with acute exacerbation of COPD with SpO2=64% room air. Chest X-ray and HRCT thorax showed features suggesting MLS and ECG shows features suggesting P pulmonale /right atrial enlargement. BNP too was elevated. Patient was resuscitated and put on mechanical ventilation after ABG showed respiratory acidosis. Appropriate treatment with bronchodilators and antibiotics was given

COMPARISON OF KIDNEY DISEASE PREVALENCE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PEOPLE AND NON-DIABETIC PEOPLE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Aim: The key motive of this research is to evaluate the frequency of kidney diseases in subjects with type 2 diabetes vs. nondiabetic patients. For the estimation of the similarity between the relation of normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria with type 2 diabetes and on which point renal diseases different percentage of the patient of type 2 diabetes lies. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 200 cases organized at a tertiary care center in Bihar, India. 100 patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 nondiabetic patients of the same age and gender were included. The study was performed for 24 months, and all the patients were 20-80 years of age. Results: It was evaluated that the incidence of kidney diseases in subjects with diabetes was higher in contrast to non-diabetic subjects. No gender-wise variation was found. The majority of the patients had a period of diabetes between 5 and 10 years. Hypertension was common in both the groups that are type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic. Conclusion: Chronic kidney diseases are highly frequent in diabetic patients. There is a need to deal with hypertension, increased BMI, and weight. Recommendation: An antihypertensive regimen that includes an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) is recommended for Type 2 diabetic patients

Anganwadi based comparative study of immunization status of children in urban, rural and tribal areas of Udaipur district

Background: Immunization is the most powerful and cost effective weapon for the prevention and control of potentially infectious diseases, it also interrupts disease transmission in community.Methods: Facility based cross sectional study to compare the immunization status of children attending Anganwadi centers in urban, rural and tribal areas of Udaipur district through two stage sampling technique.Results: 68.9% respondents from urban area had immunization card followed by rural (59.6%) and tribal (50%) area. Regular vaccination was in 67.8% children.Conclusions: Low level of immunization is more in tribal and rural children than urban children

To assess the effects of platelet rich plasma application on pain in osteoarthritis knee

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate extract of platelets from autologous blood. It is known to increase growth factor of plasma and helps to heal the injured tissue. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous biologic treatment including patients own plasma, containing growth factors released from platelets. The rationale for the use of PRP is to stimulate the natural healing cascade and tissue regeneration by an increase release of platelet-derived factors directly at the site of treatment. This study is done to assess the effects of platelet rich plasma application on pain in osteoarthritis knee.Methods: Total of 40 cases was included in this study (18 male and 22 females) with mean age of 57.3 (Range 35-75). All patients received intra-articular PRP injection. This study was conducted on the patients coming to orthopaedic department at MGM medical college and hospital, Navi Mumbai.Results: In this study it was found that there is decrease in pain on vas pain score, with increasing time. We followed up the patients for period of 3 months. We found that average mean VAS score was decreased from 6.0 to 4.13 after follow up of 3 months after a single dose of intra-articular PRP injection. Conclusions: PRP is an effective treatment for pain in OA knee. It is one of the new approaches in the field of orthopaedics to solve the issues of pain management

Hardware-Assisted Intellectual Property Protection of Deep Learning Models

The protection of intellectual property (IP) rights of well-trained deep learning (DL) models has become a matter of major concern, especially with the growing trend of deployment of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). In this work, we demonstrate the utilization of a hardware root-of-trust to safeguard the IPs of such DL models which potential attackers have access to. We propose an obfuscation framework called Hardware Protected Neural Network (HPNN) in which a deep neural network is trained as a function of a secret key and then, the obfuscated DL model is hosted on a public model sharing platform. This framework ensures that only an authorized end-user who possesses a trustworthy hardware device (with the secret key embedded on-chip) is able to run intended DL applications using the published model. Extensive experimental evaluations show that any unauthorized usage of such obfuscated DL models result in significant accuracy drops ranging from 73.22 to 80.17% across different neural network architectures and benchmark datasets. In addition, we also demonstrate the robustness of proposed HPNN framework against a model fine-tuning type of attack

Correlation Power Analysis Attack against STT-MRAM Based Cyptosystems

Emerging technologies such as Spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) are considered potential candidates for implementing low-power, high density storage systems. The vulnerability of such nonvolatile memory (NVM) based cryptosystems to standard side-channel attacks must be thoroughly assessed before deploying them in practice. In this paper, we outline a generic Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) attack strategy against STT-MRAM based cryptographic designs using a new power model. In our proposed attack methodology, an adversary exploits the power consumption patterns during the write operation of an STT-MRAM based cryptographic implementation to successfully retrieve the secret key. In order to validate our proposed attack technique, we mounted a CPA attack on MICKEY-128 2.0 stream cipher design consisting of STT-MRAM cells with Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) as storage elements. The results of the experiments show that the STT-MRAM based implementation of the cipher circuit is susceptible to standard differential power analysis attack strategy provided a suitable hypothetical power model (such as the one proposed in this paper) is selected. In addition, we also investigated the effectiveness of state-of-the-art side-channel attack countermeasures for MRAMs and found that our proposed scheme is able to break such protected implementations as well