INDICAÇÕES DE DATAS DE SEMEADURA PARA A SOJA E O MILHO SAFRINHA EM ANOS DE EL NIÑO E LA NIÑA CANÔNICOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE CHAPECÓ, ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA

O El Niño Oscilação Sul é o fenômeno natural de maior impacto nas oscilações climáticas de escala interanual e têm sido associado a variações nos rendimentos agrícolas de várias regiões do mundo. O objetivo do estudo foi definir as melhores datas de semeadura para a soja e o milho safrinha durante eventos do El Niño (ENC) e La Niña Canônicos (LNC) em função da redução de produção de biomassa das culturas no município de Chapecó. Dados meteorológicos de 1982 a 2015 foram utilizados no software Aquacrop 6.1 para estimar a produção de biomassa da soja, de ciclo precoce e normal, em diferentes datas de semeadura de 1º de outubro (1º/10) a 1º de dezembro (1º/12). Para o milho, as simulações consideraram variedade de ciclo precoce e semeaduras feitas entre 1º de janeiro (1º/1) e 1º de fevereiro (1º/2), espaçadas em decêndios. Em ambas as culturas, a semeadura foi simulada para solos de textura média e argilosa. Independente do tipo de solo, em anos de ENC a data de semeadura mais indicada para a soja foi em 1º/10 (ciclo precoce) e 1º/12 (ciclo normal), enquanto que para o milho a que se mostrou mais vantajosa foi a do dia 10/1. Em anos de LNC, a data de semeadura da soja que apresentou resultado mais satisfatório, para ambos os ciclos e solos, foi a do dia 1º/12. Para o milho, também em anos de LNC, a data de semeadura mais indicada foi o dia 10/1

Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 regulates multiple myeloma cell growth and bortezomib-induced cell death

BACKGROUND: Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) \u3b1 and \u3b2 are two serine-threonine kinases controlling insulin, Wnt/\u3b2-catenin, NF-\u3baB signaling and other cancer-associated transduction pathways. Recent evidence suggests that GSK-3 could function as growth-promoting kinases, especially in malignant cells. In this study, we have investigated GSK-3\u3b1 and GSK-3\u3b2 function in multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: GSK-3 \u3b1 and \u3b2 expression and cellular localization were investigated by Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence analysis in a panel of MM cell lines and in freshly isolated plasma cells from patients. MM cell growth, viability and sensitivity to bortezomib was assessed upon treatment with GSK-3 specific inhibitors or transfection with siRNAs against GSK-3 \u3b1 and \u3b2 isoforms. Survival signaling pathways were studied with WB analysis. RESULTS: GSK-3\u3b1 and GSK-3\u3b2 were differently expressed and phosphorylated in MM cells. Inhibition of GSK-3 with the ATP-competitive, small chemical compounds SB216763 and SB415286 caused MM cell growth arrest and apoptosis through the activation of the intrinsic pathway. Importantly, the two inhibitors augmented the bortezomib-induced MM cell cytotoxicity. RNA interference experiments showed that the two GSK-3 isoforms have distinct roles: GSK-3\u3b2 knock down decreased MM cell viability, while GSK-3\u3b1 knock down was associated with a higher rate of bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity. GSK-3 inhibition caused accumulation of \u3b2-catenin and nuclear phospho-ERK1, 2. Moreover, GSK-3 inhibition and GSK-3\u3b1 knockdown enhanced bortezomib-induced AKT and MCL-1 protein degradation. Interestingly, bortezomib caused a reduction of GSK-3 serine phosphorylation and its nuclear accumulation with a mechanism that resulted partly dependent on GSK-3 itself. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that in MM cells GSK-3\u3b1 and \u3b2 i) play distinct roles in cell survival and ii) modulate the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors

Cross-border and emerging risks in Europe

In this report, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) expands its exploration of complex disaster risks that transcend national borders and introduce novel challenges to the European Union. Taking stock of previous JRC flagship reports on understanding risks (Science for Disaster Risk Management Book Series and the Recommendations for National Risk Assessment Versions 0 and 1), this document addresses the multi-faceted nature of cross-border and emerging risks in Europe. The report collects the contributions from expert teams across 8 JRC directorates and external partners. It analyses the current landscape of risks characterized by their potential for widespread impact across the continent, necessitating a coordinated European response. The work leverages historical data and recent scientific advances that address both cross-border risks such as natural disasters and anthropogenic crises, and emerging risks that include technological and socio-economic challenges. This comprehensive assessment helps in understanding and managing cross-border and emerging risks, including environmental, health, and technological threats. It emphasizes the importance of integrated approaches and improved data sharing to better anticipate and prepare for potential disasters. The findings advocate for the incorporation of transboundary considerations in risk management strategies to effectively handle the interconnected and complex nature of today's risks. Emerging from an increased need for an integrated approach in disaster risk management (DRM), this report underscores the importance of the EU's continued research on understanding the root causes of risks and in adaptation and mitigation strategies to enhance resilience.JRC.E.1 - Disaster Risk Managemen

Granulocyte Apheresis: Can It Be Associated with Anti PD-1 Therapy for Melanoma?

In the field of advanced melanoma, there is an urgent need to investigate novel approaches targeting specific components of the cancer-immunity cycle beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors. The authors reviewed the basic understanding of the role of neutrophils in cancer biology, and the latest clinical evidence supporting the correlation between cancer-associated neutrophils and the prognosis and response to the immunotherapy of advanced melanoma. Finally, they propose that granulocyte and monocyte apheresis, an emerging non-pharmacological treatment in current dermatology, could become an investigative treatment targeting melanoma-associated neutrophils which could be potentially used in combination with the usual immune checkpoint inhibitors

Successful treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a neutrophilic dermatosis clinically characterised by the presence of painful skin ulcerations with erythematous and undetermined borders and histologically by the presence of neutrophilic infiltrates in the dermis. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis, also called granulocytapheresis, is a therapeutic strategy for extracorporeal immunomodulation that selectively removes activated granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages from the peripheral blood. Here, we report a case of a 73-year-old patient affected by a severe form of pyoderma gangrenosum presenting with multiple painful ulcers and pustules on his trunk and extremities. The disease was resistant to high doses of methylprednisolone and methotrexate and successfully treated by granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in pyoderma gangrenosum in Europe