THE EFFECT OF DAILY PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS ON HUNGARIAN STUDENT'S PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND BODY COMPOSITION

Lifestyle, physical activity level and nutritional habits as well as environmental factors are having a greater and greater detrimental effect on the health of various populations. In the present study we systematically researched the physical status of schoolchildren. It is well known that as children grow up, the amount of spontaneous physical activity they perform decreases as they have more mental tasks to do these negative factors can be offset with daily physical education. We measured children participating in physical education on a daily basis, consisting of 5th (10-11 years old) and 9th (14-15 years old) grade students and control groups of 4th (9-10 years old) and 8th (13-14 years old) grade students, respectively, for a total of 196 persons (94 girls and 102 boys). Habitual physical activity was obtained with Actigraph, (GT1M/GT3X) and body fat percentage was calculated from anthropometrical measurements. As expected, we were able to observe a linear correlation between the physical activity levels and the body composition of the participants. The more time the subjects spent performing MVPA (Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity), the less body fat they had. The recommended MVPA is a minimum of one hour per day, but these Hungarian children had two hours of MPVA per day. Our results lead us to conclude that ninety minutes of additional physical education per week for 7-8 months cannot be considered sufficient for a full impact analysis nor for schoolchildren’s physical activity needs or body composition, though an increase in the amount of time spent in physical education classes shows beneficial effects for these children

THE EFFECT OF DAILY PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS ON HUNGARIAN STUDENT'S PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND BODY COMPOSITION

Lifestyle, physical activity level and nutritional habits as well as environmental factors are having a greater and greater detrimental effect on the health of various populations. In the present study we systematically researched the physical status of schoolchildren. It is well known that as children grow up, the amount of spontaneous physical activity they perform decreases as they have more mental tasks to do these negative factors can be offset with daily physical education. We measured children participating in physical education on a daily basis, consisting of 5th (10-11 years old) and 9th (14-15 years old) grade students and control groups of 4th (9-10 years old) and 8th (13-14 years old) grade students, respectively, for a total of 196 persons (94 girls and 102 boys). Habitual physical activity was obtained with Actigraph, (GT1M/GT3X) and body fat percentage was calculated from anthropometrical measurements. As expected, we were able to observe a linear correlation between the physical activity levels and the body composition of the participants. The more time the subjects spent performing MVPA (Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity), the less body fat they had. The recommended MVPA is a minimum of one hour per day, but these Hungarian children had two hours of MPVA per day. Our results lead us to conclude that ninety minutes of additional physical education per week for 7-8 months cannot be considered sufficient for a full impact analysis nor for schoolchildren’s physical activity needs or body composition, though an increase in the amount of time spent in physical education classes shows beneficial effects for these children

The modulatory effect of adaptive task-switching training on resting-state neural network dynamics in younger and older adults

With increasing life expectancy and active aging, it becomes crucial to investigate methods which could compensate for generally detected cognitive aging processes. A promising candidate is adaptive cognitive training, during which task difficulty is adjusted to the participants’ performance level to enhance the training and potential transfer effects. Measuring intrinsic brain activity is suitable for detecting possible distributed training-effects since resting-state dynamics are linked to the brain’s functional flexibility and the effectiveness of different cognitive processes. Therefore, we investigated if adaptive task-switching training could modulate resting-state neural dynamics in younger (18–25 years) and older (60–75 years) adults (79 people altogether). We examined spectral power density on resting-state EEG data for measuring oscillatory activity, and multiscale entropy for detecting intrinsic neural complexity. Decreased coarse timescale entropy and lower frequency band power as well as increased fine timescale entropy and higher frequency band power revealed a shift from more global to local information processing with aging before training. However, cognitive training modulated these age-group differences, as coarse timescale entropy and lower frequency band power increased from pre- to post-training in the old-training group. Overall, our results suggest that cognitive training can modulate neural dynamics even when measured outside of the trained task

Hormonal Neuroendocrine and Vasoconstrictor Peptide Responses of Ball Game and Cyclic Sport Elite Athletes by Treadmill Test.

ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate complex hormonal response in ball game and cyclic sport elite athletes through an incremental treadmill test, since, so far, variables in experimental procedures have often hampered comparisons of data.MethodsWe determined anthropometric data, heart rate, maximal oxygen uptake, workload, plasma levels of lactate, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, angiontensinogen and endothelin in control (n = 6), soccer (n = 8), handball (n = 12), kayaking (n = 9) and triathlon (n = 9) groups based on a Bruce protocol through a maximal exercise type of spiroergometric test.ResultsWe obtained significant increases for adrenaline, 2.9- and 3.9-fold by comparing the normalized means for soccer players and kayakers and soccer players and triathletes after/before test, respectively. For noradrenaline, we observed an even stronger, three-time significant difference between each type of ball game and cyclic sport activity.ConclusionsExercise related adrenaline and noradrenaline changes were more pronounced than dopamine plasma level changes and revealed an opportunity to differentiate cyclic and ball game activities and control group upon these parameters. Normalization of concentration ratios of the monitored compounds by the corresponding maximal oxygen uptake reflected better the differences in the response level of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and cortisol

Iskoláskorúak sportolását befolyásoló szocio-ökonómiai tényezők

Az ülő életmód és a hipoaktív szabadidő-eltöltés napjaink egyik legjelentősebb népegészségügyi kockázati tényezője, és ez áll a civilizációs betegségek egyre korábbi és gyakoribb megjelenésének hátterében. Legfontosabb szocializációs színtér a család, így a szülők attitűdjei, sporthoz való hozzáállása, iskolai végzettsége, életmódja és anyagi háttere döntő mértékben befolyásolja a felnövekvő generációk egészségi állapotát, illetve életmódját. A kedvezőtlen életmód tömegessé válása miatt már évtizedek óta vizsgálják a fiatalok sportolási szokásait is, legtöbbször kérdőíves felmérésekkel találkozunk. Az elemzések egy részében próbálták azonosítani a befolyásoló háttértényezőket is. Hazánkban is készültek kisebb elemszámú, illetve nagyobb, átfogó és reprezentatív kutatások is, azonban az ezredforduló után nemigen készült ilyen irányú, nagy elemszámú, fiatalkorúakra vonatkozó vizsgálat. Jelen elemzésben így célunk volt az iskoláskorúak egy csoportjának sportolási szokásait leginkább befolyásoló, a napjainkra jellemző szocio-ökonómiai háttér legfontosabb tényezőit azonosítani. Vizsgálatunkban az ország különböző régiójában élő 7-19 éves gyermek és serdülő vett részt (N=2 316; fiúk: n=1 143, leányok: n=1 173). Kérdőív segítségével tájékozódtunk a sportolási szokásokról, a szülők testmagasságáról, testtömegéről, végzettségéről, az egy főre jutó lakóterület nagyságáról és a településtípusról. Elemeztük a gyermekek sportolásának és a szocio-ökonómiai jellemzők összefüggését korreláció és regresszió-analízis segítségével, a szignifikancia-szint p<0,05 volt. A teljes mintában, illetve nemenként is szignifikáns összefüggést találtunk a gyermekek sportolása és a szocio-ökonómiai változók között ugyanakkor nemenként eltérő mértékben. A szülők fizikai aktivitása, sportolása gyenge, bár szignifikáns összefüggést mutatott a gyermekek heti sportolással töltött idejével (r=0,16 - 0,21). Közismert tény, hogy a családi háttér, a szülői példamutatás jelentős, bár az életkorral folyamatosan csökkenő hatással van a fiatalok életmódjára, így sportolására is. Vizsgálatunk alapján úgy tűnik, hogy az apák sportolásának, sporthoz való hozzáállásának befolyásoló hatása jelentősebb, mint az anyáké